Introduction to Ergonomics Module 1
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Questions and Answers

What are the two Greek words that the term ergonomics is derived from?

Ergon and Nomos

What does ergonomics primarily focus on?

  • Reducing costs of production
  • Enhancing productivity of machines
  • Optimizing human well-being (correct)
  • Designing buildings
  • Ergonomics is biased towards either employers or workers.

    False

    Which of these tasks is one of the primary functions of ergonomics?

    <p>Determining human traits for engineering design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Human Factors Engineering' refer to?

    <p>Human-centered design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are essential in the study of ergonomics?

    <p>Anatomy, Physiology, Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improving physical 'fit' between people and things is related to ______.

    <p>Anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disciplines is NOT associated with ergonomics?

    <p>Marketing Specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major ancient project that required ergonomic considerations.

    <p>Building pyramids in Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the relationship of body parts positioned toward the front of the body?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Superior' indicate in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Above or higher than another part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anatomical terms, which of the following correctly describes the position of the toes relative to the foot?

    <p>The toes are anterior to the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical term is used to describe a position that is closer to the midline of the body?

    <p>Medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the standard anatomical position?

    <p>Standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a position that is farther from the trunk of the body within a limb?

    <p>Distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

    <p>Coronal Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'superficial' refer to in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Closer to the surface of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anatomical terminology, what does the term 'proximal' signify?

    <p>Nearer to the point of attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms would be used to describe a section that divides the body into left and right halves?

    <p>Sagittal Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Ergonomics?

    • Derived from Greek: "Ergon" (work) and "Nomos" (laws).
    • Scientific discipline focusing on optimizing human well-being and system performance.
    • Neutral perspective, considering both employers' and workers' viewpoints.

    Human-Centered Design

    • Emphasis on interaction between humans and their environment, encompassing:
      • Physical aspects: physical layout, tool design.
      • Psychological aspects: user comfort, mental workload.
    • Also referred to as Human Factors Engineering.

    Key Tasks in Ergonomics

    • Identify human traits critical for engineering design.
    • Integrate knowledge into the design of tools, machines, and work environments tailored to human needs.
    • Monitor and evaluate human performance with equipment to assess and facilitate improvements.

    Historical Perspective on Ergonomics

    • Originated with ancient tool-making, reshaping items for optimal task suitability.
    • Evolution included protective clothing and communal skills.
    • Historical projects: Pyramid construction in Egypt emphasized the need for efficient work practices.

    Development Through Time

    • Training for laborers and soldiers became crucial.
    • Major historical initiatives, including:
      • Development of organized labor for large-scale projects.
      • Roman soldier training focused on enhancing physical capabilities.

    Disciplines of Ergonomics

    • Involves interdisciplinary collaboration among specialists such as:
      • Design and Production Engineers.
      • Industrial Designers and Computer Specialists.
      • Health and Safety Practitioners.

    Components of Ergonomics

    • Anatomy: Focus on physical fit between humans and tools/workplaces, involving:
      • Anthropometrics: measurement of human body dimensions.
      • Biomechanics: study of body movement.
    • Physiology:
      • Work physiology addresses energy expenditure, heart rate, and exertion levels.
      • Environmental physiology covers effects of thermal conditions, lighting, noise, and vibration.
    • Psychology:
      • Involves sensory processing, perception, memory, decision-making, and responses to stimuli.

    Assignment Resources

    • In-depth readings on the history of Ergonomics.
    • Videos on the historical context of Human Factors and Ergonomics in design.
    • Resources to be made available on Canvas alongside the course syllabus.

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that explores the internal and external structures of the body and their relationships.
    • The term "anatomy" comes from ancient Greek words meaning "up" (ἀνά) and "I cut" (τέμνω).
    • Physiology, also a branch of biology and medicine, studies how the body functions and the activities of living organisms.
    • The word "physiology" derives from the Greek for "nature, origin" (φύσις) and "study of" (-λογία).

    Anatomical Terminology

    • Standard Anatomical Position:

      • Human body standing upright with arms at the sides, elbows extended, palms facing forward, fingers extended, thumbs away from the body, feet slightly parallel, and toes oriented forward.
    • Directional Terms:

      • Anterior (Ventral): Front of the body (e.g., toes are anterior to the foot).
      • Posterior (Dorsal): Back of the body (e.g., popliteus is posterior to the patella).
      • Superior (Cranial): Above another body part (e.g., orbits are superior to the oris).
      • Inferior (Caudal): Below another body part (e.g., pelvis is inferior to the abdomen).
      • Lateral: Away from the midline of the body (e.g., pollex is lateral to digits).
      • Medial: Towards the midline of the body (e.g., torso is medial to arms).
      • Proximal: Nearer to the trunk or point of attachment (e.g., brachium is proximal to antebrachium).
      • Distal: Farther from the trunk or point of attachment (e.g., crus is distal to femur).
      • Superficial: Closer to the body surface (e.g., skin is superficial to bones).
      • Deep: Farther from the surface (e.g., brain is deep to skull).

    Anatomical Planes

    • Anatomical planes are used to divide the human body or organs into sections by passing a 2-dimensional plane through them.

    • Sagittal Plane:

      • Divides the body vertically into left and right sides.
      • Midsagittal/median plane cuts down the middle.
      • Parasagittal/longitudinal plane is any other vertical division.
    • Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane):

      • Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
    • Transverse Plane:

      • Divides the body horizontally into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
      • Produces cross-sectional images.

    Basic Anatomical Regions

    • The human body is divided into five main regions for detailed study in regional anatomy.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of ergonomics, including its definition and its significance in optimizing human well-being and system performance. Explore the principles and theories that guide ergonomic design and the interaction of humans with their environment.

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