Aviation Operator's Responsibilities PDF

The Operator’s Responsibilities Registered Operator Responsibilities The Registered Operator (RO) must comply with the regulatory requirements that relate to safety. The RO is to ensure employees and flight crews are familiar with local laws and regulations. A Compliance Statement is us...

The Operator’s Responsibilities Registered Operator Responsibilities The Registered Operator (RO) must comply with the regulatory requirements that relate to safety. The RO is to ensure employees and flight crews are familiar with local laws and regulations. A Compliance Statement is used in the evaluation of an applicant’s Operations Manual and, where applicable, a Maintenance Control Manual. AOC holders are required to have a current Certificate of Compliance from CASA, which serves as proof of holding satisfactory passenger liability insurance. Aircraft operator 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 170 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Operator’s Responsibilities for Continuous Airworthiness and Maintenance Photo by Pexels CRS is required for any maintenance that has been carried out on the aircraft The continuing airworthiness requirements to be ensured by the RO before permitting an aircraft to fly include: Ensuring rectification of defects Ensuring compliance with all Airworthiness Directives Making only approved modifications and repairs Replacing life-limited aeronautical products Complying with an Approved Maintenance Program Measuring the effectiveness of the Approved Maintenance Program Ensuring each item of operational or emergency equipment required by or under the regulations is serviceable and fitted, and Ensuring that an Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC) is in force for the aircraft. If maintenance has been carried out on the aircraft, a CRS is required in relation to that maintenance. The flight technical log for the aircraft needs to record the details of any item of operational or emergency equipment fitted to the aircraft that is not required by the approved design for the aircraft that is unserviceable and not required under the regulations for the flight. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 171 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  If the aircraft is to operate and there is a defect on the aircraft, the operation of the aircraft is to be permitted by: The Minimum Equipment List (MEL), or The Configuration Deviation List (CDL), or A Special Flight Permit (SFP). Minimum Equipment List The Minimum Equipment List (MEL) is a document approved by CASA and developed from the TC holder’s MMEL. It contains the conditions under which a specified aircraft may operate, with items of equipment inoperative, at the time of dispatch. The MEL also provides a time interval for the rectification of the faulty item, relevant to the operational significance of the item. ©Aviation Australia Minimum Equipment List 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 172 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Configuration Deviation List The Configuration Deviation List (CDL) identifies any external parts of an aircraft which may be missing at the commencement of flight. Airbus A330 Configuration Deviation List example Dispatch Deviation List/Guide The Dispatch Deviation List (DDL), also called the Dispatch Deviation Guide (DDG) is a document which contains both the MEL and the CDL. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 173 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Operator’s Responsibility to an Aircraft Maintenance Program CASR Subpart 42.C sets out the continuing airworthiness requirements, including requirements for carrying out maintenance for aircraft and aeronautical products. It covers the requirements for a Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation (CAMO). It authorises CASA to issue a MOS for CASR Part 42. A Maintenance Organisation must have a Part 145 approval for the aircraft to perform the maintenance on it. At this stage, CASR Part 42 is applicable only to Australian aircraft and their aeronautical products when they are operated under a Regular Public Transport (RPT) AOC. The CAMO must ensure that at all times there is an Approved Maintenance Program in place for each aircraft under its control. The Maintenance Program is a document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion. It relates to procedures, such as a Reliability Program, necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies. The aircraft should be maintained only according to one Approved Maintenance Program at a given point in time. When an owner or operator wishes to change from one Approved Program to another, a transfer check or inspection may be necessary. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 174 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  The Maintenance Program details should be reviewed at least annually. As a minimum, revisions of documents affecting the Maintenance Program basis need to be considered by the owner or operator for inclusion in the Maintenance Program during the annual review. Applicable mandatory requirements for compliance with Part 21 should be incorporated into the owner or operator’s Maintenance Program as soon as possible. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 175 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation CASR Part 42 Requirements CASR Part 42 clearly separates the responsibility for management of continued airworthiness of an RPT aircraft (which belongs to the CAMO) from the responsibility for the actual conduct of the maintenance (which belongs to the Part 145 Organisation). CASR Part 42 requires that an operator registered for RPT (an AOC holder) must be approved as a CAMO. The regulation identifies the operator as being responsible for continuing airworthiness of an aircraft operated in RPT operations. A registered air transport operator must ensure that maintenance on its aircraft and aeronautical products is carried out only by individuals and organisations with permission under the regulations. Only a Maintenance Organisation approved under Part 145 with an approval for the aircraft and/or aeronautical products is permitted to perform the maintenance. CASR Part 42 contents example 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 176 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Responsibilities of a CAMO: Obligations A CAMO must comply with the following requirements before permitting an aircraft to fly: To ensure that maintenance and certification are performed by an Approved Part 145 Organisation To ensure compliance with all applicable Airworthiness Directives To make only approved modifications and repairs To ensure replacement of life-limited aeronautical products To ensure compliance with the Approved Maintenance Program To measure the effectiveness of the Approved Maintenance Program To maintain an aircraft continuing airworthiness record system To use an aircraft technical log system containing information about each flight and current maintenance status To ensure that a CRS is issued in relation to maintenance upon its completion To ensure that each item of operational or emergency equipment required by the regulations is serviceable and fitted To ensure that an Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC) is in force for the aircraft. Note: A CAMO approval does not allow the organisation to carry out maintenance. Responsibilities of a CAMO: Specific Tasks A CAMO may not permit an aircraft to fly before certain continuing airworthiness tasks have been accomplished. The CAMO must ensure aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both operational and emergency equipment by: The accomplishment of pre-flight inspections, Ensuring rectification or deferment of defects: To an officially recognised standard and in accordance with approved data, Governed by the requirements and limitations of the applicable MEL, CDL & SRM. A defect must be rectified when it impacts flight safety. A defect may be deferred when it does not impact flight safety. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 177 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Requirements for Approval of a CAMO by CASA To be approved as a CAMO, an organisation must have: Adequate facilities and equipment Access to appropriate instructions for continuing airworthiness (maintenance data) Qualified personnel essential to manage continuing airworthiness An exposition setting out the processes and procedures that the organisation and its employees will work to, in meeting their obligations under the regulations. CASR Part 42 Subpart G contains the administrative requirements for initial approval and for subsequent changes to an approval as a CAMO. The CASR Part 42 MOS sets out the requirements for facilities, equipment and personnel. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 178 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Documents to Be Carried in Australian Aircraft CAR 139 Document Requirements The pilot in command of an aircraft, when flying, must carry on the aircraft the following documents in accordance with CAR 139: The aircraft’s Certificate of Registration The aircraft’s Certificate of Airworthiness The aircraft’s Maintenance Release or the CRS, whichever is applicable The licences and medical certificates of the operating crew The flight manual (if any) for the aircraft Any licence in force with respect to the radio equipment in the aircraft If the aircraft is carrying passengers, a list of the names, places of embarkation and places of disembarkation of the passengers If the aircraft is carrying cargo, the bills of lading and manifests. CASA CAR139 document requirements 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 179 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  External and Internal Marking and Signs CASR Part 45 Aircraft Marking Requirements There is a requirement for all Australian aircraft to carry various permanently attached markings and signs on their exterior and in their interior. These include: Nationality and registration marks Aircraft registration identification plates Identifying words. CASR Part 45 refers to the applicability and rules covering nationality and registration marks. The regulation includes: The meaning of the marks Location and number of sets of markings for fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft, airships, etc Minimum height, width and spacing of characters How they are affixed on the aircraft. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 180 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Nationality and Registration Marks Nationality and registration marks contain two parts: Nationality marking—VH Registration marking—a group of characters (e.g. ABC). The Nationality Marking and Registration Marking are separated by a hyphen, e.g. VH—ABC. Under some limited conditions, an aircraft may be exempt from displaying nationality and registration marks. General Aviation aircraft markings - VH-ABC 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 181 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Identification Plates CASR Part 45 also includes regulations for aircraft registration identification plates. The plate must be made of fireproof material. The plate must withstand the heat of a fire at least as well as a steel plate of the same size and thickness. It must be marked (by etching, stamping, engraving or another approved method) with: The letters VH (the Australian nationality mark) Followed by a hyphen The aircraft’s registration mark. The aircraft registration identification plate must be attached to an "accessible" location near an entrance of the aircraft. Aircraft registration identification plate The plate must be attached in a way that ensures it is not likely to be defaced or to become detached from the aircraft. It is an offence to operate an aircraft without an aircraft registration identification plate attached to the aircraft. It is also an offence of strict liability to remove aircraft registration identification plates without CASA’s written approval. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 182 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Identifying Words CASR Part 45 refers to the requirement for certain aircraft to bear words if that aircraft is covered by restrictions. These words, as defined by CASA, alert the pilot and passenger to the fact that the aircraft meets no approved airworthiness standard. The words are: For a Limited category aircraft—LIMITED For a Restricted category aircraft—RESTRICTED For a Provisional Certificate of Airworthiness—PROVISIONAL For Experimental category aircraft—EXPERIMENTAL. Aircraft Markings - Identifying words 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 183 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Safety Signs An Australian aircraft must also display safety placards to alert the crew and passengers to safety requirements or possible hazards. These include: No smoking Fasten seat belts Fire extinguisher locations Life jacket locations Exits Emergency exits Break-in points. Safety signs An operator shall ensure that designated areas of the fuselage suitable for break-in by rescue crews in an emergency are marked on an aeroplane. Such areas shall be marked as shown below. The colour of the markings shall be red or yellow and, if necessary, they shall be outlined in white to contrast with the background. If the corner markings are more than 2 m apart, intermediate lines 9 cm × 3 cm shall be inserted so that there are no more than 2 m between adjacent marks. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 184 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Break in marks Placards Placards are essential aircraft parts. They have individual part numbers and are recorded in the Illustrated Parts List/Catalogue. In fact, they are part of the type design. They are often safety aids and must be kept in a legible condition. Many placards are covered by Airworthiness Directives (ADs). Placards or decals are also used to indicate inoperative equipment. Procedure cards are usually for larger aircraft and are listed in the pre-flight checklists. Safety placard 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 185 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances I (10.5) Learning Objectives 10.5.1.1 Explain the structure and intent of Part 21 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.1.2 Explain the structure and intent of Part 23 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.1.3 Explain the structure and intent of Part 25 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.1.4 Explain the structure and intent of Part 27 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.1.5 Explain the structure and intent of Part 29 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 10.5.2.1 Explain the purpose and issue of standard and special Certificates of Airworthiness (Level 2). 10.5.2.2 Explain the purpose and issue of Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness (Level 2). Summary This topic provides a general understanding of CASR Parts 21, 22, 23, 25, 27 and 29. For additional reading on each part, go to the relevant volume in the current compilation of the complete CASR 1998. You should also refer to applicable Advisory Circulars, which describe the meaning of certain requirements in the regulations and offer interpretive and explanatory guidance. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 186 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 21 Certification and Airworthiness Part 21 deals with certification and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft. It includes: Type Certification (TC) Airworthiness Certification Production Certification Approval of aircraft engines, propellers, materials, parts, processes and appliances Identification of aircraft and aeronautical products. The part also includes rules governing the holders of certificates or approvals. Aircraft Type Certification Aircraft type certification is the process of evaluating and approving aircraft type design data against designated design standards, to culminate in the issue of a Type Certificate. A TC is a prerequisite for the issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA) for an individual aircraft. motive56/stock.adobe.com used with permission A Type Certificate is a prerequisite for the issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 187 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type Certificate Issue of Type Certificates A Type Certificate (TC) is a document issued by CASA to define the design of a type of aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller and to certify that the design meets the applicable airworthiness requirements. Certification of an Aircraft Type Type certification involves prescribing appropriate design standards and requirements: Ensuring the product design is proven to meet the design standards through competent and adequate ground tests, engineering analysis and flight tests. Checking that the test articles when manufactured conform to the design requirements. Ensuring that the flight manual and associated operating aspects are satisfactory. Acceptance of the Maintenance Manual and approval of the Airworthiness Limitations section of the Maintenance Manual (if applicable). Ensuring that satisfactory arrangements are in place for continuing airworthiness control, defect reporting and supply of service documents. Aviation Australia CASA Type Certification procedures manual cover 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 188 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Provisional Type Certificates A Provisional Type Certificate (PTC) is a temporary TC that applicants may request while working towards a TC. Particular advantages may be: Training of flight crews, sales, market survey and demonstration operations, and service testing of the aircraft in lieu of, and after, the Experimental Certificate has been cancelled. This may provide scope for reduced insurance premiums. Marking an additional achievement milestone in the overall certification program; and Allowing the manufacturer to conduct crew training and sales flights before the TC is issued, and thus the time between receiving the TC and having the aircraft placed in service is reduced. Supplemental Type Certificate When developing a major change to a type-certificated aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, that design must be approved before it can be used. A Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) is one method of obtaining approval. If an organisation proposes to develop the design of a major change to a type-certificated aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, the organisation should seek an STC, especially if it intends to sell the design to multiple customers. A major change to a TC is defined under CASR 21.93 as one that has an appreciable effect on the weight, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational characteristics or other characteristics affecting the airworthiness of the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller. The design of many modifications, repairs and enhancements to aircraft, engines and propellers may be approved under Regulation 35 of CAR 1988 without requiring the issue of an STC. However, the Authority will require the applicant to apply for the issue of an STC in certain circumstances. An STC is required when a flight manual supplement is required for a certification category change even though there may be no physical change to the aircraft (other than in circumstances when the TC holder has issued an approved flight manual supplement). An example is changing an aircraft from the Normal category to the Utility or Restricted category, etc. An STC will not normally be issued to: Approve minor changes; or Approve identical replacement aircraft parts unless some unique circumstance exists. One example of this is a situation when special instructions are necessary for installation of the replacement part. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 189 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Supplementary Type Certificate STC Summary AC 21-15(1) gives guidance to persons wishing to obtain a STC, which is one form of approval of the design of a major change to a type-certificated aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller. An STC is supplementary to the original TC. It does not change the previously issued TC. An STC for an Australian-designed aircraft means the type design defined by the TC, plus the change in type design described in the STC. An STC for an imported aircraft means the type design defined by the foreign TC mentioned in the Type Acceptance Certificate, plus the change in type design described in the STC. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 190 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type Acceptance Certificates A Type Acceptance Certificate (TAC) is a document issued by CASA to accept the design of a type of aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller approved via a foreign Type Certificate. TACs are issued to enable CofAs to be issued to imported aircraft. Each TAC will enable a CofA to be issued in one or more categories, i.e. Transport, Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, Commuter, Manned Free Balloons, Special Classes, Primary and Restricted. TACs are usually issued in the same category available under the foreign TC. If the foreign TC has not been issued for one of the categories above, CASA will determine the category to be shown on the TAC. Before CASA issues a TAC, a TC or an equivalent document and the continuing airworthiness data that is used under the foreign TC are made available to CASA, giving evidence that the type design has been approved by the NAA of the recognised country or EASA in the form of TC or equivalent document, and Continuing airworthiness data that is used under the foreign TC. A TAC is issued in respect of an aircraft type when the applicant does not have a TAC. The applicant for the TAC will be provided with a copy of the TAC. © CASA TAC Form for imported aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 191 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Application for a Type Certificate An application for a TC must be made to CASA. The application must be accompanied by a three-view drawing of that aircraft, the available preliminary basic data, and a description of the following: Engine design features Engine operating characteristics Proposed engine operating limitations. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 192 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type Certificate Data Sheet Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) is a document issued by the NAA. It describes the aircraft’s airworthiness requirements relating to: Specific type Make Model of aircraft. The TCDS also includes general information about the design of the aircraft, aircraft engine and propeller, such as: Dimensions Wing loading Limiting airspeeds Where applicable, approved engine/propeller combinations. FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet example 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 193 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Airworthiness Certification Meaning of Airworthiness Certification A Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA) means a Standard Certificate of Airworthiness or a Special Certificate of Airworthiness. A CofA (Standard or Special) is necessary for each individual aircraft on the Australian Civil Aircraft Register as one of the legal conditions for flying (unless the aircraft is operated under a Special Flight Permit (SFP). A Standard CofA means a Certificate of Airworthiness issued for an aircraft type certificated in the following categories: Normal Utility Acrobatic Commuter Transport Manned free balloon, or Aircraft in a special class. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 194 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Certification Categories and Designation Aircraft are categorised in two discrete areas: Operational Airworthiness. Operational applies to the way the aircraft is to be operated, i.e. transport, aerial work or private. This is referred to as its Classification of Operation. An aircraft Airworthiness Category is a grouping of aircraft types and models of generally similar characteristics, based on their proposed or intended use and operating limitations. Standard COAs are issued only to aircraft which meet prescribed Airworthiness Standards, such as: CASR Part 22 (a design standard for sailplanes, gliders and powered sailplanes) CASR Part 23 (a design standard for small aircraft) CASR Part 25 (a design standard for transport category aircraft) CASR Part 27 (a design standard for small rotorcraft in the normal category) CASR Part 29 (a design standard for large rotorcraft in the transport category) CASR Part 31 (a design standard for manned free balloons), or A one-off standard prescribed and published by CASA for special classes of aircraft. © Aviation Australia Initial certification Special CofAs or Special Flight Permits cover all other cases. For relevant information, refer to AC 21- 3 Special Certificates of Airworthiness – Overview. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 195 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  A Special CofA means a Certificate of Airworthiness issued for: An aircraft type-certificated in the: Primary, or Intermediate or Restricted category An aircraft in the limited category, or An amateur-built aircraft accepted under an Amateur-Built Aircraft Acceptance (ABAA), A light sport aircraft covered by Regulation 21.186, A Provisional Certificate of Airworthiness, or An Experimental Certificate. Issuing a Special Certificate of Airworthiness The aircraft Registration Holder is eligible to apply for the CofA for that aircraft. A major prerequisite for the application for a Special CofA is that the aircraft must already be registered and on the Australian Civil Aircraft Register. A CofA can be issued to an aircraft which does not meet all the requirements for a Special CofA in one of the standard categories. But that aircraft must meet all the requirements for a CofA in one of the special categories. Note: That an aircraft with only a Special CofA must not be operated in international airspace or a foreign country without the specific permission of that country. Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness Any aircraft which does not have a Standard CofA cannot be operated unless it has been issued with a Special CofA (including an Experimental Certificate), or an SFP. The following is the regulatory oversight prescribed by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 196 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  The issue of a Restricted Category TC is a prerequisite for the issue of a special CofA in the Restricted category, meaning: The aircraft complies with Civil Airworthiness Standards or a specific design code. Aircraft can be of any shape, weight, engine configuration or size, and may be ex-military aircraft. Aircraft can only be operated for one or more special purposes for which the CofA is in force. Aircraft are only carrying persons who perform an essential function in the operation or are needed to accomplish the work activity directly associated with the special purpose. Restricted category aircraft cannot carry cargo for compensation or hire. Restricted category aircraft may also be eligible for CofAs in other categories. CASR 21.185 allows an Authorised Person or CASA to issue special CofAs for Restricted category aircraft to allow operation for designated special purpose operations as listed below: Agricultural operations Forest and wildlife conservation Firefighting Aerial surveying and patrolling Weather control Aerial advertising and glider towing Target towing and target designation Any other similar operation. ©Matthew Tregear photo Boeing 737 Fire Bomber Aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 197 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness Aircraft may be certificated with Restricted CofAs if they are: Manufactured specifically from the outset for the Restricted category (usually for agricultural applications) Certified in another category and altered for special purpose operations, e.g. the addition of winches for target towing OR Ex-military aircraft altered for special purpose operations, e.g. the fitment of water tanks for fire bombing Applying for Type Certification and Special CofAs issued for aircraft in the Restricted category in Australia is referred to in CASR Part 21 Subpart H. A Restricted category aircraft may be tasked in supporting a special purpose operation for which the TC and Special CofA were issued, e.g.: Bringing the aircraft to or from a place where maintenance on the aircraft is to be carried out, or has been carried out Carrying out a test of the aircraft following maintenance or rectification of defects OR Practice in flying the aircraft or training in a special purpose operation for which the aircraft is certificated. Aircraft manufactured for the Restricted category or aircraft that have been type-certificated in another category and altered for a special purpose operation must: Meet the applicable civil aircraft Airworthiness Standards; and Have no feature or characteristic of the aircraft that makes it unsafe when operated under the limitations prescribed for its intended use. These aircraft are type-certificated in the Restricted category under CASR Part 21.25. The levels of certification and the levels of safety may be reduced from those for aircraft meeting the airworthiness requirements of a standard aircraft category. However, through operating limitations and operating rules, such as aircraft flight manual limitations and/or regulatory requirements, equivalent levels of safety are maintained for the public. This regulation is not intended to eliminate any type certification procedural requirements, such as the need to address continuing airworthiness. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 198 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Certificates of Airworthiness Application Process (Aircraft Data) The relevant variables for sourcing data regarding an aircraft involved in a Standard CofA application are: Whether the aircraft is Australian or foreign manufactured Whether the aircraft has been based in Australia prior to the application, or whether it is being imported Whether the aircraft is new or used Whether the aircraft is a first-of-type (FOT) or first-of-model (FOM) for the purpose of the CofA application The age of the aircraft The modification status of the aircraft. Prior to an inspection by CASA, the following submission of data for all aircraft will assist in the processing of an application for the issue of a CofA: The Certificate of Registration Evidence that there is an Australian TC or TAC in force for the aircraft type and model Evidence that the particular aircraft complies with the type design Evidence by way of logbooks or equivalent maintenance records for the aircraft The current weight and balance report A copy of the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM). Additional data will be required for used aircraft, aged aircraft, imported aircraft and modified aircraft. If an aircraft is one of a type manufactured in Australia, then there should be few complications associated with the provision of data necessary for design conformance. Type certification would have been carried out by CASA and if an aircraft type of foreign manufacture has previously been issued with an Australian CofA, then some form of Australian TAC or equivalent document will have been issued for the type. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 199 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Australian aircraft Foreign Aircraft CASA may automatically issue an Australian TAC for an aircraft type that has a current TC issued to it by one or more of the seven recognised overseas authorities: Federal Aviation Administration of the USA (FAA) Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA) Direction Generale de l’Aviation Civile (DGAC) of France Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (CAANZ) Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom (CAAUK) Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport (ILT) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) of the Federal Republic of Germany European Aviation Safety Agency (for member states). 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 200 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Duration of the CofA CASR (1998) Part 21 A Certificate of Airworthiness continues to be in force: If a period is specified in the certificate – until the end of the period; or Until it is cancelled. A Certificate of Airworthiness for an aircraft stops being in force if: The aircraft ceases to be registered in Australia Any Type Certificate or Type Acceptance Certificate issued for the type of aircraft is not in force. The holder of a CofA must, on request, make it available for inspection by CASA or the authorised person. Import Airworthiness Approvals For a Standard CofA for an aircraft imported into Australia, the applicant is to ensure that the aircraft has been issued an Export CofA to Australia by the NAA of the exporting country. Failure to obtain such a document will require the applicant to provide other equivalent documentation to substantiate the airworthiness status of the imported aircraft. Export Airworthiness Approvals Export airworthiness approvals of aircraft engines, propellers, and Class II and III products are issued in the form of airworthiness tags/release notes. CASA Form 1 is the approved form for an Authorised Release Certificate (ARC) for an aeronautical product in relation to manufacture or production under Part 21 and Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) for an aeronautical product in relation to maintenance under Part 42. In the case of Class III standard parts, the release note or invoice is taken to be the export airworthiness approval. Standard parts may be exported, depending on the importing country’s requirements, under a Certificate of Conformity or material reports. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 201 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aeronautical Product Classification CASR Part 21 Classifications CASR Part 21 has five classifications of aircraft products: A Class I product An Unapproved Class I product A Class II product A Class III product An Overhauled product. These classifications are applicable to the requirements for the issue of export airworthiness approvals and to rules governing the holders of those approvals. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 202 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Class I Products A Class I product means the following: The complete aircraft The complete aircraft engine The complete propeller. The product must have been type-certificated in accordance with CASR Part 21 and civil specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheets must have been issued for it. OR The product must be identical to a type-certificated product in all respects except as is otherwise acceptable to the NAA of the importing state. Photo by Pexels Commercial aircraft 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 203 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Unapproved Class I Products An Unapproved Class I product means: A complete aircraft A complete aircraft engine A complete propeller: Designed by or for a manufacturer in a foreign country, For which an application for a Foreign Type certificate has been made, and For which NO Foreign Type Certificate has been issued. Class II Products A Class II product is a major component of a Class I product, for example: Wings Fuselages Empennage assemblies Landing gear assemblies Power transmissions Control surfaces. The failure of such products would jeopardise the safety of a Class I product. Photo by Olivier Cleynen A landing gear assembly is a Class II product 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 204 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Class III Products A Class III product is any part or component which is not a Class I or a Class II product. They include standard parts, fasteners, etc., such as: Rivets Nuts Bolts Electrical fittings Fluid line fittings Filters. Photo by Glenn Brasch Propeller bolts are Class III products 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 205 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Overhauled Product An overhauled product is a component or product that has not been operated or placed in service since having been overhauled. Except for functional testing, such a product is inspected and approved for return to service in accordance with the regulations. Overhauled product 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 206 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Production Certification CAR 1988 and CASR 1998 require that all aircraft and aeronautical products be approved before use. The approval process for aircraft and aeronautical products requires that their production, inspection and testing be carried out in a controlled environment. The certification of an organisation manufacturing aircraft and aeronautical products provides control of the production environment. A Production Certificate is a production approval under the provision of Subpart 21.G to manufacture aircraft and aeronautical products including: Aircraft Aircraft engines Propellers Materials Parts Processes and appliances Identification of aircraft and aeronautical products. The Subpart 21.G certification scheme defines clear roles and accountabilities for applicants, CASA and Production Certificate holders. Production Certificate Holder: Responsibility The holder of a Production Certificate must maintain the quality system in conformity with the manual approved under Regulation 21.143. The holder of a Production Certificate for a Class I product must ensure that each finished product is manufactured under the authority of the certificate and submitted for airworthiness certification or approval, conforms to the type design for the product and is in a condition for safe operation. The holder of a Production Certificate for Class II, Class III or Unapproved Class I products must ensure that each product manufactured under the authority of the certificate and submitted for approval conforms to the product design and is in a condition for safe operation. 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 207 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Parts 22, 23, 25, 27 and 29 CASR Airworthiness Standards The following CASR 1998 parts are Airworthiness Standards that are designated to Aircraft Airworthiness categories, including Parts 22, 23, 25, 27 and 29. © Aviation Australia Aircraft airworthiness 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 208 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 22 This code was developed to specify the Airworthiness Standards for: Sailplanes, such as gliders and powered sailplanes (such as motorised gliders). Utility category sailplanes and powered sailplanes intended for normal soaring flight, including limited aerobatic operation. Aerobatic category sailplanes and powered sailplanes intended for acrobatic operation. Photo by Claudia Schmalz from Pexels Glider 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 209 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 23 This code prescribes Airworthiness Standards for the issue of TCs and for changes to those certificates for aeroplanes in the following categories: Normal Utility Aerobatic Commuter. Aircraft Cessna 2024-10-01 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 210 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only