MODULE 3 BASIC EE.pdf

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MODULE 3: ELECTRICAL METERING AND MEASUREMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INTENDED LEARNING OUTCO...

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MODULE 3: ELECTRICAL METERING AND MEASUREMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: Compare circuit connection of an ammeter and a voltmeter. Understand the working principle of an ohmmeter. Define the two types of multitester. Understand the working principle and function of a multimeter. Understand the concept of cable insulation resistance testers such as megger. Define the different types of energy meters. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering VOLTMETER The Voltmeter is a measuring instrument used to find the voltage levels around an electrical circuit when connected in parallel with the part of the circuit being measured Voltmeters are typically represented by a circle with a letter V inside TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering AMMETER The Ammeter is a measuring instrument used to find the strength of current flowing around an electrical circuit when connected in series with the part of the circuit being measured Ammeters are typically represented by a circle with a letter A inside TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering HOW TO USE VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS? Voltmeter must be connected in Parallel with the resistor or the load being measured Ammeter must be connected in Series with the resistor or the load being measured TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering OHMMETERS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering OHMMETER An ohmmeter is defined as a device that measures electrical resistance, indicating how much a material opposes electric current. Ohmmeters are typically represented by a circle with a symbol of omega inside. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering APPLICATION OF OHMMETER This meter can be used to ensure the continuity of the circuit. These are broadly used in electronic labs in engineering to test the electronic components. These are used for small ICs for debugging such as PCBs & other stuff which requires to be executed in sensitive devices. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering TYPES OF OHMMETER Series Type Ohmmeter: measures resistance by adjusting the circuit current and using a deflecting pointer to indicate resistance. Shunt Type Ohmmeter: measures resistance by connecting the meter in parallel with the resistance and adjusting the current flow for accuracy. Multi-Range Ohmmeter: can measure different resistance ranges by selecting the appropriate range switch, offering versatility and accuracy. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering MULTIMETER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering MULTIMTER / MULTITESTER A multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering ANALOG VS DIGITAL TESTERS An analog multimeter uses a needle that moves along a scale to indicate the value of the measurement. A digital multimeter uses a numeric display to show the exact value of the measurement. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering QUICK OVERVIEW VOLTMETER: VOLTAGE (PARALLEL) AMMETER: CURRENT (SERIES) OHMMETER: RESISTANCE (PARALLEL) CONTINUITY TESTER MULTIMETER: VOLTAGE,CURRENT, & RESISTANCE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CABLE INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTERS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTER (MEGGER TEST) An insulation resistance (IR) tester measures the total resistance between any two points separated by electrical insulation. It determines how effective the dielectric (insulation) in resisting the flow of electrical current. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering GROUND RESISTANCE METER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering GROUND RESISTANCE METER Ground resistance meters test the resistance of soil to the passage of electric current to determine the adequacy of the grounding of an electrical system by ensuring an adequately large path for fault currents, an indispensable component of a safe, properly functioning electrical system. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering ENERGY METERS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering ENERGY METER The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilizes by the electric load TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering TYPES OF ENERGY METERS Electromechanical Induction Type: the popularly known and most common type of age old watt hour meter. Electronic Energy Meter: These are of accurate, high procession and reliable types of measuring instruments as compared to conventional mechanical meters. Smart Energy Meter: an advanced metering technology involving placing intelligent meters to read, process and feedback the data to customers. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering QUICK OVERVIEW INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST HIGH RESISTANCE – GOOD INSULATION GROUND RESISTANCE METER: LOW RESISTANCE – GOOD GROUNDING ENERGY METERS: MEASURING ENERGY CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CELLS AND BATTERIES TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CELL A device which is used as a source of e.m.f. and which works on the principle of conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering BATTERY The combination of various cells to obtain the desired voltage level is called a battery TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering TYPES OF CELLS Primary Cell: Chemical action in such cells is not reversible and hence the entire cell is required to be replaced by a new one if the cell is down. Secondary Cell: Chemical action in such cells is reversible, thus if cell is down, it can be charged to regain its original state. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering BATTERY CAPACITY It indicated the amount of electricity which a battery can supply at the specified discharge rate, till its voltage falls to a specified value. The battery capacity is specified in ampere-hours (Ah) Battery Capacity = ID x TD Where: ID = Discharge current in amperes TD = Time of discharge in hours till voltage falls TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering GROUPING OF CELLS The single cell is not sufficient to provide necessary voltage in many cases. Practically number of cells are grouped to obtain the battery which provides necessary voltage or current. The cells are grouped in three ways: 1. Series Grouping 2. Parallel Grouping 3. Series-Parallel Grouping TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SERIES GROUPING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering PARALLEL GROUPING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SERIES-PARALLEL GROUPING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering MODULE 3 SAMPLE PROBLEMS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS Determine the readings off ALL voltmeters and ammeters that are connected in the circuit. Assuming that the voltage total is 20V and the value of the resistors are 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 20 Ω respectively. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS If a Battery allows a current of 7 amperes to go through it for 8 hours, calculate its storage capacity in amp-hour (Ah). A battery has a storage capacity of 70 ampere-hours (Ah) and gives a constant current of 4 amperes. How long will the battery last? There is a battery with a storage capacity of 60 watt-hours (Wh) and a constant current of 20 amperes with 1 volt. Find how long will the battery last. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS You are given with a 12 pieces of 1.5 Volts of Dry-Cell that has a capacity of 1000mAh. Arrange the cells in a such a way that it will form a battery with a 9V and 6000mAh capacity. (Draw the arrangement of cells) TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering