Module 2- Life and Works of Rizal.pdf

LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL MODULE 2- PRELIMS THE 19 CENTURYTH AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT MODULE 2- PRELIMS JOSE RIZAL’S ENVIRONMENT GROWING UP… Rizal grew up amidst the Philippines struggle for independence and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time....

LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL MODULE 2- PRELIMS THE 19 CENTURYTH AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT MODULE 2- PRELIMS JOSE RIZAL’S ENVIRONMENT GROWING UP… Rizal grew up amidst the Philippines struggle for independence and the shifting social, economic, and political landscape of the time. These changes played a role in shaping his perspective and standpoint in life. LET US ALL LOOK BACK… What was happening and what happened during the 19th century that really molded who Rizal was and why he used his experiences to awaken the sense of patriotism and nationalism of every Filipinos then and now? 19TH CENTURY… Also known as the “birth of modernity” It emphasized the “break” from traditional ways of life--- And the emergence of new ideas, attitudes, and institutions that marked the transition of new era. BEFORE AND DURING 19TH CENTURY… From Monarchy to Democracy From Feudalism to Capitalism From Passively-accepting to Reform-Minded THE 19TH CENTURY… It was also called as part of “Age of Revolution.” During this century, industrial revolution transpired. New modes of production, transportation and communication were introduced. Bringing about a shift from “manual labor” to “machine-based production.” THE 19TH CENTURY… This transformation of economy and society resulted in new forms of work and leisure, as well as urbanization and the growth of cities. Various political revolutions also happened during the late 18th and 19th century American Revolution French Revolution The wave of political change challenged the power of the monarchy and paved way for new forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and freedom. THE 19TH CENTURY Encompasses a new way of thinking about the world and one’s place in it characterized by an increased focus on individualism, rationality, and the belief in progress and the ability to shape the world through scientific, technological, and social advancement. THE 19TH CENTURY… While different parts of Europe were flourishing like The Great Britain because of the Industrial Revolution; and France because of the French Revolution. However, Spain was experiencing a slow decline.  ECONOMICAL CONDITION… Even before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines, Trading was already apparent among our ancestors. Some of the early Philippine merchants traded with various countries including: China Japan Siam (Thailand) Cambodia India Borneo (Malaysia) Moluccas (Spice Island)  When the Spaniards colonized us, they saw this as an opportunity to profit and gain from this trade system and made it a government monopoly. They eventually closed the ports of Manila to all countries except for : `Acapulco, Mexico. WHY IS IT STILL OPEN FOR MEXICO? During the 16th century, Mexico was a colony of Spain, just like the Philippines. Philippines is being governed by Spain from Mexico since it is part of the Spanish Empire. This created a monopoly because Spain had exclusive control over the trade route and the goods that were traded. Because of this…  The “Manila-Acapulco Trade” was born which is very well known as “The GALLEON TRADE” THE GALLEON TRADE… It is a government monopoly which started the commercial ties between the Philippines and Mexico. Large trading vessels called “Manila Galleons” brought various products and good from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico, and vice versa. BECAUSE OF THE GALLEON TRADE… Manila became the “Center of Commerce in the East. “ Spain became a mercantilist superpower. But not forever. WHY??? The Galleon system face tough competition in the late 18th century.; Spain’s silver mines in its colonies in South America slowly dwindled where Spain is heavily dependent. ; Mexico had a revolt or war for independence. END OF THE GALLEON TRADE…. Due to its unsustainability, the trade was ended by decree during the first decade of the 19th century. This opened economic opportunities to the Philippines created by the industrial revolution. In 1834, Spain opened the Philippines economy to the world commerce. THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY… It became a supplier of raw materials for the industries of the West by utilizing its underutilized land resources to venture into “Cash Crop Agriculture.” Cash Crop Agriculture-- a type of farming where crops are grown primarily for sale rather than for personal or local consumption. CASH CROP AGRICULTURE… British, Dutch, and American Trading companies invested large capital in the country for the large scale production of different products, such as tobacco and sugar. And to make transactions easier and more convenient, foreign investors need people who are already in the Philippines. Here enters the influence and works of: Chinese Mestizos Rich Natives CHINESE MESTIZOS AND RICH NATIVES… They helped the foreign investors with the acquisition of lands, mobilization of labor, transportation, crops and retail trade. CHINESE IMMIGRANTS/ MESTIZOS… They served as “middlemen” between the provinces, where the crops were planted, and the merchant houses of the Mestizos of Manila. RICH NATIVES Also known as “Inquilinos.” They became tenants. They oversee the production of cash crops by subleasing large estates or haciendas from friars and then subletting them to indigenous farmers. SUEZ CANAL It is a key trade route between Europe and Asia. It is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. When it was opened, the distance of travel between Europe and the Philippines was shortened. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS PEOPLE… The Philippines was opened for world commerce. ; Foreigners where engaged in manufacturing and agriculture. ; The Philippine economy became dynamic and balanced. ; There was a rise of new influential and wealthy Filipino middle class. ; People were encouraged to participate in the trade.; Migration and increase in population were encouraged. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS PEOPLE… In 1825, the total trade of the Philippines was only 2.8 million pesos. but in 1875, it increased to 31.1 million pesos. And in 1895, it sky-rocketed to 62 million pesos. What does all of this have to do with Jose Rizal? That, we will discuss in our next meeting. NEXT MEETING… Continuation of discussion. Review and prepare for a quiz.  Thank you, Good luck, and see you next meeting!