Holy Cross of Davao College Art Appreciation Course Pack (HUMM 101) PDF

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DA...

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE Revision Number Sta. Ana Avenue corner C. De Guzman Street 00 Barangay 14-B, Davao City Philippines Effectivity Date October 3, 2023 Course Pack in ART APPRECIATION (HUMM 101) [Image] http://www.pngall.com/art-png/download/32572 This is a property of Holy Cross of Davao College. No part of this course pack may be reproduced or photocopied without a written consent from authorized school administrators. HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Course Information 1 Module 1 Introduction to Humanities 5 Lesson 1 Humanities and Art Appreciation: An Introduction 6 Lesson 2 Aesthetic Arts and Crafts 11 Lesson 3 The Western Art History 17 Module 2 Filipino Arts 27 Lesson 1 Pre-Colonial Art and Famous 28 Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines Lesson 2 The Artistic Handicrafts and Handicraft Materials in the 34 Philippines Lesson 3 The Philippine GAMABA Awards and 38 National Artist Award Module 3 Visual Arts 45 Lesson 1 Painting 46 Lesson 2 Sculpture 55 Lesson 3 Photography 60 Module 4 Performing Arts 72 Lesson 1 Music 73 Lesson2 Drama 80 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  COURSE INFORMATION Document Title: Course Pack in HUM 101 Subject Title: Humanities Course Code: HUM 101 Units: 3 Course Description: Arts Appreciation No. of Hours: 54 Course Prerequisite: None Course Overview Art Appreciation is a broad topic that provides a foundation for viewing, comprehending, and enjoying art. It includes sections on Aesthetic Arts and Crafts, Western Art History, Filipino Art and Crafts, Paintings, Sculptures, Photography, Music, and Drama, as well as a primer on Humanities and Art Appreciation. In all of their forms, these arts bring beauty and pleasure to the lives of the students. Students will increase their ability to interact with people and build a new set of abilities for self-expression and communication by creating art in this subject. Because social media has made nothing intolerable, it is good to cultivate our creativity and appreciate all facets of the arts. Knowing the fundamentals of art and putting them to use in our daily lives can help us develop a more optimistic view. The ability to freely express our creativity will allow us to impact and touch the hearts of others. To gain the competencies expected of you, this course pack is structurally designed in this manner. Module 1: Introduction to Humanities Module 2: Filipino Arts and Crafts Module 3: Visual Arts Module 4: Performing Arts Page 1 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 At the end of the course, learners are expected to be capable to:  Demonstrate knowledge of human culture concerning values expressed in works of Art  Demonstrate understanding of the practical, historical, philosophical, and social relevance of the skills; and  Comprehend visual principles and elements through hands-on activities  Participate in critical analysis of the visual arts;  Apply the formal and proper elements and principles of design to form an aesthetic judgment; and  Develop their talent to appreciate, analyze, and critique works of Art;  Cultivate an appreciation of the arts as being fundamental to society;  Express their competency in researching and curating art as well as conceptualizing, mounting, and evaluating art productions; and  Explain the purposes and procedures of the visual arts in their historical framework You are encouraged to complete each module and actively participate. All activities have been created just for you for each lesson. Doing so maximizes your learning and enhances your abilities in the target areas. You may establish connections with your friends as you do your self-paced learning. Also, you may contact your teacher for help in case you need more clarifications. Wishing you all the best and good luck! Stay safe! Suppose you have questions or clarification regarding the subject, the module activities, or other concerns. In that case, I will be providing you with my personal information so that you can easily contact me. Instructor’s Name: Email address: Facebook: Course Output: 1) Artworks (Painting, Sculpture, and Photography) 2) Demonstration (Music and Drama) Page 2 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Grading System: Prelim Grade Quizzes, Recitation, Journal, Assignment, etc. 50% Prelim Exam 25% Midterm Exam 25% 100% Tentative Final Grade Quizzes, Recitation, Assignment, etc. 50% Final Exam 25% 100% Final Grade = Midterm Grade + Tentative Final Grade 2 Page 3 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Course Outline and Time Frame Module Module Title Lessons Week Coverage 1 Introduction to 1 Humanities and Art 1-3 (Prelim) Humanities Appreciation: An 2 Introduction 3 Aesthetic Arts and Crafts The Western Art History 2 Filipino Arts and 1 Pre-Colonial Art and 4-7 (Midterm) Crafts Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines 2 The Artistic Handicrafts and Handicraft Materials in the Philippines 3 The Philippine GAMABA Awards and National Artist Award 3 Visual Arts 1 Paintings 8-12 (SemiFinal) 2 Sculpture 3 Photography 4 Performing Arts 1 Music 13-16 (Final) 2 Drama Page 4 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Module 1 Introduction to Humanities Module Overview: In this module, you will learn terminologies, the process, and the development of arts and humanities. You will discover how the arts started and how they helped people of different generations. Knowing the basics and its history will deepen your understanding and love for the arts. Module Objectives/ After you complete this module, you are expected to: Outcomes Understand the significance of Humanities and Art Appreciation in every person’s life. Gain a universal knowledge of the creation and functions of arts. Recognize the specific purpose of Art as well as its classification and discuss its characteristics Explain the dissimilarity between aesthetic arts and crafts. Identify the types of arts and crafts. Discuss the principles of artistic design. Designate the history of Art in Pre-historic Civilization. Discuss the Medieval arts in Europe. Identify the famous artists in Western Europe. Analyze the most common Paintings in Classical Greek. Page 5 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Lesson 1 Humanities and Art Appreciation: An Introduction Understand the significance of Humanities and Art Appreciation in every person’s life. Gain a universal knowledge of the creation and functions of arts. Recognize the specific purpose of Art as well as its classification and discuss its characteristics Introduction I am sure that you will enjoy reading this lesson, for it will serve as your first taste of the basics of Art Appreciation. Activity In this chapter, we will be introducing you to Humanities and Arts, but before you proceed to the lesson proper, let’s see how knowledgeable you are by answering the activity below. Guess the word. Combine the pictures and identify what word it is depicting. 1. + = 2. + = Page 6 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 3. + = 4. + = What do you think connects the words you arranged earlier to our topic? What kind of art material would you be, and why did you choose that particular material? Explain your response? Is it necessary to have complete and expensive materials to create a good artwork in making art? Why or why not? Explain your answer. The arts are available in every place. It should all be labeled art in our environment. This chapter will learn about humanities and how a person may understand art. HUMANITIES is the Latin term “Humanus,” meaning educated, human, cultured, and refined. Examples of humanities include architecture, dancing, literature, music, painting, theater, and sculpting. Humanities are interested in how their emotions are communicated. It is also the study of different cultural aspects of man, his frailties in life, and the improvement it has to undergo. Humanities is a discipline of study that deals with people's thoughts, feelings, and relationships. Humanities would help uplift value and dignity (Bascara and Avillanoza, 2006). According to scientific studies, the influence of art on the brain impacts the human quality of life. Art comes from the Latin “Arti,” which means skill, naiveté, and Page 7 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  mastery. There are stages to consider (Ramos and Obiena, 2020). The following stages are essential to showcase your creativity as an artist: 1. Development Stage (Creation Stage)- Artists create their artwork through thinking. Artists are highly sensitive people, incredibly aware of everything surrounding them (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao, 2004). They usually wow people by employing their creative imagination. 2. Adaptation Stage (Materials Creation)- In this stage, the artist frequently uses various mediums or materials to convey an idea. For example, a painter uses pigments, a sculptor uses stones, metal, or wood, authors use words, an architect uses different building materials, and a choreographer uses movement and people in their creation. 3. Completion Stage (Form Creation)-The variety of forms artists employ to communicate their ideas. It is viewed as a form of artistic expression that is classified as fine art. This form is used to describe the artwork’s physical characteristics. Artists have developed various forms that can be considered their finished product. Arts can be used for a variety of purposes in addition to design. From the earliest to the present, art has always been a component of our culture. It constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man. Function of Arts The functions of arts refer to the intended utilization of the artwork and have major classification according to functional and non-functional. Functional is according to its usefulness. For example, art was originally used for religion to have a representation. We also have the commemoration purpose under functional or secular function. On the other hand, we have the Non-functional, which refers to “art for art.” You create art for the sake of beautifying, leisure, and pleasure purposes. The following are the other functions of Arts: 1. Individual or personal function- an artist acts because they are passionate about the art genre in question. Art is a form of self-expression or fulfillment for them 2. Public/Social Function—these go beyond the inherent value of the arts to the social benefits they provide. Through the performance of their art, the artist engages with others and raises societal consciousness. 3. Commercial Function- art contributes to the state’s economy directly and indirectly. 4. Political Function- art provides a platform for exchanging ideas to increase power, position, employment, and prestige. For example, the running candidate employs art to create his poster during a campaign. 5. Historical Function- Art is an essential tool for recording and preserving information. Its purpose is to record or re-create historical individuals and events. 6. Cultural Function- Art is the expression and dissemination of new ideas and values. 7. Structural/Physical Function- Buildings are planned and built-in innovative ways to make living safer and more meaningful. Architects, industrial and graphic designers, and interior designers create a beautiful and functional space. Page 8 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  8. Religious/Spiritual Function- Religious value can be bolstered through the arts. One example is renowned Filipino artist Joey Velasco’s Hapag ng Pag-asa (The Table of Hope, in photo), which depicts a distinct depiction of Christ’s Last Supper. It’s also a replica of Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. 9. Aesthetic Function. Any work of art is beautiful. It’s a visual flavor for ornately decorated interiors that can highlight the most beautiful qualities of various décor pieces. It faithfully replicated graphical visuals that convey information through spectacular persuasions and meaningful sentences. Art is like love; it’s not easy to define. Art requires the creativity of a particular person, and creativity is defined as the fundamental basis of arts. It is a trait of an artist that will continually develop in his life to express feelings or a way of solving problems. Aside from the fact that art can serve different functions, it also has a purpose. Some purposes of arts are as follows: 1. Creates Beauty- Art is a way for us to express ourselves. It is the expression of thoughts that cannot be expressed solely through words. 2. Commemorates Experience- Art is used to transmitting the artist’s personal experiences and record the artist’s impressions in his work. 3. Creates Harmony- An artist uses composition as a technique used by artists to organize the disparate elements of their works. 4. Provides Decoration- Artworks help to create a fun atmosphere. Its purpose is to beautify objects to satisfy and entertain visitors with their colors and patterns. 5. Reveals Truth- Artwork aimed to demonstrate how the world works and to seek the truth. It is a language that transmits signals to the recipients’ spirits, assisting them in changing their attitudes, sensitivity, and ethics. 6. Expresses Values- Artists will be encouraged to enhance their creativity, challenge, and communication skills through the arts. It also boosts one’s self-esteem and overall health. Art is not just for those born with talent, but it also developed to sum things up. It was not created just for leisure, but Art has been proven to be with us since the very beginning because everything we do and all that surrounds us is a product of our Art. Page 9 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Infographic: Make an infographic showcasing the importance of art in your chosen course. Identify areas wherein art plays a major role in your future endeavors if you finish this course. Criteria Creativity: 50 50 Originality: 20 20 Relevance to the 15 theme: 15 Neatness: 15 15 Total: 100 100 Good job on accomplishing your poster! This time another lesson and activity are waiting. What are you waiting for, proceed and answer it now! Page 10 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Lesson Aesthetic Arts and Crafts 2  Identify the types of arts and crafts.  Explain the dissimilarity between aesthetic arts and crafts.  Discuss the principles of artistic design. This session will introduce you to yet another important topic in the arts. So, go ahead and complete the activity listed below. Word Search: Search 5 words that can be seen in the box shown below. Be guided by the clues given on every item. 1. A __ __ T __ __ __ __ __ S 2. __ R __ __ T 3. __ A __ E __ T 4. __ __ E __ __ E 5. __ E __ U __ __ A E S T H E T I C S B C R A F T C D R E F U R L P G I H E Q J S K E T L V M A V W N O N B E A U T Y P O E T A U P I E R Page 11 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Based on the words you’ve discovered earlier, what do you think are their contribution to the arts? As an artist, which do you prefer? An output that is beautifully made or an artwork representing your emotion? Justify your answer. Well done answering! Let's get to the core of the lesson now. The difference between esthetics and craft will be learned in this chapter. The word “esthetic,” meaning perception, is derived from the Greek word “eisthesis.” Alexander Baumgarten, a German philosopher, popularized it in the 18th century, a science dedicated to studying art and beauty (1714-1762). The laws that regulate nature and beauty, especially visual art, are thus referred to as esthetic arts (Rader, 1979). On the other side, the phrase “Handwerk” comes from the English word Kraft (Craft), meaning “power” or “capacity.” It is most frequently employed in decorative arts or artistic pursuits. It also refers to using your hands to utilize your skills for pleasure purposes or usage. It prefers to do things for other human purposes and shows its beauty for another purpose than the object itself (Dutton, 1990). Due to the design reform of William Morris, arts & crafts arose throughout Europe during the 19th century. Morris, a communist, felt a designer should produce finely interwoven designs using any medium for fruit, flower, or leaf pattern. If crafts are mass- produced, they can be classified as industrial design. Here are the Arts and Crafts Types: 1. Textile Craft. Many countries are noted for their traditional textiles, including unique designs that reflect their culture. Textile is derived from the Latin word texere, which means to braid or create. Any craft that uses fabric, yarn, or surface design falls under this category. It makes practical and ornamental items out of synthetic fibers. These crafts include the following: a. Cross-stitch- This craft is a popular form of counted thread embroidery in which an X-shaped stitch pattern is used to form a picture. Page 12 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  b. Crocket- creates fabric from yarn, thread, or other material strands using a crochet hook. c. Sewing- is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread. d. Weaving- is a fabric-making technique that involves interlacing threads at right angles to create a fabric or cloth. e. Tatting- is a handcrafting skill that entails creating durable lace using a series of knots and loops. f. Shoemaking- It is the ability to create footwear. g. Lace- is a hand- or machine-made fabric patterned with open holes in the work. h. Macrame- is a type of textile-making that requires only a few simple instruments and a basic understanding of knotting. i. Millinery- It is the art and craft of making hats. j. String art- It's a pre-arranged pattern of colored threads woven between points to create an abstract geometric design. 2. Wood Crafts- It is a skill that is related to the woods. The following are examples of woodcrafts: a. Carpentry- Cutting, shaping, and installing building materials during structures is a skilled trade. b. Marquetry- refers to the art and craft of applying veneer pieces (thin slices of wood) to a structure to form decorative designs. c. Woodturning- is a type of woodworking in which wooden items are created. d. Wood carving - is a style of woodworking in which a knife or a chisel is used to carve a wooden figure or object. e. Cabinetry- It is the ability to construct a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and drawers to store various items. f. Upholstery- It's the art of making a cushion or piece of furniture. 3. Metal Crafts- These terms allude to creating artistic metal designs for practical and aesthetic objectives. Among Asian metal crafts, metalwork offers elaborate and exciting designs. Jewelry such as anklets, bracelets, and neckpieces was also metalwork. Each metal object has geometric motifs engraved on it or is designed to be attractive or valuable. Examples include bronze, gold, tin, silver, lead, brass, and iron. The following crafts are also included: a. Jewelry- Brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets are examples of personal jewelry. b. Metal Casting- is a method of transferring materials such as bronze, copper, glass, aluminum, and iron into a mold with a hollow space of the desired shape, which is then allowed to solidify. Page 13 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  c. Welded sculpture- Welding processes are used to create statues in this art form. 4. Paper Craft- It's a tough plain-woven fabric that's used to make backpacks, tents, marquees, and other environmentally friendly things. The following crafts are also included: a. Bookbinding. It's the process of putting together a book from folded or unfolded paper or other materials. b. Card making. It's a method of making greeting cards by hand. c. Collage. It is a method of creating artwork by combining various forms from various materials. d. Origami. It is an art of paper folding practiced by the Japanese as a culture. e. Paper Mache. It's a composite material made of paper or pulp fragments, occasionally strengthened with fabrics and held together with glue. f. Scrapbooking. The process of organizing, preserving and presenting personal or family history in the form of a book is referred to as bookbinding. g. Rubber stamping. It is a craft wherein the ink is applied to the carved pattern or molded into a rubber sheet. 5. Plants Crafts. These refer to a skill, using plant parts as the medium. These include the following: a. Corn dolly making. It relates to creating shapes and figures (known as ―dollies‖) from straw (such as barley, oats, and wheat). b. Floral design. It is the art of using plant materials and flowers to create a pleasing and balanced composition. c. Pressed flower craft. It consists of drying flower petals or leaves in a flower press to flatten. The Principle of Arts Principles are applied to determine the organization and standardization of visual aspects in art. This set of criteria is essential for the study and evaluation of art. The principle of art explains how an artist uses art to generate an outcome and communicate the artist’s aim. Arts components are visual tools that artists utilize to construct a composition. Visual aspects include line, shape, color, value, texture, and space. The principles of art are created by blending components of art. The following are the basic principle of arts: 1. Harmony- Visual harmony is established when all parts of one artwork are interconnected. Harmony creates a cohesive composition by employing similar geometric shapes, lines, and colors. This means that each element must be unified and must “hang together” as one entity. Each element is necessary to its value and essential to the work. 2. Variety- It is a stable concoction that demonstrates the mixing principle. There should be a dominant theme for you to base to make it more appealing, so even if your Page 14 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  presentation or designs will be varied, all are related and connected. It’s done using varied lines, colors, and forms inside an artwork to draw attention to certain places or add visual interest. 3. Balance- The proportion of conflicting visual forces is what this term alludes to. The axis or the center point is established to maintain balance. When forms, colors, textures, or shapes are harmoniously mixed, it is called art. There are three approaches to achieving balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radically symmetrical. 4. Movement- It’s utilized to give a sense of direction to a piece of art. The artist uses visual progression to draw the viewer’s attention to the artwork’s focal point. 5. Emphasis- refers to an artist’s requirement to create a focal point inside a work of art. This creative aspect is a vital part of the work, and spectators’ attention should be drawn to it. 6. Proportion- When the sizes of the elements in the artwork are harmoniously harmonized, a proportion is established. To show the human form in the appropriate proportion, the artist typically tries to rationally make all of the composition links. Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man is an excellent picture for displaying the human body's proportions. 7. Rhythm- is the application of visual patterns to a piece of art. Models are made by repeating specific colors, lines, or shapes in specified regions of an artwork. In a painting, they can be utilized to create a variety of textures. Repetition of lines in artwork, for example, might make a rhythm by implying movement. Page 15 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Sewing Instructions: 1. On your chosen cloth or canvass, sew a design that would best represent your interpretation of the given theme 2. Make sure to attach documentation pictures while doing the task 3. Design should be well-sewn, visible, and clear 4. Theme: “Love” Criteria/ Rubrics: Selection of Materials: 30 points Appropriate for project Color combination Texture and shapes used Originality: 25 points Captures attention Shows imaginative use of materials and ideas Quality of Workmanship: 25 points Neatness Good use of techniques Overall Presentation: 20 points Design related to the intended use Appropriately finished Balance, harmony at first impression Total: 100 pts Page 16 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  The Western Art History Designate the history of Art in Pre-historic Civilization. Discuss the Medieval arts in Europe. Identify the famous artists in Western Europe. Analyze the most common Paintings in Classical Greek. You are doing great so far. I know you will be more interested in this since we will discuss how the arts evolved. Yes, I can sense your enthusiasm for this lesson. So, let's get started with your appetizer. Jumbled Letters: Identify the word on each item. 1. P O E R C P _________________________ 2. T A M L E _________________________ 3. G L I N O R E I _________________________ 4. T H I P C A L I O E L _________________________ 5. N A S R I E C A N E S _________________________ What do you think are the reasons why the following artworks are famous? Explain each of the pictures. Page 17 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 What is your interpretation of the painting? Clearly explain your interpretation of each painting. Everything has history, has its beginnings. The same with other aspects of life, art has its history. Art is part of life because arts are already present, doing their unique functions in the early stages of life. In this lesson, we will discuss how art developed and how it has helped people from the beginning up to the present time. You will discover how art evolved, especially in the early periods of life, and the artistic contributions of Western countries, so let us start. Pre-Historic Western Arts (20,000-8,000 B.C.E.) From 20,000 and 8000 B.C., it displays a wide range of pre-historic art worldwide. All were made before the invention of formal writing when human populations were traveling and expanding over the globe. According to Susan Vreeland, art history analyzes artworks and the people who created them. Arts existed before humankind, and when they initially began, they were used for many purposes. Today, we will speak about art history and how it has changed over time. Art history extends back to prehistoric periods through the whole history of humanity. Art is a manifestation of the emotional and intellectual link between man and the world. According to Leroi-Gourhan, the psychophysiological perceptions, religious magic, and humanity’s techno-economic phases could allow us to understand the beginnings of art. Stone era (Neolithic and Paleolithic), bronze age, and iron age are the four major periods. Small sculptures and cave drawings are the only prehistoric objects that have survived. Several forms of art were created and performed to communicate with the divine. Older adults employed visual images to depict their visions of the world. Animals are one of the artists’ most popular subjects. The Gravures, paintings, sculptures, and pottery are beautiful expressions and complex that show socio-spiritual systems. Pre-historic arts are works of art created by ancient people before writing. It is a significant symbolic action of the civilization that it brought forth. Fleming and Honor (Honor and Fleming, 2005). Scientists, such as archaeologists, have all identified old sculptures (totemic statues, ivory carvings), petroglyphs and pictures (graphic images of art and symbols), and megalithic artworks (works associated with the formation of stones). All tools, hunting objects, burial arrangements, small-scale sculptures, and animal ruins were discovered during excavations in locations where most European-painted caves may be found. Cave art was significant in terms of content and existence from some perspectives. On the other hand, others believe that the picture of animals is linked to some hunting magic. Page 18 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Hunting was vital for early people to survive. Animal art is sometimes seen as an attempt to influence hunting success, boost the authority of wild animals, or govern early humans, all of which are necessary for their survival. Before this time, researchers had never fully understood why and how archaic people painted. There are many beautiful paintings or designs in the cellars, but their mysteries will continue to fascinate art enthusiasts and historians for a long time. Art will continue to renew itself, as it has done throughout history. Stone Tools for Art Making Humans lived in tiny, nomadic communities during the Stone Age. The Earth was in an Ice Age for much of this time, which meant decreased global temperatures and glacier expansion. The early moving humanoid sculpture started emerging in European art throughout the paleolithic era. In cave paintings, the natural environment is reflected. All types of stone molded based on metals are mineral, sedimentary, metamorphic, and volcanic stone. Deposition and compaction of particles result in the formation of sedimentary rocks. On the other hand, metamorphic rocks change due to intense pressure and temperature. Ignorant magma molten creates volcanic rocks (Prindle,1994). Human civilization is built upon the inventiveness of our ancestors to construct advanced ways of living. How early man advanced was fashioned of stone. Two million years ago, the first quality stone tools were used, and other organic (wood, bone, ivory, and antler) products were also used, which were now regarded as regular for geological processes like glaciation. According to many paleoanthropologists, the paleolithic man created four different stone tools. 1. Pebble tools- consist of a single sharpened cutting or chopping-edge— Humankind’s first and oldest cutting device. A rounded stone was used to strike specific shocks, with a related stone used as a pounder, resulting in a serrated crest that acted as a chopping blade. 2. Bifacial tools- It’s a two-sided pre-historic stone tool flake made by hand with an ax. Axial symmetry characterizes these tools: round, triangular, or almond- shaped. It can be used as a knife, pick, scraper, or weapon, and the cutting can be straight or jagged. 3. Flake tools- are Stone Age hand tools usually made by smashing a tiny or large fragment and then using it as a tool. Both the core and the flakes have the potential to produce stone tools. New flakes were razor-sharp when they arrived, but they quickly got blunt during usage and had to be sharpened again by flaking, a process known as retouching. 4. Blade tools- Stone tools are made by striking a long, narrow flake from a stone core. Lithic reduction is the process of cutting the stone and making the blades. After chipping edges, they combine into a more comprehensive tool, such as spears. Page 19 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Most Common Painting in Classical Greek Most works of art have been found in panels, graves, and vases in ancient times. It depicts everyday events, battle scenes, and dramatic masterpieces of mythological creatures. Some famous classical Greek paintings are as follows: 1. Kerch Vase Painting is a red-figured ceramic called for the city where it was discovered (Kerch, the ancient Pantikapaion on the Black Sea). The vase’s motif was imaging from women’s lives, created using the mythological technique of polychromy, which mixed many hues, particularly the dazzling one, in an artistic manner. The standard shapes found are: a. A krater- is a basin that is used to combine wine and water. b. Lebesgamikos- container with high handles and lid, used to carry a bridal bath. c. Lekanis- low bowl with two-level grips and a small broad foot. d. Pelike- wine container 2. Panel Painting- It is well-known for its exquisite altarpieces. This painting is done on a little primary wood or metal board joined together. 3. Tomb/ Wall Painting- The fresco was created using an encaustic (wax) or tempera (water-based) medium in ancient times. This color is designed by soaking grind powder stains in clean water and then setting them with plaster to create an ordinary wall. Medieval Arts in Europe (84 B.C.E.) This millennium is known as the Middle Ages, from the collapse of The Roman Empire to the Renaissance. Most of the artworks remaining were religious, and the Catholic Church had commissioned them during this time to promote devotion and prayer. The following were shown in medieval art: Pietistic painting (religious art): 1. Ceramics- hand-shaped cooking pots, jars, and pitchers 2. Fresco- is a method of painting water-based pigments on applied plasters on wall surfaces. The pigments are made by grinding dry powder in pure water, dry, and set with a coat to become a lasting part of the wall. It is ideal for murals because it is durable and has a monumental style. 3. Mosaics- Art of crafting figures with small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. Early Christians used mosaics in their churches and cathedrals. 4. Goldsmith and Silversmith- were excellent artists who created new shapes of jewelry. Medieval Church demanded employing silversmiths and goldsmiths to produce religious items using precious materials for divine service. 5. Stained Glass- is seen on windows of medieval castles, churches, and cathedrals. In this type, small pieces of glass are arranged to form pictures or patterns held together by strips of lead and reinforced by a hard frame. 6. Illuminated manuscripts (illumination)- colorful religious text, usually in gold or silver. An artist who produces illuminated manuscripts is called an illuminator. Illuminate is a Latin term which means ―to decorate. Page 20 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  7. Metalwork- metalworkers are skilled artists in creating religious objects for church decorations. They are experts in bronze art in producing beautiful jewels, sculptures, and church doors. 8. Bayeux Tapestry- An embroidery in colored wool. It consists of eight long strips of unbleached linen, sewn together to form a continuous panel of 230 feet in length and 20 inches high. 9. Heraldry- manner of designing or creating coats of arms and insignia. Specimen of coats of arms were worked using embroidery, paper, painted wood, stonework, and stained glass. 10. Gothic Architecture and Painting (1100) After the Romanesque period ended in the 12th century, Gothic architecture emerged. By making it larger and taller, it evolved certain Romanesque elements. Native stones, soaring pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, and flying buttresses are among the features. Throughout the 16th century, this work was employed in Northern France for socioeconomic, political, and spiritual purposes. During the Gothic architectural experiments, architects compete to make more significant cathedral buildings with inventions to build more expansive stone buildings. Religious scenes painted on frescoes or panels are the focus of Gothic painters. They’re educational and come in a miniature form. “Lamentation,” a painting by Giotto di Bodini, is an excellent example of a Gothic painting. Renaissance Art (1400) The Renaissance developed in popularity in the 14th century, and it ruled Europe and Italy until the 16th century. The term renaissance was coined because individuals saw themselves as distinct from their medieval forefathers. It is marked by a rebirth of interest and concern for life in pursuing new artistic discoveries. They were unique in that they attempted to recreate Greek and Roman buildings and antique art. Classical studies gathered artists, painters, intellectuals, and authors during this period, emphasizing classical humanism and independence. Baroque Arts (1600) The term "baroque" is derived from the Italian word “Barucco,” which means “opposing” or “contradicting.” Around 1600, this art form emerged in Italy and Rome, and by the XVII and XVIII centuries, it had spread throughout Europe. Exaggerated movement and accuracy describe Baroque art, detailed, elaborated, and characterized by exaggerated movement and correctness. You’re used to creating art for various types and disciplines’ emotional evocation. Religious themes are depicted honestly and passionately in baroque art to foster audience devotion. Realism is one of this style’s features. Rococo Arts (1730) With curving lines and soft nuances, Rococo art depicts romantic encounters such as scenes of love, nature, light-hearted pleasure, and young people. Rococo is about developed design, artificial works, and pierced shell works, and it evolved in France in the early 18th century due to baroque art’s rigorous rules and symmetry. Rococo is about elaborated design, artificial works, and pierced shell works. Page 21 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Neoclassicism (1770-1830) Neoclassicism returns the classic notions and influences in arts from ancient Greece and Rome’s traditional art and culture. The theme focuses on heroic subjects and sacrifices for the greater good. Romanticism (1770-1850) In the early 1800s, Europe was born with romanticism, a creative, musical, and scholarly movement. It supports the Medieval above the classical, which emphasizes emotion, glory, and individualism in all things past and current. By 1760 English artists adopted romanticism, representing the chaos and storms of nature in their countryside. Throughout the nineteenth century, Europe and America became popular with the movement that expressed its resistance to the Industrial Revolution and neoclassicism. The artwork’s characteristics present idyllic landscapes, stylized designs, and a fluid sky. Realism (1850-1990) Following the French Revolution of 1848, realism became a popular artistic movement in the 1850s. The doctrine of realism asserts that material items are authentic and existing. Realists have attempted to represent individuals from all social groups by addressing shared challenges and events in the current world. This art movement began in France and lasted until the end of the nineteenth century. It was created to aid democratic reform by exposing modern subjects in working-class existence to democratize art. Impressionism (1874) Impressionism was a French art movement of the 19th century that marked a significant departure from the history of European painting. Impressionist art is a painting where the painter captures an object as someone who just saw it might appear. They paint mainly outdoor subjects in bright palettes of color. The colors are vibrant, vivid, and forceful in their picture. Fauvism (1905) In the early 20th century, France came with Fauvism's painting trend. In the period of impressionism, Fauve artists used brilliantly and pure color to depict their answers to nature by fiercely applying the paint tubes to produce the illusion of an explosion on a flat surface. Its goal is to highlight the impact of the experience on the artist's and audience's awareness rather than the artwork's objective quality. In 1905, Louis Vauxcelles, a well-known French Jewish art critic, coined "Fauves" to describe Henry Matisse's and Andre Derain's vibrant, non- naturalistic paintings. Critics coined the following as an avant-garde movement. Famous Artists in Western Europe and their Artworks The great artist was responsible for developing the arts in the Middle Ages. During this period, painters separated themselves from Byzantine arts and created Gothic visual art. Medieval painters and sculptors began their pursuit of more realism, culminating in the Renaissance art style. In the medieval period, the following are prominent artists: 1. Giovanni Cimabue- He was born in Florence in the year 1240. He spent his time adorning his papers and books with images of horses, houses, people, and other Page 22 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  bizarre creations. He created mosaics and paintings, including the New Testament frescoes in St. Francis of Assisi’s upper church. In the year 1302, he died. 2. Giotto di Bondone- He was born in the Tuscan town of Vespignano in the year 1266. Giorgio Vasari, a tiny landed farmer, was his father. He began painting a fresco cycle with pieces from the Old and New Testaments for the Cathedral of San Francesco in Assisi with the help of other artists. Pope Benedict XI invited him to Rome in 1300 to paint a mosaic above the St. Peter’s Basilica entrance. On January 8, 1337, he died. 3. Filippo Brunelleschi- He was born in Florence, Italy, around 1377. His father was Brunelleschi Di Lippoo, an Italian lawyer, and Giuliana Spini was his mother. In one of the Florentine factories, he worked as a sculptor and goldsmith. On April 15, 1446, he died. 4. Lorenzo Ghiberti- He was born in Florence, Italy, around 1378. In 1392, he joined the Gold Guild and began training as a goldsmith. He began construction on the Baptistery of San Giovanni’s East Doors. The ten panels of the bronze door (known as the “Gates of Paradise”) depicted scenes from the Old Testament. Ghiberti was commissioned to construct the work between 1425-1452. In 1455, he died. 5. Donatello (known as Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi) - He was born in the year 1386 in Italy. Nicolo di Betto Bardi's son was a wool trader in Florence. He studied metallurgy, the science of fabricating metals and other materials. St. John the Evangelist, St. Mark, St. George the Killing Dragon, Pazzi Madonna, Zuccone, Herod’s Feast, David, and Penitent Magdalene are among his most famous works. He also devised the schiacciato (shallow relief) technique for achieving spatial depth. On December 13, 1466, he died. 6. Fra Angelico (also known as Beato Angelico, which means ―Blessed Angelic One‖)- Was born in Florence, Italy, in 1395. His most well-known works as a painter include Annunciation, Madonna and Saints, and the Transfiguration of Christ. 7. Leon Battista Alberti- On February 14, 1404, he was born in Genoa, Italy. Pope Nicholas V recruited him as an architect to renovate the papal palace and the Roman bridge of Acqua Vergine. On April 25, 1472, he died in Rome. To sum things up, Art continually develops. From pre-historic up to the present, Art serves different purposes and functions. Every Art has its distinct style, and no art is the same. Remember that there is no specific style to make an artwork beautiful; it depends on creativity and imagination. Page 23 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Scrapbooking Directions: Create a scrapbook by just using a short bond paper. In your scrapbook, indicate how Western Arts evolved. Using your creativity, you should highlight the timeline of Western Arts and some influential artists with their famous works. Criteria/ Rubrics: Creativity - 30 points Organization - 25 points Content - 25 points Use of Material - 10 points Neatness - 10 points TOTAL - 100 Congratulations on finishing Module 1 with all enthusiasm and patience. Good job for doing all activities. But before you progress to Module 2, you need to refresh yourself with the highlights of Module 1 and answer the assessment below. Page 24 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  MODULE ASSESSMENT Western Art Summary: Using your own words, give a short explanation of every item's art style. Give famous artworks and artists by attaching some photos along with your answers. Impressionism Baroque Neoclassicism Gothic Renaissance Page 25 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  MODULE SUMMARY Aesthetics is a philosophical field dedicated to studying art and beauty used during the 18th century by Alexander Baumgarten. Craft is usually employed in branches of the decorative arts or associated artistic practice. There are five types of Arts and Crafts, namely: Textile Craft, Wood Crafts, Metal Crafts, Paper or Canvas Crafts, and Plants Crafts We have seven principles of design. These are the: Harmony, Variety, Balance, Movement, Emphasis, Proportion, and Rhythm The paleolithic man produced four stone tools: Pebble tools, Bifacial tools, Flake tools, and Blade tools. Most paintings were in panels, tombs, and vases during the old period. It depicts symbols with dynamic masterpieces about everyday scenes, fight scenes, and mythological figures. The Middle ages are the millennium coverage of the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance. In this period, most of the surviving artworks were related to religion. We have nine art movements in Western art, namely: Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Fauvism Medieval painters and sculptors were founders and introduced the advancement of arts during the Middle Ages periods. References: Ramos and Oberes(2020). Art Appreciation for New General Education Curriculum, pages 1-7. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Ramos and Oberes(2020). Art Appreciation for New General Education Curriculum, pages 17-40. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Sanchez,C A., Abad, P F. and Jao, L V. (2004). Introduction to the Humanities. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Bascara, L R., and Avillanoza, A T. (2010). Humanities and the Digital Arts. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Tedesco L. (2007). HEILBRUNN TIMELINE OF ART HISTORY ESSAYS Introduction to Prehistoric Art, 20,000–8000 B.C. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2022, from https://tinyurl.com/redvew2k History.com Editors. (2018). Stone Age. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2022, from https://tinyurl.com/mupvfy9p Congratulations once again! Do some stretching as you will journey Module 2 of this course Pack. Page 26 of 29 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01