Introduction to Information Systems PDF

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IS & ROLES OF IS Learning Outcome Learning Outcome: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Identify and describe the core components of information systems. Understand the role each component plays in the overall func...

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF IS & ROLES OF IS Learning Outcome Learning Outcome: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Identify and describe the core components of information systems. Understand the role each component plays in the overall functionality of an information system. Explain how these components work together to support organizational processes. Explain the various roles of information systems in organizations, including data management, information generation, decision support, and Improving efficiency. Analyze how information systems improve organizational efficiency and support effective decision-making. Recognize the importance of data quality in ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of information systems. DESCRIBE IN ONE WORD, WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM? SYSTEMS - A system is a set of interconnected components that work together to achieve a specific goal or function. It is structured with inputs, processes, and outputs, where each part plays a role in the overall operation. - A system is a set of parts or components working together towards a common goal. INFORMATION SYSTEMS - An information system (IS) is a coordinated set of components that collects, processes, stores, and distributes information to support decision-making and organizational functions. - Information system contain interrelated components that allow us to take and transform meaningless data into useful information for decision-making. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems are composed of various components that work together to achieve organizational objectives. These components include people who operate and manage the system, technology (hardware and software) that enables data processing, the data that is collected and analyzed, and the processes that define how tasks are completed and information is managed within the organization. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1. People - Definition: Individuals who interact with and use the information system. - Roles: Operate, manage, and maintain the system, and make decisions based on the information provided. - Example: Users IT professionals System administrators. Managers COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2.) Technology (Hardware) - Definition: Physical devices and equipment used in the system. - Roles: Provides the physical platform for software applications and data storage. - Example: Computers Servers Storage devices Network equipment. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2.) Technology (Software) - Definition:Programs and applications that process data and perform tasks. - Roles: Executes tasks, processes data, and provides interfaces for user interaction. - Example: Operating systems Application software Database management systems (DBMS). COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3.) Data - Definition: Raw facts and figures that are processed to create meaningful information. - Roles: Serves as the foundation for generating information and insights. - Example: Customer records Transaction logs Inventory data. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4.) Processes - Definition: The rules, policies, and procedures that govern the operation of the information system. - Roles: Ensures proper use and management of the information system. - Example: Data entry processes system maintenance schedules backup protocols. HOW COMPONENTS WORK TOGETHER? All components work together to ensure the system functions as intended. Each part plays a crucial role in maintaining the system's overall efficiency and effectiveness. Workflow Examples: Data Collection - Hardware (sensors, input devices) collects data. Data Processing - Software processes the collected data. Data Storage - Data is stored in databases (Software + Hardware). Data Analysis - Data is analyzed to generate reports or insights. Decision-Making - Users (People) use the information for decisions and actions. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE Example: Hospital Information System Hardware: Medical devices, computers Software: Electronic health records (EHR), appointment scheduling Data: Patient records, medical histories Processes: Patient intake, billing processes People: Doctors, nurses, administrative staff Roles of Information System The goal of an information system is to transform data into information in order to generate knowledge that can be used for decision-making. By processing and analyzing raw data, information systems provide meaningful insights that help organizations identify trends, solve problems, and seize opportunities. Ultimately, this enables businesses to make informed decisions that drive growth, efficiency, and competitive advantage. Roles of Information System (DATA QUALITY) Data Quality - refers to how good and reliable data is. High-quality data is accurate, complete, up-to-date, and easy to access and understand, making it useful for making decisions and solving problems. Roles of Information System ATTRIBUTES OF DATA QUALITY Accuracy - Ensures the data is correct and free from errors, which is crucial for making reliable decisions. Completeness - Indicates that all necessary data is present and accounted for, allowing for a full and accurate analysis. Consistency - Maintains uniformity of data across different sources and systems, ensuring no contradictions or discrepancies. Roles of Information System ATTRIBUTES OF DATA QUALITY Coherence - Ensures that data logically fits together and remains aligned across different contexts, enhancing its reliability and meaning. Timeliness - Reflects that data is up-to-date and available when needed, which is essential for timely decision-making. Consistency - Means that data is well-structured and follows a clear standard, making it easier to understand and use. Roles of Information System ATTRIBUTES OF DATA QUALITY Relevance - Ensures that the data is applicable and useful for the specific purpose it’s intended for, helping users focus on what matters most. ROLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRY 1. Data Management - Collects Data from various part of the system. Sales Inventory Finance HR - Store it in a Centralized Data ROLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRY 2.) Information Generation - The System Processes this Data and turns into meaningful information. Reports Dashboard Analytics - Helps managers understand how business is performing ROLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRY 3.) Decision Support - It provides the necessary insights and trends that helps manager make strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. ROLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRY 4.) Improving Efficiency - By automating data collection & reporting, Information System reduce the time and effort to gather information, allowing businesses on improving operations. DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE & WISDOM ACTIVITY #1 Activity Instructions: In this activity, you will work in pairs or small groups to identify the components of one information systems. Create a Real-World example, list the hardware, software, data, processes, and people involved. Use the examples provided to guide your thinking. Minimum is 3 examples in each components and explain each. Discuss it in front of the class.