Module 1.1.pptx.pdf

MODULE 1 Introduction to Programming Fundamentals CC 1101  1. Major Components of Computer System LESSON 2. Peopleware or Human Resources FLOW 3. Information Processing Cycle 4. Elements of Computer Program 5. Statements or Commands ...

MODULE 1 Introduction to Programming Fundamentals CC 1101  1. Major Components of Computer System LESSON 2. Peopleware or Human Resources FLOW 3. Information Processing Cycle 4. Elements of Computer Program 5. Statements or Commands  COMPUTER A machine that manipulates data based on a list of instructions called a program. It can process information and perform mathematical calculations much faster than human beings.  PROGRAM A program, installed on a computer, tells the computer when to obtain information, how to process information and perform calculations, and what output to produce.  COMPUTER SYSTEM A combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer. Every computer system is composed of multiple pieces of hardware and software. Major Components of Computer System  COMPUTER HARDWARE Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer.  COMPUTER HARDWARE A typical computer system consists of the following major components:  THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, it performs most of the processing inside a computer. It executes instructions from programs by performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.  MEMORY (RAM - RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) RAM is the system's short-term memory where data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU are stored temporarily. It allows for quick access and manipulation of data while programs are running.  MEMORY (ROM - READ ONLY MEMORY) A permanent storage. Used for storing firmware or software that needs to be permanently available, such as the BIOS in a computer. It is non-volatile memory, meaning that the data remains even when the power is turned off.  BIOS (BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM) It is a firmware component of a computer's system that is responsible for starting up the computer when it is powered on.  PRIMARY STORAGE This includes the system's main storage medium, such as a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD). It stores the operating system, applications, and data files persistently.  SECONDARY STORAGE External devices like flashdrives, CDs, or external hard drives that provide additional storage capacity.  INPUT DEVICES Hardware components used to enter data into the computer, such as keyboards, mouse, scanners, and microphones.  OUTPUT DEVICES Hardware components that deliver information from the computer to the user or another system, including monitors, printers, speakers, and projectors. COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software, commonly known as programs or apps, consists of all the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. TWO TYPES: SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE  SYSTEM SOFTWARE Helps run the computer hardware and computer system itself. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more. It is almost always pre-installed on your computer.  APPLICATION SOFTWARE Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. It includes word processing, web browsing and almost any other task for which you might install software.  3 MAJOR OPERATIONS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE INPUT PROCES OUTPUT S