Pre-Hispanic Era Architecture - PDF

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4 ARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO ASST. PROF. ELMER M. SOLIMAN JR COURSE OUTLINE 1. Pre-Hispanic Era 2. Spanish Colonial Era 3. American and Japanese Era 4. Post World-War II Era 5. Late Twentieth Century 6. The New Millennium 1. PRE-HISPANIC ERA EARLY PHILIPPINE...

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4 ARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO ASST. PROF. ELMER M. SOLIMAN JR COURSE OUTLINE 1. Pre-Hispanic Era 2. Spanish Colonial Era 3. American and Japanese Era 4. Post World-War II Era 5. Late Twentieth Century 6. The New Millennium 1. PRE-HISPANIC ERA EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Architecture has began as a response to nature. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER PREHISTORIC BUILDING TYPES Caves Lean-to shelters Arboreal shelters PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER CAVE DWELLINGS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings Prehistoric Cave shelters were the earliest form of human habitations Predated the emergence of Homo Sapiens Require minimal site- works and modification Made from excavation rather than construction PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings Pleistocene People Earliest dwellers of caves in the Philippines Offsprings of Iced Aged Theory of Land / Tulay na Lupa PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TABON CAVE Most antiquated and perhaps the largest Tabon Caves, dubbed as the Philippines' Cradle of Civilization Located at Lipuun Point, north of Quezon municipality, Palawan Island The caves are named after the Philippine Tabon Megapode/Scrufowl bird. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TABON CAVE The Tabon Caves complex has 29 explored caves where only seven of which are open for public viewing. The major caves open to the public are Tabon Cave, Diwata Cave, Igang Cave, and Liyang Cave. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TABON CAVE The Tabon Man was discovered in the caves, one of the oldest remnants of human inhabitants found in the Philippines. Other remains that were excavated have remained onsite and have yet to be examined in detail. The largest, cave periodically dwelt in prehistoric families 30,000 years ago PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TABON CAVE Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves Dating from 890–710 B.C. The two prominent figures at the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the after life PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TABON CAVE In 2006, the Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun was added to the tentative list of the Philippines for future UNESCO World Heritage Site nomination. The complex is managed by the National Museum and was declared as a National Cultural Treasure by the same institution in February 2011. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TAU’T-BATU CAVE The Tau't Batu, or 'People of the Rock' live here and they are the last discovered tribe in the Philippines Singnapan Valley in southern Palawan Fear of thunder Believe that their world is inhabited by a vast population of of forest, rock, and water spirits. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TAU’T-BATU CAVE Shelter more than on family Datag - The basic sleeping platform. Made from tree branches and dried leaves and built inside the cave, raised slightly above the ground modular sleeping platform incorporated with a fireplace PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings TAU’T-BATU CAVE Shelter more than on family Datag - The basic sleeping platform. Made from tree branches and dried leaves and built inside the cave, raised slightly above the ground modular sleeping platform incorporated with a fireplace PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS Oldest known work of art in the Philippines located in the province of Rizal. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rockwall dating back to 3000 BC. Evidence of ancient Filipino’s attempt to embellish his place of domain with symbolic values PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS Inscriptions of stylized human figures, frogs and lizards, along with other designs Erosion may have caused it to become indistinguishable. Petro (stone) Glyph (illustration) PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings ANGONO PETROGLYPHS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings CALLAO CAVE Located in the Municipality of Peñablanca, Cagayan province The seven-chamber showcave is one of 300 caves for tourism Named as Peñablanca (Spanish for white rocks) for the presence of white limestone rocks in the area. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings CALLAO CAVE Callao man refers to fossilized remains discovered in Callao Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan In 2007 by Armand Salvador Mijares. Specifically, they find a single 61-millimeter metatarsal which was found to be about 67,000 years old. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings CALLAO CAVE Researchers also believe that Aetas, mountain dwellers today on Luzon Island, could be descendants of the Callao Man PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings CALLAO CAVE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Cave Dwellings CALLAO CAVE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelters PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter Ephemeral Architecture was one of the first artifacts created by humans. Temporary Shelter Readily Available materials and limited investment in time and energy PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter Demountable Fundamental act of building was practiced by nomads in form the windbreak (lean-to), windscreen or windshield Wind-sun-and rain screen anchored by a pole or stick an angle on the ground. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter The basic concept of architecture Lean-to They carry their shelter, they don't need permanent settlement PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Lean-to Shelter Lean-to Shelter 1. Hawong - Pinatubo Aeta constructed with a ridge pole supported by forked stakes or limbs 2. Panahang - Agta & Casiguran damages aetas from aurora 3. Dait-Dait – Mamanua Aeta from Mindanao used when hunting. Made of wild banana leaves, coconut fronds with grass of rattan. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters Dwelling on high trees or Tree Houses First shelter to be constructed were made of interlocking branches. Architectural institution fashioned by nature 20, 30 to 60 ft above ground for protection against animal & human enemies PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters Tinguian, in Palan Abra, had a separate daytime and nocturnal abode Small hutof bamboo and thatch built on the ground for day abode Alligang, smaller and rested on the top of a tree, 18-24 meters from the ground, safe guard from nighttime ambush. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters Built and used by Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon, the Manobo and Mandaya of Mindanao and by the Maranao of Lake Lanao It can be found in areas where violent intertribal conflicts and nocturnal raids are frequent PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters These houses are perched on the Fork Branches of trees 6, 12, or 18 meters above ground Other reasons, to protect the families living in isolated communities from the animal attacks and human enemies PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Arboreal Shelters Arboreal Shelters PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER RICE TERRACES PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces The Prehistoric Megastructure The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras is an outstanding example of an evolved, living cultural landscape that can be traced as far back as two millennia ago in the pre-colonial Philippines. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces Carved into the mountains The technique used to mountainous terrain has created a terraced landscape Testament to Philippine Modern Engineering PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces Up to 6 meters High Stone Walls Exceeded the amount of stones of Egypt Pyramids and Great wall of China PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were declared National Treasure The terraces are likewise protected by the Republic Act No 10066, providing for the protection and conservation of the National Cultural Heritage. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces PRE-HISPANIC ERA  EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER Rice Terraces Rice Terraces 3 Basic Elements 1. Terrace Space 2. Embankment 3. Soil Body PRE-HISPANIC ERA END OF EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTER PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Derived from the Latin “vernaculus”, meaning domestic, native, indigenous Folk, indigenous, tribal, ethnic and traditional architecture Category of architecture based on local needs and construction materials and reflecting local traditions PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Rearranging the environment it becomes architecture. Protection from animals tribe and natural Calamities PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 1. The builders, whether artisans or those who planning to live in the buildings, are non professional architect or engineer PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 2. There is consonant adaptation, using natural materials, to the geographical PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 2. There is consonant adaptation, using natural materials, to the geographical PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 3. The actual process of construction involves intuitive thinking, done without the use of blueprints or any for construction drawings PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 4. There is balance between social/economic functionality and aesthetic features PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 5. Architectural patterns and styles are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an ethnic domain. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture THE FIVE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 5. Architectural patterns and styles are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an ethnic domain. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Vernacular buildings also demonstrates the achievements and limitations of early technology. Utilizing technologies learned only through tradition. Can address the most common of structural problems with simplicity and logical arrangement of elements. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Philippine Vernacular architecture inspired the invention of a new structural system which made possible the soaring skyscrapers of Chicago school Structural logic and architectonic principle: steel-frame to replace the Philippine wooden frame construction of bahay kubo PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Philippine Vernacular architecture inspired the invention of a new structural system which made possible the soaring skyscrapers of Chicago school Tectonic principle: iron steel frame to replace timber and bamboo PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY Southeast Asian culture descendants The term Austronesian peoples refers to a population group present in Southeast Asia or Oceania who speak, or had ancestors who spoke, one of the Austronesian languages. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY Water born lifestyle Manifest vernacular Architecture PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY In the Philippines, vernacular architecture professes strong allegiance to a greater Austronesian Building Heritage PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY ARCHETYPAL AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE “Stilt Houses” An Austronesian Legacy Raised Wooden Structure Rectangular Structure PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY ARCHETYPAL AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE “Stilt Houses” Elevated Post Thatch Pitch Roof with extended ridges PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY ARCHETYPAL AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE Aquatic base of life Settlement has a direct connection to bodies of water PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AUSTRONESIAN ANCESTRY ARCHETYPAL AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE Water is the means of transportation Communities are developed along sheltered base and coastal areas PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Bahay Kubo Pure, Southeast asian type of domestic architecture found in non-hispanized, non- anglosaxon communities in the country House / tahanan / tirahan Cube House PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Balai / Bahay Archetypal Tropical Characteristic 1. Elevated living floor 2. Buoyant Rectangular volume 3. Raised pile foundation 4. Voluminous thatched roof PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Balai / Bahay Examples of South East Asian Houses PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Balai / Bahay Examples of South East Asian Houses PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE BOTANIC BUILDING MATERIALS Timber Bamboo Thatch Fibers PRE-HISPANIC ERA BUILDING MATERIALS  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element Buildings with pile or stilt foundations are a pervasive feature not only in the mainland and island southeast asia PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element FOUNDATION It is usually build with wooden post as its framework. It has several advantages in a tropical climate. Especially when settlement patterns are mainly concentrated in coastal, riverside, and lakeshores Underfloor space often used as pen for stabling domestic animals and as a place for storage TWO OPTIONS: SUPERSEDED PILE/STILTS OR ROLLERS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element VOLUMINOUS THATCH ROOF The most distinctive feature of the Austronesian vernacular architectural form is EXTENDED LINE OF THE ROOF, often with outward sloping gables forming elegant saddleback curves. Cases seen as pyramidal Grasses and palm leaves are the most widely used traditional materials. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Post and lintel method of construction Walls and floors do not constitutes a parts of the main load-bearing elements but may brace the structure as a whole. Framing system consist of vertical studs slotted into horizontal sills PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Assembled without nails Tongue & grove mortise, tenon, lapped and notched jointing system PRE-HISPANIC ERA  PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Structural Element CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Walls may consist of matting, palm leaves folded round a lath and stiched together (banig) Plaited with bamboo As well as wooden boards and panels depending on the use and status of the building PRE-HISPANIC ERA  END OF PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE PRE-HISPANIC ERA REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES REGIONAL HOUSES UPLAND and LOWLAND houses have acquired distinct architectural features because of difference of environmental conditions and site contexts Lowland Dwellings – Open, airy interior Highlands – Sealed of solid planks, having few or no windows as defense against the cold upland climate PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES REGIONAL HOUSES BATANES “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES REGIONAL HOUSES BATANES “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” Ivatan Idjang Defensive Engineering of the Early Ivatan settlers PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” Ivatan Idjang Defensive Engineering of the Early Ivatan settlers PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” ABORIGINAL IVATAN - made up of wood, bamboo and thatched PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” ABORIGINAL IVATAN - made up of wood, bamboo and thatched PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” ABORIGINAL IVATAN - made up of wood, bamboo and thatched PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” Dominican Friars introduced the Cal y Canto technique Stone and Mortar Construction In row on the steep terrain of mountain hill slopes PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” Dominican Friars introduced the Cal y Canto technique A Fireplace was built at one end of the house. PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE Cogon grass is the main roofing material Villages located on the slopes or peaks of hills Huts were low, partly because high structures would easily toppled by the strong winds PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE Walls are made of stones held together by FANGO, a mortar formed by mixing mud and cogon Batanes island did not possess enough timber resources nor appropriate tools for larger construction PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE PANPET- ROOF NET made of ropes fastened securely to the ground by a strong pegs PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” RAKUH - 2 IVATAN HOUSE STOREY IVATAN WINDOWLESS HOUSE PART ORIENTED TO With 2 THE windows and STORMINDS door built on three walls, while the 4th wall faces the direction of the strongest wind. thick stone + mortar (limestone walls) reed, rattan, cogon or bamboo gable or hip roofs strong enough to withstand typhoons and earthquakes north – south orientation one windowless wall facing strong winds PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE Classified according to roof configuration Maytuab (hip roof) & Sinadumparan (gable roof) PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE Sinadumparan Building Anatomy PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES BATANES - “IVATAN ARCHITECTURE” IVATAN HOUSE Sinadumparan Building Anatomy PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES REGIONAL HOUSES CORIDILLERA REGION PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION According to William Henry Scott in his book “of igorots and independence” 1593 gold mine diggers and traders to Ilocos region Dominicans evangelized Pangasinan and Nueva Vizcaya Pangasinan and some parts of Ilocos are Igorot lowland territories Failure of Evangelization PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE NORTHERN STRAIN SOUTHERN STRAIN IGOROT(Mountain chain dwellers) PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION END OF HEAD HUNTERS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION END OF HEAD HUNTERS PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION CORDILLERA PEOPLE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION Cordillera Building Examples THE NORTHERN STRAIN Consists of houses made by the ISNEG & KALINGA Isneg With rectangular plan covered by high gabled roof Kalinga having Octagonal plan & three divided floorings Roof framing is independent of the floor framework PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION Cordillera Building Examples THE SOUTHERN STRAIN Consists of houses made by the IFUGAO, BONTOC, IBALOI AND KANKANAY With Square plan covered by high gabled roof. Roof framing is dependent of the floor framework PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION Cordillera Building Examples THE NORTHERN STRAIN PRE-HISPANIC ERA ISNEG CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON Windowless Low walls & roof, which keep the inhabitant warm 0.9 raised above the ground Distinguishes itself from the typical cordillera house by its boat like appearance. Apayao is the only region in cordillera with a NAVIGABLE RIVER Located in Apayao Province PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON rectangular plan high gable roof bowed to a shape of a boat (BARANAY) roof framing independent from floor framework PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON The largest among the most substantially constructed houses in the cordilleras PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON Binuron practical feature is its ROLL UP FLOOR made from long reeds PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON Binuron platform can be converted, to be used for rituals, ceremonies and meetings PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON Binuron extension structure is TARAKIP PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - BINURON Binuron roof feature is the bamboo tubes are split in two, laid in Alternating face-down-face-up arrangement in their sides interlocking together PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples ISNEG - ALANG Rice storage/ granary PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Theory House as womb; Space Concept Basket like Stretch leg-like ladder Comparison to the tudong or rain cape for women Interior suggest as a womb Occupants of most houses are usually only the husband & wife and perhaps children. It is a symbol of fertility PRE-HISPANIC ERA KALINGA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA BINAYON the octagonal shaped plan FORUY the square shaped plan PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - BINAYON octagonal in plan three divided floorings, lowest in the center PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - BINAYON octagonal in plan three divided floorings, lowest in the center PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - BINAYON octagonal in plan three divided floorings, lowest in the center PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - BINAYON PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - BINAYON PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - FORUY Elevated, Rectangular, One room house Made of timber materials Roof is made from 8-10 layers of cut bamboo laid one above other Removable wall panel for ventilation Elevated wall along perimeter of the wall PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - FORUY PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - FORUY PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA - FORUY PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KALINGA PRE-HISPANIC ERA  REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES CORDILLERA REGION Cordillera Building Examples THE SOUTHERN STRAIN PRE-HISPANIC ERA BONTOC CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples Ili’s 3 Basic Residential Structures Bontoc Ili – Bontoc Village ATO men's meeting place / council house / dormitory for the young and old unmarried males. ULOG/OLOG - Dormitory for female. A public structure where young women of marriageable age go to sleep at night AFONG- Family Residence or Bontoc House PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples Classification of Bontoc Structures ATO men's meeting place / council house / dormitory for the young and old unmarried males. PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG House within a house Windowless Shelter for people, rice, chicken, pigs With attic PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - AFUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Katyufong For the poor Smaller & enclosed Stone-walled PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Katyufong Katyufong or Kol-lob is the residence for widows and unmarried old women PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC - Katyufong For the poor PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Fayu For the Rich Open and Relatively Large 3.6 – 4.5 Meters.4m Door Opening Windowless PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Fayu For the Rich Open and Relatively Large 3.6 – 4.5 Meters PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Akhamang Rice Granaries PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Al-Lang Repository of food and other supplies PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – Falinto-og Pigpens PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC – PABAFUNAN Open court where people gathers to perform rituals PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples BONTOC PRE-HISPANIC ERA IFUGAO CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO 12 to 30 houses, situated amid rice terraces and often near a spring or grove PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE/BALE Three Layer Structure Square Plan Pyramidal or conical roof Windowless 12-15 SQM PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE/BALE Three Layer Structure Square Plan Pyramidal or conical roof Windowless 12-15 SQM PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE/BALE Three Layer Structure Square Plan Pyramidal or conical roof Windowless 12-15 SQM PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE/BALE PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE/BALE Halipan – rat guard 1.2 to 1.8m from ground PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – BUL-UL Carved granary guardians PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – ABONG House for the poor PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE For wealthy family PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE For wealthy family PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – KANYAW has been popularized by lowland brethren which collectively refers to any ritual dancing by indigenous peoples of the Cordillera. Part parcel of the Ifugao ritual life. Pig and Carabao skulls, the remains of sacrificial animals are proudly displayed PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – KANYAW PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – HAGABI prestige bench of upper class PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – HAGABI prestige bench of upper class PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – HAGABI prestige bench of upper class PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION Two-year construction and can be dismantled in a day 5-6 generations PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION Gateways made of vertical sharp edges stones PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples IFUGAO – FALE CONSTRUCTION Photo courtesy: NCCA Subject: The Batad Ifugao House Restoration and Conservation Initiative with Board Res. No. 2010-367 The Batad Rice Terraces Rice Cluster Restoration Project Board Res. No. 2012-122 PRE-HISPANIC ERA KANKANAY CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY A typical village with 700 inhabitants Slopes of hills or mountains are flattened so that houses can be built. Main types of dwelling Binangiyan – Kankanay Abode Apa/Inapa & Allao - dwellings for poorer family PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY - BINANGIYAN Has a resemblance to Fale Pyramidal in form Box-like compartment – a single-room dwelling with spacious attic (baeg) PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY - BINANGIYAN Has a resemblance to Fale Pyramidal in form Box-like compartment – a single-room dwelling with spacious attic (baeg) PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY - BINANGIYAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY – BABAYAN BAEY PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY- BABAYAN BAEY PRE-HISPANIC ERA CORDILLERA REGION REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES Cordillera Building Examples KANKANAY- BABAYAN BAEY PRE-HISPANIC ERA END OF REGIONAL HOUSE TYPES PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SPACE PRE-HISPANIC ERA  MUSLIM SPACE ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES The earliest evidence of Muslim presence was in Sulu during the 14th century Islam was establish to the rest of Mindanao during 15th Century PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE Religion Congregational Worship Permanent and Separate Architecture “Twahid” means Unity of Allah PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE Five Pillars (pattern of a quincunx) Architecturally derived from early Christian Churches Two Types Masjid Langgal (Tausug and Yakan) & Ranggar (Maranao) PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE Chinese Pagoda and Japanese Temple Inspired PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE Pagoda-style Mosque - used by Muslims throughout Islamic areas in the Philippines prior to the importation of the Arabian-style mosque architecture. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE These mosques have eight, five, or three tiers Pathways to heaven.. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE The pagoda-style mosque building is currently an endangered art form in the Philippines, as most mosques are now built in the Domed/Arabian- style. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE There is a dearth knowledge regarding the evolution of mosque typology in the Philippines. 1. Much of the earliest types of mosques constructed by early missionaries were made of temporary materials like wood, bamboo, and cogon which do not last for years PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE 2. The remaining earlier types were either demolished, destroyed during earthquakes, or were reconstructed / remodeled to conform to modern architectural types sourced from Middle- Easter designs PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE 3. The yearly pilgrimage to Mecca radically changed all earliest types PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – FEATURES Crescent and Star Ornament Information on the origins of the symbol are difficult to confirm, but most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship of the sun, moon and sky gods. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – FEATURES OKIR CARVING and BURAK (a mythical winged creature, half-human, half-horse) PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque Oldest mosque in the Philippines Barangay Tubig Indangan, Simunul, Tawi- Tawi Built on 1380 PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – FEATURES Sheik Karimol Makhdum Mosque Square in Plan Undergone lot of Construction PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE Masjid Al-Dahab or Golden Mosque Modernized Style of Mosque Built on 1976 Maranao Okir Patterns PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE - Masjid Place of Worship Bulbous Dome – vault of heaven Minaret Ablution Area or Wudu PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE - Masjid Large and Permanent Construction Stone Foundation Near bodies of Water where the faithful perform rituals of ablution PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – Masjid Originally a multi-tiered bamboo To accommodate light and air PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – Langgal / Ranggar Smaller Place of Worship Light and Semi Permanent Rural Areas PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – Langgal / Ranggar These are the oldest form of mosque in the Philippines. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE PHILIPPINE MOSQUE – Langgal / Ranggar The langgal/ranggar-style mosques are still being built and used in Islamic areas in the Philippines, especially in rural areas. PRE-HISPANIC ERA PHILIPPINE MUSLIM CONCEPT OF SPACE MUSLIM SPACE ISLAMIC PLACES OF PRAYERS Masjid – Daily Prayer Jami – Congregational Friday Prayer Idgah/Musalla – Worship on Special Occasions PRE-HISPANIC ERA  MUSLIM SPACE MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Forts and Royal Residence Early Filipinos constructed forts or KOTA A fortified settlement bordered by a palisade, which series of long strong timber stakes pointed at the top and set close to each other to form a defense wall Mindanao Sulu Archipelago Manila Examples: Kota of Raja Sulayman in Manila Kota of Sultan Kudarat in Lamitan PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Mindanao and Sulu Vernacular Houses Distinct archipelagic features of Sulu and the Mindanao Terrestrial and Naval Architecture PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE 3 House Categories of Muslim Community 1. Land Based Stilted Dwellings – Situated along shoreline 2. Oceanic Dwellings – built completely over the sea and entirely detached from shoreline 3. Houseboats – serves as both home and fishing boat of Badjao PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE MARANAO PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses “People of the Lake” The largest indigenous group in Mindanao Three types of Maranao House Lawig - Small House Mala-a-walai – Large House Torogan – Residence of Datu and his extended family PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – LAWIG Small House Raised above grounds with stilts Outdoor cooking area PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – LAWIG Mainly used for sleeping Usually single family unit dwelling PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – Mala-a-walai Mala–a-walai is a single room and partitionless structure A house of a well-to-do family. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – Mala-a-walai The okir decorations are generally to be found on the baseboards, windowsills and doorjambs. without Panolong PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN House for Sultans & Datus arranged in a line along the river Multi-family dwelling PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Torogan structural integrity Post numbering to as many as 25, 22 load bearing 3 non-bearings. To assess the strength and Resilience, it is tradition to have TWO CARABAO FIGHT INSIDE THE STRUCTURE. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Panolong is the noticeable feature of Torogan Richly carved and colourful end-beam design that flares upward into sculptured wings PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Panolong is the noticeable feature of Torogan Richly carved and colourful end-beam design that flares upward into sculptured wings PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Panolong The Naga are the Sea Serpent/Dragon Pako Rabong are Growing Fern PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Panolong The Naga are the Sea Serpent/Dragon Pako Rabong are Growing Fern PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Panolong The Naga and Pako Rabong are alternately placed on the section of the house to symbolically capture the sun’s energy PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Interior PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN SPECIAL FEATURES/ORNAMENTS PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN SPECIAL FEATURES/ORNAMENTS PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN SPECIAL FEATURES/ORNAMENTS PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maranao Houses – TOROGAN Gibon/Paga – Room for Datu’s Daughter Lamin or tower built a top the house hiding the sultan’s daughter PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE MAGUINDANAO PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maguindanao Houses Close Resemblance to Maranao Dwellings One Room House without partition and ceiling PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Maguindanao Houses Nine Posts Okir Decorations, steep and graceful roofs Handcrafted ornaments PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE TAUSUG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses Tausug means “people of the current/taong dagat or alon” Second largest group of Muslim Filipinos and Foremost indigenous people in Sulu archipelago PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses Inland community are the TAU GIMBA Shoreline community are the TAU HIGAD Mangingita or Imam will choose the luckiest site PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG BAY SINUG – Traditional Tausug House PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG BAY SINUG – TAJUK PASUNG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG Made of Nine post symbolized the human body. They believe should built it as if a person were being formed. If you don’t follow the proper order in assembling the posts, it is believed that the house will not last. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG Made of Nine post symbolized the human body. They believe should built it as if a person were being formed. If you don’t follow the proper order in assembling the posts, it is believed that the house will not last. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG Wall slits as windows to conceal their unmarried woman inside PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Tausug Houses – BAY SINUG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE YAKAN PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Yakan Houses Yakans live in the mountainous interior of Basilan island Houses individually owned and occupied by one family. Clustered around langgal PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Yakan Houses – LUMAH Lumah - Traditional Yakan House Rectangular, rdiged roofed, single room pile structure of varying size and elevation from the ground. 50-100 SQM PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Yakan Houses – LUMAH No ceilings and few or no windows because of belief that the bad spirits could easily in through those openings. Often only one TINDAWAN(window) beside the long bench for guest PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Yakan Houses – LUMAH Walls are made in horizontally positioned wooden planks Or Sawali Lumah can last up to 15 years PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Yakan Houses – LUMAH Lumah Three Parts “kokan/tindakan”,main house w/ rituals and entertainment “kosina”, kitchen “pantan/simpey”, porch – for clothes PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE SAMAL PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses Samal mix on various islands with the Tausug who are dominant group in Jolo island but more in Borneo PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses Pile-driven support Connected to the shore and linked to one another by a catwalk PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses Silong is Boat Storage and area for bathing Single level for sleeping, cooking and eating. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses Silong is Boat Storage and area for bathing Single level for sleeping, cooking and eating. PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses No partitions or ornamentations Pantan – Open porch or terrace Receiving area, working area, hold rituals and playground PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses Samal Community in coastline PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses – Comfort Room PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Samal Houses – Comfort Room PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE BADJAO PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE BADJAO PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses sea gypsies from Zamboanga, Basilan, Jolo provinces, Tawi-tawi, and Palawan Samal Luwaan (outcast) Sama Dilaut (people of the ocean) Boat house use their shelters as a means of Travel Whether Nomadic or settled PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses Badjao boats vary in length and depending on the economic status of the owner PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses When all children have left, the old man of the house is expected to marry again or attempt to join another boat The death of the Family head transforms the boat into a coffin, making a symbolic mortuary piece to transport to dimension of afterlife PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses BADJAO TWO TYPES OF BOAT 1. Dapang/Vinta - Used for short Fishing trips PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses BADJAO TWO TYPES OF BOAT 2. Palaw - Permanent dwelling place or temporary lodging during fishing trips. TWO TYPES OF PALAW Lepa - lighter and faster houseboat - NO KATIG Jengning - bigger and heavier houseboat WITH KATIG PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – BOAT HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – BOAT HOUSE PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – BOAT HOUSE - JENGNING PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – BOAT HOUSE - LEPA PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – LUMA “Harun” (ladder) serves as wash area Mirrors are believed to drive away evil spirits PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – LUMA “Harun” (ladder) serves as wash area Mirrors are believed to drive away evil spirits PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE Badjao Houses – LUMA “Harun” (ladder) serves as wash area Mirrors are believed to drive away evil spirits PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG South Cotabato Home for the extended family ranging 8-16 persons Constructed with Bamboo Stilts 2 meters in height from the ground Addition post on side PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG South Cotabato Home for the extended family ranganing 8- 16 persons Constructed with Bamboo Stilts 2 meters in heightfrom the ground Addition post on side PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG 3 Interior Spaces Area of Honor Sleeping Area Vestibule PRE-HISPANIC ERA MUSLIM SECULAR ARCHITECTURE MUSLIM SPACE T’boli Houses – GUNU BONG 3 Interior Spaces Area of Honor Sleeping Area Vestibule PRE-HISPANIC ERA END OF MUSLIM SPACE PRE-HISPANIC ERA CONCLUSION PRE-HISPANIC ERA  Philippine Vernacular Architecture is a broad category Majority are dwelling constructed by community Vernacular lineage Granaries Fortification Worship Ephemeral Contemporary Urban shanties Vernacular Building Tradition is an Omni- present building practice and remain as an accessible idiom to the majority of the Filipinos PRE-HISPANIC ERA