Module 1 - History of Ergonomics.pdf

Introduction to Ergonomics Module 1 What is Ergonomics? What comes to mind when you hear the word “ergonomics?” From two Greek words “Ergon” meaning work “Nomos” meaning laws Application of theories, principles, data and methods to design to optimize human well-being and overall...

Introduction to Ergonomics Module 1 What is Ergonomics? What comes to mind when you hear the word “ergonomics?” From two Greek words “Ergon” meaning work “Nomos” meaning laws Application of theories, principles, data and methods to design to optimize human well-being and overall system performance A scientific discipline – it is inherently neutral and takes no sides, neither employers nor workers What is Ergonomics? Human-centered design Interaction of humans and their environment Physical aspects Psychological aspects Also known as Human Factors Engineering What Ergonomics Does? Three tasks 1. Determine specific human traits and characteristics that need to be known for engineering design; What Ergonomics Does Three tasks 2. Apply knowledge in design of tools, machines, environment, work tasks and procedures so they fit and accommodate the human; What Ergonomics Does Three tasks 3. Observe actual performance of humans and their equipment (real or simulated), assess suitability of designed human-machine system, and determine whether improvements are possible. How Ergonomics Came About Ancient ergonomic activities Pieces of stone, bone, and wood as tools or implements Tools reshaped to better fit suitability of task Protective clothing came afterwards “Ergonomic” activities grew into individual and communal skills How Ergonomics Came About Training of workers and soldiers became a necessity Major projects during ancient times Building pyramids in Egypt Assembling armies for warfare Roman soldier trainings – improving physiological capabilities Disciplines of Ergonomics A multidisciplinary approach Design Engineers Production Engineers Industrial Designers Computer Specialists Industrial Physicians Health and Safety Practitioners Specialists in Human Resources Components of Ergonomics 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Psychology Anatomy Improving physical “fit” between people and things, ranging from hand tools to workplace design Anthropometrics and Biomechanics fall under here Physiology Work Physiology Energy expenditure Heart rate guidelines Subjective rating of perceived exertion Rest allocation Physiology Environmental Physiology Thermal Lighting Noise Vibration Psychology Human processing of information Sensory processes Perception Long and short-term memory Decision-making Action (Stimulus and response) Assignment* 1. Detailed readings on history of Ergonomics 2. Video on history of Human Factors 3. Video on Ergonomics and Design *Resources to be published in Canvas course, together with course syllabus