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Dangerous Goods Regulations TABLE 2.3.A Provisions for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew (Subsection 2.3) D...

Dangerous Goods Regulations TABLE 2.3.A Provisions for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew (Subsection 2.3) Dangerous goods must not be carried in or as passengers or crew, checked or carry-on baggage, except as otherwise 2 provided below. Dangerous goods permitted in carry-on baggage are also permitted “on one's person”, except where otherwise specified. 2.3 The pilot-in-command must be informed of the location Permitted in or as carry-on baggage Permitted in or as checked baggage The approval of the operator is required Alcoholic beverages, when in retail packagings, containing more than 24% but not more than 70% alcohol NO YES YES NO by volume, in receptacles not exceeding 5 L, with a total net quantity per person of 5 L. Note: Alcoholic beverages containing 24% or less alcohol by volume are not subject to any restrictions. Ammunition, securely packaged (in Div. 1.4S, UN 0012 or UN 0014 only), in quantities not exceeding YES YES NO NO 5 kg gross weight per person for that person's own use. Allowances for more than one person must not be combined into one or more packages. Avalanche rescue backpack, one (1) per person, containing cartridges of compressed gas in Div. 2.2. YES YES YES NO May also be equipped with a pyrotechnic trigger mechanism containing no more than 200 mg net of Div. 1.4S. The backpack must be packed in such a manner that it cannot be accidentally activated. The airbags within the backpacks must be fitted with pressure relief valves. Baggage with installed lithium batteries non-removable batteries exceeding–0.3 g lithium metal or FORBIDDEN 2.7 Wh. Baggage with installed lithium batteries: NO YES YES NO – non-removable batteries. Batteries must contain no more than 0.3 g lithium metal or for lithium ion must not exceed 2.7 Wh; – removable batteries. Batteries must be removed if baggage is to be checked in. Removed batteries must be carried in the cabin. Batteries, spare/loose, including lithium batteries, non-spillable batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries NO* NO YES NO and dry batteries (see 2.3.5.8) for portable electronic devices must be carried in carry-on baggage only. Articles which have the primary purpose as a power source, e.g. power banks are considered as spare batteries. These batteries must be individually protected to prevent short circuits. Lithium metal batteries: the lithium metal content must not exceed 2 g (see 2.3.5.8.4). Lithium ion batteries: the Watt-hour rating must not exceed 100 Wh (see 2.3.5.8.4). Each person is limited to a maximum of 20 spare batteries. *The operator may approve the carriage of more than 20 batteries. Non-spillable batteries: must be 12 V or less and 100 Wh or less. Each person is limited to a maximum of 2 spare batteries (see 2.3.5.8.5). Camping stoves and fuel containers that have contained a flammable liquid fuel, with empty fuel tank YES YES NO NO and/or fuel container (see 2.3.2.5 for details). Chemical Agent Monitoring Equipment, when carried by staff members of the Organization for the YES YES YES NO Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on official travel (see 2.3.4.4). Disabling devices such as mace, pepper spray, etc. containing an irritant or incapacitating substance are FORBIDDEN forbidden on the person, in checked and carry-on baggage. Dry ice (carbon dioxide, solid), in quantities not exceeding 2.5 kg per person when used to pack YES YES YES NO perishables not subject to these Regulations in checked or carry-on baggage, provided the baggage (package) permits the release of carbon dioxide gas. Checked baggage must be marked “dry ice” or “carbon dioxide, solid” and with the net weight of dry ice or an indication that there is 2.5 kg or less dry ice. e-cigarettes (including e-cigars, e-pipes, other personal vaporizers) containing batteries must be NO NO YES NO individually protected to prevent accidental activation (see 2.3.5.8.2). Electro shock weapons (e.g. Tasers) containing dangerous goods such as explosives, compressed gases, FORBIDDEN lithium batteries, etc. are forbidden in carry-on baggage or checked baggage or on the person. Fuel cells containing fuel, powering portable electronic devices (e.g. cameras, cellular phones, laptop NO NO YES NO computers and camcorders), see 2.3.5.9 for details. Fuel cell cartridges, spare for portable electronic devices, see 2.3.5.9 for details. NO YES YES NO Gas cartridges, small, non-flammable containing carbon dioxide or other suitable gas in Division 2.2. Up YES YES YES NO to two (2) small cartridges fitted into a self-inflating personal safety device, intended to be worn by a person, such as a life jacket or vest. Not more than two (2) devices per passenger and up to two (2) spare small cartridges per device, not more than four (4) cartridges up to 50 mL water capacity for other devices (see 2.3.4.2). Gas cylinders, non-flammable, non-toxic worn for the operation of mechanical limbs. Also, spare NO YES YES NO cylinders of a similar size if required to ensure an adequate supply for the duration of the journey. Hair styling equipment containing a hydrocarbon gas cartridge, up to one (1) per passenger or crew- NO YES YES NO member, provided that the safety cover is securely fitted over the heating element. This hair styling equipment must not be used on board the aircraft. Spare gas cartridges for such hair styling equipment are not permitted in checked or carry-on baggage. 24 64th EDITION, 1 JANUARY 2023  Limitations TABLE 2.3.A Provisions for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew (Subsection 2.3) (continued) The pilot-in-command must be informed of the location Permitted in or as carry-on baggage 2 Permitted in or as checked baggage The approval of the operator is required 2.3 Insulated packagings containing refrigerated liquid nitrogen (dry shipper), fully absorbed in a porous NO YES YES NO material containing only non-dangerous goods. Internal combustion or fuel cell engines, must meet A70 (see 2.3.5.12 for details). NO YES NO NO Lithium Batteries: Portable electronic devices (PED) containing lithium metal or lithium ion cells or NO* YES YES NO batteries, including medical devices such as portable oxygen concentrators (POC) and consumer electronics such as cameras, mobile phones, laptops and tablets (see 2.3.5.8). For lithium metal batteries the lithium metal content must not exceed 2 g and for lithium ion batteries the Watt-hour rating must not exceed 100 Wh. Devices in checked baggage must be completely switched off and must be protected from damage. Each person is limited to a maximum of 15 PED. *The operator may approve the carriage of more than 15 PED. Lithium batteries, spare/loose, including power banks, see Batteries, spare/loose Lithium battery-powered electronic devices. Lithium ion batteries for portable (including medical) YES YES YES NO electronic devices, a Wh rating exceeding 100 Wh but not exceeding 160 Wh. For portable medical electronic devices only, lithium metal batteries with a lithium metal content exceeding 2 g but not exceeding 8 g. Devices in checked baggage must be completely switched off and must be protected from damage. Lithium batteries, spare/loose with a Watt-hour rating exceeding 100 Wh but not exceeding 160 Wh for YES NO YES NO consumer electronic devices and PMED or with a lithium metal content exceeding 2 g but not exceeding 8 g for PMED only. Maximum of two spare batteries in carry-on baggage only. These batteries must be individually protected to prevent short circuits. Matches, safety (one small packet) or a small cigarette lighter that does not contain unabsorbed liquid NO ON ONE'S NO fuel, other than liquefied gas, intended for use by an individual when carried on the person. Lighter fuel and PERSON lighter refills are not permitted on one's person or in checked or carry-on baggage. Note: “Strike anywhere” matches, “Blue flame” or “Cigar” lighters or lighters powered by a lithium battery without a safety cap or means of protection against unintentional activation are forbidden (see 2.3.5.8.4(e)). Mobility Aids: Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility devices with non-spillable wet YES YES NO YES batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries or dry batteries, (see 2.3.2.2). Mobility Aids: Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility devices with spillable batteries or YES YES NO YES with lithium ion batteries (see 2.3.2.3 and 2.3.2.4 for details). Mobility Aids: Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility devices with lithium ion batteries YES NO YES YES where the design of the mobility aid does not provide adequate protection for the battery(ies) (see 2.3.2.4.3 for details). Non-radioactive medicinal or toiletry articles (including aerosols) such as hair sprays, perfumes, NO YES YES NO colognes and medicines containing alcohol; and Non-flammable, non-toxic (Division 2.2) aerosols, with no subsidiary hazard, for sporting or home use (see 2.3.5.1). The total net quantity of non-radioactive medicinal or toiletry articles and non-flammable, non-toxic (Division 2.2) aerosols must not exceed 2 kg or 2 L and the net quantity of each single article must not exceed 0.5 kg or 0.5 L. Release valves on aerosols must be protected by a cap or other suitable means to prevent inadvertent release of the contents. Oxygen or air, gaseous, cylinders required for medical use. The cylinder must not exceed 5 kg gross YES YES YES YES weight. Note: Liquid oxygen systems are forbidden for transport. Permeation devices, must meet A41 (see 2.3.5.13 for details). NO YES NO NO Radioisotopic cardiac pacemakers or other devices, including those powered by lithium batteries, NO ON ONE'S NO implanted into a person or fitted externally. PERSON Security-type equipment (see 2.3.2.6 for details). YES YES NO NO Security-type attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. incorporating dangerous goods, such as FORBIDDEN lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material, except as provided in 2.3.2.6 are totally forbidden. See entry in 4.2–List of Dangerous Goods. Specimens, non-infectious packed with small quantities of flammable liquid, must meet A180 NO YES YES NO (see 2.3.5.11 for details). Thermometer, medical or clinical, which contains mercury, one (1) per person for personal use, when in NO YES NO NO its protective case. Thermometer or barometer, mercury filled carried by a representative of a government weather bureau YES NO YES YES or similar official agency (see 2.3.3.1 for details). Note: The provisions of Subsection 2.3 and Table 2.3.A may be limited by State or operator variations. Passengers should check with their airline for the current provisions. 64th EDITION, 1 JANUARY 2023 25 RESTRICTED ARTICLES The following items that are banned for carriage on person/hand baggage on board flights operating from civil airports in India; and Indian Registered aircrafts from foreign airports : Personal Items 01 Lighters 02 Scissors-metal with pointed tips 03 Realistic replica of toy weapon Sharp Objects 04 Box Cutters 05 Ice Axes/ Ice Picks 06 Knives (any length and type except round-bladed, butter, and plastic cutlery) 07 Meat Cleavers 08 Razor-Type Blades such as box cutters, utility knives, razor blades not in a cartridge, but excluding safety razors 09 Sabers 10 Scissors – metal with pointed tips 11 Sword Sporting Goods 12 Baseball Bats 13 Bows and Arrows 14 Cricket Bats 15 Golf Clubs 16 Hockey Sticks 17 Lacrosse Sticks 18 Pool Cues 19 Ski Poles 20 Spear Guns Guns and Firearms 21 Ammunition 22 BB guns 23 Compressed Air Guns 24 Firearms 25 Flare Guns 26 Gun Lighters 27 Gun Powder 28 Parts of Guns and Firearms 29 Pellet Guns 30 Realistic Replicas of Firearms 31 Starter pistols Tools 32 Axes and hatchets 33 Cattle Prods 34 Crowbars 35 Hammers 36 Drills (including cordless portables power drills) 37 Saws (including cordless portable power saws) 38 Screwdrivers (except those in eyeglass repair kits) 39 Tools (including but not limited to wrenches and pliers) 40 Wrenches and Pliers Contd…2  -2- Martial Arts / Self Defense Items 41 Billy Clubs 42 Black Jacks 43 Brass Knuckles 44 Kubatons 45 Mace/ Pepper Spray 46 Martial Arts Weapons 47 Night Sticks 48 Nunchakus 49 Martial Arts/ Self Defense Items 50 Stun Guns/ Shocking Devices 51 Throwing Stars Explosive Materials 52 Blasting Caps 53 Dynamite 54 Fireworks 55 Flares (in any form) 56 Hand Grenades 57 Plastic Explosives 58 Realistic Replicas of Explosives Flammable items 59 Liquid/Aerosol/Gel/Paste or items of similar consistency (Allowed separately, in small quantities required for the duration of journey, in one clear transparent re-sealable one liter size plastic bag. Each item should, however, not exceed 100 ml in quantity). Exception : Medicine/inhaler accompanied by prescription and baby food. 60 Fuels (Including cooking fuels and any flammable liquid fuel) 61 Gasoline 62 Gas Torches 63 Lighter Fluid 64 Strike-anywhere Matches 65 Turpentine and paint Thinner 66 Realistic Replicas of Incendiaries Disabling Chemicals and other Dangerous Items 67 Chlorine for Pools and Spas 68 Compressed Gas Cylinders (including fire extinguishers) 69 Liquid Bleach 70 Spillable Batteries (except those in wheelchairs) 71 Spray Paint 72 Tear Gas Note : The above mentioned are only indicative lists of items. Commonsense, however, shall prevail in assessing whether an object can be used as a weapon for committing any act of unlawful interference with civil aviation operations. *** Nalini Kumar’s Released On: 1st Sep, 2020 X-RAY BIS SCREENING EXAMINATION PROTOCOL FOR TESTING AND CERTIFICATION OF X-RAY SCREENERS i. Theory Test : 60 Marks ii. Practical test : 40 Marks _________ Total Marks : 100 Marks The allocation of marks for the practical test shall be as under: - i. Conduct of CTP test : 04 marks ii. Response / reaction on threat image detection : 05 marks iii. Interpretation of image : 10 marks iv. Feeding of baggage : 02 marks v. Manual check of baggage : 03 marks vi. Frisking of passengers : 10 marks vii. Pre-ops check of DFMD : 02 marks viii. Use of HHMD : 04 marks ---------------- Total Practical Marks : 40 Marks 2 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 SECURITY MEASURES (Page No: 08-09) 1. Security measures for High Value Goods (VAL)? 2. Security measures for AVI? 3. Security Measures for Co-Mail/Co-Mat? 4. Security measures for perishable cargo (PER) & Lifesaving drugs? 5. Security measures for postal mail? (PO mails) 6. Security controls for newspaper and cleaning supplies etc.??? 7. Security controls for diplomatic pouch? (Order 05/2002) 8. What are the points that must be verified as per AVSEC Order 5/2002 while accepting Diplomatic mail? 9. What are the security measures are ensured for carrying unaccompanied consignments of courier companies/Express cargo? 10. Security measures for Trans-shipment cargo? 11. Security measures for Secret/Sensitive cargo? 12. Security measures to adopted to carry HUM by aircraft? DIFFERENCES (Page No: 10-18) 1. Difference between ‘Non Electric detonators’ and ‘Electric detonators’? 2. Difference between ‘Single Energy’ and ‘Multi Energy’ X-Ray systems? 3. Difference between EVD and ETD? 4. Difference between explosive device (IED) and an Incendiary device (IID)? 5. Difference between low explosive and high explosive? 6. Difference between Improvised explosive device (IED) and Bomb? 7. Difference between ‘Annexure-I’ and ‘Annexure-II’? 8. Difference between Stand-A-lone machine and In-Line baggage system? 9. Difference between stand-alone machine and Computed Tomography X-Ray (CTX)? 10. Difference between Schedule and Non-Schedule aircraft operators? 11. Difference between Chief Security Officer (CSO) & Chief Aerodrome Security Officer (CASO)? 12. Difference between Deportee and Inadmissible passengers? 13. Difference between Sterile Area and Security Hold Area (SHA)? 14. Difference between Air Traffic Services (ATS) and Air Traffic Control (ATC)? 15. Difference between AVSEC Instructor and AVSEC Auditor? 16. Difference between Registered Baggage and Hold Baggage? 17. Difference between High Explosive and Detonator? 18. Difference between Regulated Agent and Cargo Agent? 19. Difference between Regulated Agent and Known consignor? 20. Difference between Air Side and Citi Side? 21. Difference between stand a-lone machine and OOG? 22. Difference between ICAO and IATA? 23. Difference between Remote bay and Aerobridge? 24. Difference between General Cargo & Perishable Cargo? 25. Difference between APSU & ASG? 26. Difference between Refusal Room & Detention Room? 27. Difference between Ambient & Remote control switches? 28. Difference between the Profiling and Behavior detection? 29. Difference between the appropriate authority & Regulatory authority? 30. Difference between NCASTP & NCASQCP? 31. Difference between the Security Search & Security Check? 32. Difference between General Aviation & Corporate Aviation & Commercial Aviation? 33. Difference between Unclaimed / Unidentified-Unattended & Unaccompanied Baggage? 34. Difference between Safety & Security? 35. Difference between DG, BCAS & DGCA? 36. Difference between Aerodrome Committee (AC) & Airport Security Committee (ASC)? 37. Difference between Airport & Aerodrome? 38. Difference between Cockpit Crew & Cabin Crew? 39. Difference between Pre-Embarkation Security Checks (PESC) & Secondary Ladder Point Checks (SLPC)? 40. Difference between Aerodrome Committee (AC) & Central Committee (CC)? 41. Difference between Specific Threat & Non-Specific Threat? 42. Difference between Shipper & Cargo Agent? 43. Difference between Catering Stores & Catering Supplies? 3 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 44. Difference between Apron & Isolation Bay? 45. Difference between Aviation Security Group (ASG) & National Security Guard (NSG)? 46. Difference between Internal Audit & Regulatory Audit? 47. Difference between Security inspection & Security Investigation? 48. Difference between Security incident & Security Accident? 49. Annex – 17 & Doc 8973? 50. Difference between Security Programme & Security Clearance? ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES (Page No: 20-22) 1. What are the advantages of profiling? List there? 2. Advantages and Limitations of ‘HHMD’? 3. Advantages and Limitations of “DFMD”? 4. Advantages and disadvantages of ‘X-RAY BIS’? 5. Advantages and limitations of “EVD/ETD”? 6. “GATE PLANS / SCREENING POINTS”? 7. Advantages and limitations of ‘HAND SEARCH”? 8. ‘X-RAY’ Generator location and its advantages and disadvantages? 9. Inline baggage system Advantages and Disadvantages? 10. SIMULATION CHAMBER (Decompression Chamber) 11. Write two Advantage and Disadvantage of PIDS (Perimeter Intrusion Detection system)? SPECIFICATIONS (Page No: 23) 1. Specifications of “HHMD”? 2. Specifications of “DFMD”? 3. Write down the minimum specification for ‘X-RAY BIS’ for following parameters? 4. Specification of EVD/ETD? CARGO (Page No: 24-25) 1. Define “REGULATED AGENT”? What are the various methods of screening the cargo? 2. Types of CARGO? 3. Exempted Consignments or CARGO? 4. What three things should be checked by APSU/ASG before allowing cargo to the airside? Which AVSEC Order deals the above? 5. Why is cargo vulnerable/attractive target for terrorist attacks? And how cargo moves? 6. What is cooling off or 24 Hours cooling off? 7. What aspect must be looked into for cargo security? CATERING (Page No: 25-26) 1. What are points to be consideration in catering security? 2. Stages of catering Security? 3. Which AVSEC Order deals with catering security? What aspect must be looked into for catering security? 4. Response to Tampering Of Security Seals/ Stickers? 5. How the Catering Moves? BOMB THREAT & ANTI-HIJACKING PROCEDURE (Page No: 27-30) 1. What are the questions to be asked when received a Bomb threat call? 2. What actions to be taken on recipient of a Bomb threat call? 3. The Bomb Threat Assessment Committee (BTAC)? 4. Salient features of Bomb Threat Contingency Plan (BTCP)? 5. What actions are to be taken in case a bomb threat is assessed as non-specific involving an aircraft? 6. Procedure of Specific Call? 7. What are the counter measures for ‘BOMB INCIDENTS’ in the airports? 8. What are the Anti-Hijacking security measures being adopted in Indian Airports? 9. What are the Anti-Sabotage security measures being adopted in Indian Airports? 10. What are counter measures against the terrorist attacks? 11. Who all can give a bomb threat call? Or Who can made a Hoax call? 12. How to creed the Hoax calls? 13. Write down the committees that are formed at the hijack situation? 14. What are the New Emerging Threats? 15. What are the parameters used by BTAC while assess the threat call as specific or non-specific? 16. What is the role of Airline Engineers and BDDS in an aircraft declared with specific bomb threat by BTAC? 4 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 ASG / APSU Duties (Page No: 31) 1. Typical Response Action if Dangerous Article detected? 2. What measures should be taken to maintain the sterility of a sterile hold area? 3. Checks carried out on a vehicle before allowing it access to airside? 4. During the vehicle search if you found any Prohibited/Suspect item. What will be your course of action? 5. How many staff is deployed at each Pre-embarkation security check point consisting of one XBIS and two frisking booths and what duties they perform? AIRLINE SECURITY FUNCTIONS (Page No: 32-33) 1. You are details on Screening point, A dangerous items detected by you. What points would be endorsed in Dangerous Goods Register? 2. Action on discovery of a suspicious passenger? 3. What possible actions will you taken in finding a bag with confirmed threat while X-Raying registered baggage? 4. What procedure is to be followed when a weapon is detected in registered baggage? Which is the relevant circular in this regard? Circular – 08/2017 5. While conducting SLPC you recovered a Kirpan from Sikh passenger, what is the security procedure to be followed? Quote a relevant circular? 6. As per 05/2009 AVSEC Order Arun Mishra committee give the all airline security functions? 7. List out security functions mandated in AVSEC Order 3/2009? 8. What do you understand by “RE-CONSILIATION”? 9. Recommended techniques for PHYSICAL SEARCH of a bag? 10. What are the basic search rules (Behavior of search team personnel)? 11. Write any 04 duties of security staff at BMA? X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM (Page No: 34-41) 1. What are the components of ‘X-RAY BIS’? 2. Properties of ‘X-RAY’? 3. Requirements of ‘X-RAY BIS’? 4. What are the Detection requirements? 5. Specifications of ‘X-RAY BIS’? (Circular-11/2017) 6. Inbuilt protections on ‘X-RAY’? 7. The technology used ‘X-RAY BIS’/latest technology worldwide are as under? 8. Why x-ray machine is film safe? 9. Pre-operational safety checks for ‘X-RAY BIS’? 10. Switching on the X-Ray machine? 11. Functions of ‘X-RAY BIS’ switch? 12. What are the comparable keyboards switches in a” HEIMANN” and “RAPISCAN X-BIS”? 13. X-Ray key board switches of an ECIL Rapiscan are divided into which four areas? 14. In Which Colour Following Items Appears In an X-RAY BIS Monitor? 15. Categories of BAGS and its significance? 16. How many persons are supposed to man X-RAY point in one shift? (Order-05/2009) 17. Documents to be maintained at ‘X-RAY’ screening point? 18. What are the do’s and don’ts for a ‘X-RAY BIS’ operator? 19. What are the factors influencing the screening process? 20. List some items that may present difficulty to an X-RAY screener while screening? 21. X-Ray operator may carry out Hand search of the baggage during the screening process? 22. What are the duties of Load Officer? 23. Duties of X-Ray Officer? 24. ‘CTP’ TEST? 25. Explain requirements of CTP? 26. “TIP” Benefits? Feed Backs? “TAILOR TRAINING programme”? 27. TIP Feed backs? 28. Additional security measures for registered baggage after screening? Or name two additional security measures necessary to protect the registered baggage after it has been x-ray inspected? (Order-02/2004) 29. Circular no 34/2005, which six questions are asked to a passengers about his baggage? 30. Salient features of computed tomography (CTX)? 31. Under what circumstances are 100% PHYSICAL SCREENING of registered and hand baggage Carry out? 5 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 32. “DOSIMETER BADGE”? 33. What is the tunnel size specified by ‘BCAS’ for hand and registered baggage? 34. Please specify the types of object/ article along with the range of atomic number that would be represented in X-BIS screening by following colors? 35. Name manufactures of any three X-BIS systems sued in Indian airports for the screening of the baggage? INLINE HOLD BAGGAGE SCREENING SYSTEM (Page No: 42-43) 1. What do you mean by In-line baggage screening system? What is the use of OOG in this? 2. Explain ‘IN-LINE’ Baggage Screening Procedure? HHMD (Hand Held Metal Detector) (Page No: 44) 1. Parts of the ‘HHMD’? 2. How is the pre-operation check of ‘HHMD’ carried out? 3. What points must be observed while carrying out frisking of a passenger with the use of ‘HHMD’? DFMD (Door Frame Metal Detector) (Page No: 45) 1. Parts of the ‘DFMD’? 2. How is the pre-operation check of a ‘DFMD’ carried out? 3. What is the process of calibrating a ‘DFMD’? 4. When installing a ‘DFMD’, what points must be borne in mind so as to have optimum efficiency of the DFMD? 5. What should we monitor when a person passes through DFMD? 6. What is “OTP” and why it is used? How is the ‘DFMD’ tested with help of ‘OTP’? 8. What is OTP and for what purpose is it used? IED (Improvised Explosive Device) (Page No: 46-47) 1. What is an IED? 2. “PROHIBITED ITEMS”? Categories and example? 3. Colour and physical form of explosives? Or list out the components of IED/BOMB and which colour does they appear in X-RAY? 4. IED components? 5. List the types of mechanism? Switches used in IED’s with one example each? 6. In which three manners explosives can be concealed before smuggling into an aircraft? & name three ways that can be used to prevent detection of prohibited items? 7. What is an IMPROVISED INCENDIARY DEVICE (IID)? What are its basic components? 8. What are the three PRINCIPLES on which the EXPLOSIVE DETECTORS functions? 9. List out various effects of an explosion? 10. Why it is difficult to defuse an IED? Extra Important Questions (Page No: 48-55) 1. Documents to be submitted for carriage of HUMAN REMAINS (HUM)? 2. Procedure for carriage of PRISONER? 3. Procedure for carriage of WEAPON? Onboard/HB/RB & categories? 4. Procedure for carriage of weapon in “ATR”? 5. What do you understand by operational area of an airport? Which letter in the AEP allows entry to operational area of airport? 6. Due to illegal documents of passenger is denied to board the aircraft, in this scenario what action will be taken? 7. SCREENING/ SABOTAGE/ COOLING PIT/ PROFILING/BEHAVIOURAL DETECTION/SECURITY CONTROL/EXPRESS CARGO 8. “REFUSAL ROOM”? Or what do you mean by REFUSAL ROOM? When it is used and for whom? 9. Exemption from Pre-Embarkation security checks list? 10. What is passenger profiling? Enumerate some suspicious of a selected passenger? 11. Characteristics of “PROFESSIONAL PROFILER”? 12. When DFMD is already installed at the airports, how introduction of body scanners for passengers screening will help security personnel at PESC Points at airport? 13. What security measures exist at PESC points in Indian Airports to detect Non-Metallic IEDs? 14. A passenger travelling through Web check in. is he not required to prove his identity? If yes, when and where? 15. What is Annexure-17? What do you understand by Doc 8973 & BTCP? 6 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 16. What do you understand by STEB? For what purpose it is used? 17. Who is Gate-no-show passenger? What actions are to be taken in such case? 18. Write any three security measures initiated in Indian civil aviation security after hijack of IC 814? 19. What procedure is to be followed when a weapon is detected in registered baggage? Which is the relevant circular in this regard? 20. Round the clock 24 hours operation shift how many staff required for wide body aircraft? 21. List of 8 roles of the entity/authority responsible for the preparation and implementation of Internal Quality Control Points? (Airline QCP) 22. What is Annex-17? How a standard is different form a recommended practice? 23. What is Annex 17? Which standard makes its mandatory for screening to be certified? 24. What are the methods for Screening of Passenger & their baggage? 25. As per AVSEC Circular 25/2004 technical specification of which equipment’s has been issued by BCAS for development at the airports? 26. List of Phot Identity proof for Security Control of Departing passengers? 27. Explain about ‘UDAN - RCS’? What does it stands for? 28. List out 4 responsibilities of DG, BCAS mentioned in Annex-17? Aircraft (Security) Rules – 2011 (07/13/14/27/29/46/47) (Page No: 56) ABBREVIATIONS (Page No: 57-59) TRUE or FALSE (Page No: 60-62) Fill in the Blanks (Page No: 63-66) CIRCULARS & ORDERS (Page No: 67-68) AIRCRAFT RULES – 2011 (Page No: 69) ICAO – ANNEX (Page No: 70) *As per BCAS Circular. 25/2004 (Minimum Standards for Civil Aviation Security Equipment’s (Page No: 70) *As per BCAS Circular. 11/2017 (Technical specifications of Civil Aviation Security Equipment) (Page No: 70) IATA SCREENING CODES (Page No: 70) 7 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091  SECURITY MEASURES 1. Security measures for High Value Goods (VAL)? i. Security checks as any other cargo ii. X-Ray & Physical check is applicable iii. Stored in strong room iv. Escort till aircraft v. Log book for records 2. Security measures for AVI? i. Health physical condition of the pet ii. Certificate from veterinary doctor if pet is pregnant iii. Cage box to be exanimated by X-BIS & physical inspection iv. Check that no item is attached to the body of animal v. Live animal (AVI) not to be put through X-Ray 3. Security Measures for Co-Mail/Co-Mat? i. Must have a visual identification mark of character on packets ii. Must be cleared by X-Ray / physical check iii. Co-Mails can be handed over to cabin crew iv. Co-mat to be loaded in hold v. A record to be maintained by airline 4. Security measures for perishable cargo (PER) & Lifesaving drugs? i. X-Ray screening by airline staff if required ii. Physical check is mandatory iii. EVD or ETD test if required iv. NO 24 hours cooling off method v. Security certificate from agent to air carrier records 5. Security measures for postal mail? (PO mails) i. Security declaration certificate from post master ii. X-Ray screening by airline security iii. No physical inspection by airline security iv. Bag to be opened by postal authority in case of any doubt v. If doubt is not cleared postal bag should not be accepted for carriage 6. Security controls for newspaper and cleaning supplies etc.??? i. The stores and supplies have been obtained from an establishment with whom the air operator has a written contract for the purpose ii. Searched by hand or X-Ray screening to prevent the introduction of any prohibited articles iii. Before allowing access to the aircraft, the cleaning staff shall be frisked and all the articles carried by them checked properly by the airline security iv. Any other security controls prescribed by the Director General 7. Security controls for Diplomatic pouch? (Order 05/2002) i. Visible external marks of the Diplomatic Pouch ii. Contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use iii. Name and address of the consignee as well as that of the foreign diplomatic mission / consular post a sender iv. If the pouch is booked as cargo / registered baggage the same will be screened by X-Ray only v. If it is carrying as cabin baggage exempted from security checks vi. In case of doubt, protocol division of external affairs ministry will be approached to clear the doubt. vii. The diplomatic mail should not be opened and physically checked viii. Till doubt is cleared the diplomatic bag will not be sent for loading 8. What are the points that must be verified as per AVSEC Order 5/2002 while accepting Diplomatic mail? a. Prior intimation from embassy to be received by airlines b. Identify of the diplomatic courier to be established c. All diplomatic bags that to be loaded in the hold of the aircraft to be screened by X-Ray and in case of doubt not to be accepted 8 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 d. All diplomatic bags being carried on board the aircraft are exempted from security checks but the diplomatic courier and his personal belongings to be screened e. Bags to be escorted to aircraft and from aircraft f. Visible external marks of their character g. Contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use h. Name and address of the consignee as well as that of the foreign diplomatic mission/consular post a sender i. In case of any doubt Diplomatic mail cannot be opened and checked 9. What are the security measures are ensured for carrying unaccompanied consignments of courier companies/Express cargo? i. Treated as cargo of special kind and subjected to strict security measures ii. Accepted in separate terminal wherever available such consignments are to be screened at least from 2 angles iii. X-Ray screening should be done iv. Through physical checking wherever X-BIS facility not available v. 24 hours cooling off wherever X-Ray / Physical checking not possible vi. Declaration certificate by the courier company 10. Security measures for Trans-shipment cargo? i. It will be screened as normal cargo If it is shipped from Domestic to International ii. It will not be screened if it is from International to Domestic if the same has been carried out at origin station but documentation should be checked iii. Transit Trans-shipment cargo (Domestic to International) will not be screened if it is transported through the sterile area iv. If it is transported from landside it will required to re-screened as normal cargo v. If any signs of tampering need to be screened 11. Security measures for Secret/Sensitive cargo? i. Written permission from commissioner for transportation and Exemption from security checks ii. A document is furnished by authorized organization iii. Officer from authorized organization has been checked physically, packed and transported to the airline operator iv. The officer will taking care of this cargo should not contain any dangerous goods and any other prohibited items v. The airline operator shall ensure that the consignment has been handed over personally by a responsible person of the organization at the destination 12. Security measures to adopted to carry HUM by aircraft? Station Manager/Station Security Manager of the Aircraft Operator will examine and validate accompanying documents as below:- (a) In case of movement from a station within India i. Death Certificate from a competent Medical Authority; ii. Embalming Certificate by the Hospital/competent Authority; iii. Permission by the local Police Authorities for carrying dead body/human remains; iv. Any document like Driving license or Passport or any other Photo ID Card issued by a Govt./semi-Govt. agency to establish identity of the deceased. (a) In case of transportation from a Foreign Station i. Death Certificate from a competent Medical Authority; ii. Embalming Certificate by the Hospital/competent Authority; iii. Certificate by the local Police Authority for carriage of dead body/human remains; iv. Permission from the Indian Mission for carriage; v. Copies of cancelled passport of the deceased. (b) Identity of the relative/person who accompanies the dead body/human remains shall be established. (c) In case no relative/person accompanies the dead body/human remains the consignment will be screened through X-ray, to ensure that it does not contain any prohibited/dangerous item. (d) In the absence of X-ray machine at a particular station, dead body/human remains shall be inspected visually by a responsible employee of the aircraft operator to ensure that the consignment has dead body/human remains only and nothing else which may endanger safety of the flight. 9 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091  DIFFERENCES 1. Explain the difference between ‘Non Electric detonators’ and ‘Electric detonators’? Non-Electrical Detonators Electrical Detonators i. Open at one end Open at both ends ii. A fuse is inserted into the open end Have wires emerging at one end iii. The spark from the fuse impinges on the initiating explosives They are fired by passing an electric current through the and fires the detonators wires Iv. The plain detonator is sometimes used with percussion caps In legitimate use this current is provided by a handheld and other devices which can produce a flame device called an exploder 2. What is the difference between ‘Single Energy’ and ‘Multi Energy’ X-Ray systems? Single Energy Multi Energy i. One level of X-Ray is used Two levels of X-Ray Energy used ii. Monochrome images Displays Colour Images iii. Cannot distinguish material according to atomic numbers Distinguish between material according to atomic numbers iv. Scans objects slice by slice High level of penetration 3. Comparison between EVD and ETD? EVD ETD i. Captures vapours from explosives. Captures particles over the surface ii. Can detect explosive up to 05gms Can detect explosive up to 100 nano grams iii. Lighter in weight, less than 05 kgs Heavier in weight, less than 40 kgs iv. False alarm rate-less than 3% typical alarm rate. False alarm rate- Less than 2% typical alarm rate. v. Warm up time-Approx. 20-30 minutes Warm up time-Approx.20-30 minutes vi. Analysis time- Less than 10 sec per sample Analysis time- Less than 10 sec per sample Detect explosive as RDX,PETN, TNT, Dynamite, vii. Detect explosive as RDX,PETN, TNT SEMTEX,C4,HMX, Ammonium Nitrate with programmable detection capability 4. What are the difference between explosive device (IED) and an Incendiary device (IID)? EXPLOSIVE Device (IED) INCENDIARY Device (IID) i. IED has four basic components IID has three basic components (Explosive material, detonator, power source and switch) (Low Explosives, Initiator, and Incendiary material) ii. IED requires explosive material IID requires incendiary material iii. IED requires detonator IID does not requires detonator iv. IED requires triggering mechanism IID requires Ignition mechanism v. Magnitude damage is very high Less damage 5. Differences between low explosive and high explosive? LOW EXPLOSIVE HIGH EXPLOSIVE i. It burns It explodes ii. It does not require detonator It requires detonator iii. Magnitude of destruction is less Magnitude of destruction is more iv. Not safe to handle Safe to handle v. Not safe to store Safe to store vi. Needs confinement to explode Does not need confinement to explode vii. More Hygroscopic Less Hygroscopic 10 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 6. Difference between Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and Bomb? BOMB IED i. Service Explosives Improvised Explosives ii. Made by approved ordnance factory Made by Terrorist iii. Standard mechanism used Improvised mechanism used iv. Used by Army & Security forces (SFS) for safety & security of Used by terrorist to kill innocent public & create terror in the country public v. Can be diffused easily as mechanism is known Very difficult to diffuse as mechanism is not known 7. Difference between ‘Annexure-I’ and ‘Annexure-II’? Annexure I Annexure II i. Obtain from Known cargo consigner Unknown cargo ii. Preferred cargo Doubtful cargo (Personal effects) iii. Declaration provided by the Regulated agent or known Declaration provided by a person, who is offering the cargo consignor or cargo agent iv. eg: Courier consignment eg: walk-in cargo, Consolidated cargo 8. Difference between Stand-A-lone machine and In-Line baggage system? Stand-Alone Machine In-Line X-BIS system i. Manual baggage inspection system Multi-level High tech screening system ii. Efficiency depends upon the Operator evolution Automatic machines and analyst work stations iii. No inbuilt Explosive detectors Inbuilt explosive detectors (CT-EDS machine) iv. Immediate physical check Physical check at level-4 v. No time restriction for baggage inspection Restricted time for baggage inspection (30-120sec) vi. Speedy screening Multi-Level screening system vii. View image in dual view Provided 2 - 5 angle of images viii. Less man power More man power required ix. Conveyor belt speed 0.18-0.3m/sec Conveyor belt speed 0.5 – 1.6 m/sec x. Through put rate 400 bags per hour Through put rate 400-1800 bags per hour 9. Difference between stand-alone machine and Computed Tomography X-Ray (CTX)? Stand-Alone Machine CTX i. Manual baggage inspection system Computerized screening system ii. Efficiency depends upon Operator evolution Automatic and operator evolution iii. No inbuilt Explosive detectors Inbuilt explosive detectors iv. Generator will locate any side of the tunnel X-Ray Generator is located inside the tunnel v. Generator will not be move (fixed Generator) Generator will move around the baggage vi. Can view 2 angles of bag images (Duel View) It will take 500 angles images of baggage vii. Only 2D images 2D & 3D images viii. Works on Multi Energy Radiation Technology Works on CT scan image principle ix. Through put rate 400 bags per hour Through put rate 250 - 1200 bags per hour 10. Difference between Schedule and Non-Schedule aircraft operators? Schedule Aircraft operator Non-Schedule Aircraft operator i. Pre-approved flight schedule Instant approved flight schedule ii. Post flight & Pre-flight security check should be done by Post flight & Pre-flight security check should be done by airlines security. Captain of the flight. iii. Schedule air transport service any country outside India Non-schedule air transport any country outside India except from to or across India with the special permission from Central Govt iv. Schedule operators are not get temporary authorization or Non-schedule operators will get temporary permission from agreement from central Govt central Govt v. Permit shall not be cancelled or suspended without giving a Permit shall be cancelled or suspended without giving a show 11 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091  show cause notice, in writing informing the holder of schedule cause notice, in writing informing the holder of Non-schedule operator operator vi. Operator permit & Security Programme will be renewed for Operator permit & Security Programme will be renewed for a a period not exceeding 05 years at a time period not exceeding 02 years at a time 11. Difference between Chief Security Officer (CSO) & Chief Aerodrome Security Officer (CASO)? CSO CASO i. Head of the Security of an Airline Head of the Security of an Airport Safeguarding of passengers, crew, ground personnel and ii. Safeguarding of passengers, crew, ground personnel and other aerodrome users, aircraft, aerodrome and related aircraft related facilities facilities including vital installations; iii. Enforcement of security measures related to Airline safety Enforcement of security measures related to Airport and security protection and its facilities iv. Screening of passengers registered baggage Screening of passengers and their hand baggage v. Maintenance of liaison with Internal and regulatory authority Maintenance of liaison with local police and intelligence agencies agencies Or CSO CASO CSO (Airport Operator) Personnel of government agency engaged for performing a. Chief Security Officer serve as the airport operation primary security duties assigned to it under AC Rules 2011 is & immediate for security related activity & communication designated Chief Aerodrome Security Officer, CASO will with the appropriate authority perform the fallowing duties, normally- b. Develop, Implement & maintenance of ASP is the a. Safeguarding of passenger, crew, ground personal and responsibility of CSO other aerodrome users related facilities and vital installation c. Maintain effectiveness liaison with airlines, stake holder, b. office mat of access control measures concessionaries and relevant law enforcement authorities CSO (Airline Operator) c. Security of Perimeter a. Airline security head is called as Chief Security Officer, b. CSO shall be responsible for effective implementation of all d. Security of passenger and their baggage the security functions as per the recommendation of the Arun e. Surveillance within and around the aerodrome area Mishra committee AVSEC Order 05/2009 12. Difference between Deportee and Inadmissible passengers? Deportee Inadmissible person i. A person who had been admitted to a state legally or illegally and who formally ordered by the competent authorities to A person who is or will be refused admission to a state by its leave the state authorities ii. For removal of such persons are the responsibility of the Transportation responsibility by the aircraft operator on government ordering the deportation which they arrived The primary responsibility of escorting a Inadmissible person iii. The primary responsibility of escorting a Deportee is of is of immigration Law Enforcement Agency, and Aircraft immigration Law Enforcement Agency of the deporting country Operator 13. Difference between Sterile Area and Security Hold Area (SHA)? Sterile Area SHA i. Area will normally include inter alia, all passengers departure areas between the screening checkpoint and the aircraft, the The area between any passengers inspection or screening ramp, baggage makeup areas, cargo sheds, mail centers, airside control point and the aircraft into which access is strictly catering and aircraft cleaning premises controlled ii. Any area can be made sterile for operations A specific designed, designated, defined area called SHA 14. Difference between Air Traffic Services (ATS) and Air Traffic Control (ATC)? Air Traffic Services (ATS) Air Traffic Control (ATC) i. An air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates and i. Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground- assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace ii. ATS is to conduct and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic; ii. ATC can provide advisory services to aircraft in non- notify concerned organizations of and assist in search and controlled airspace. rescue operations 12 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 15. Difference between AVSEC Instructor and AVSEC Auditor? AVSEC Instructor AVSEC Auditor i. AVSEC Instructor will follow the guidelines of ‘ASTP’ AVSEC Auditor will follow the guidelines of ‘NCASP’ ii. AVSEC Instructor will be conduct training for Aviation AVSEC Auditor will be conduct Audits and quality check of Security personnel’s Aviation Organization iii. As per ‘NCASTP’ he will ensure monitoring and As per ‘NCASQCP’ he will ensure the compliance examination implementation of Aviation Security Trainings of all aspects of implementation 16. Difference between Registered Baggage and Hold Baggage? Registered Baggage Hold Baggage i. Always accompanied by passenger unaccompanied baggage ii. After Security controls the baggage will be handover to pax After security controls the baggage will be handover to for check in Airline staff to load into the aircraft holds After transported in the Aircraft hold the baggage should be iii. Transported in the hold of the aircraft for later return to the handover to Aircraft operator, regulated agent or Cargo passenger at his ticketed destination. agent iv. Security controls provided by Aircraft & Airport Operators Airline security, Regulated agent, ASG & Operator 17. Difference between High Explosive and Detonator? High Explosive Detonator i. High explosive is safe to handle, cause a huge damage and The Detonators is a small cylinder containing an initiating easy to conceal. explosive and a Booster charge of high explosive. ii. High explosives required detonators to explode It is used to initiate the detonation of high explosives iii. Modern high explosives categorized into Primary and Detonators are categorized into Two Types Secondary Explosives a. Electrical b. Non-Electrical iv. High explosive required 4 components and including The detonator is normally stored separately from the high detonators explosives. 18. Difference between Regulated Agent and Cargo Agent? Regulated Agent Cargo Agent i. An agent or freight forwarder Will consolidated the cargo ii. Conduct the business with operator & cargo agents Business with Regulated agent & Airline Operator Iii. Provide security controls for cargo consignment Not authorized to provide security controls iv. Submit Annexure I & II Raise a dummy manifest of cargo on Annexure II 19. Difference between Regulated Agent and Known consignor? Regulated Agent Known Consignor i. An agent freight forwarder The originator of property for transportation by air ii. Conduct the business with Aircraft operator Business with Regulated agent & Aircraft operator iii. Provide security controls from warehouse Provide security controls for property till warehouse 20. Difference between Air Side and City Side? Air Side City Side i. Restricted Area Non-Restricted Area ii. The movement area of an airport, adjacent terrain and Areas of an airport to which the public have access or to buildings or portions thereof, access to which is controlled. which access is otherwise unrestricted. iii. Required Aerodrome Entry Permit No Permit Required 21. Difference between stand a-lone machine and OOG? Stand a-lone machine OOG i. This machine is operated by airline operator for baggage OOG X-Ray machine is operated by airport operator inspection ii. Limitations for screening of baggage based on size & shape Out of gauge & fragile baggage will be screened on this machine iii. After screening, bag will handover to passenger for check in After screening, baggage will handover to Airline Security to BMA iv. Screening process will be complete in the presence of Passenger is not available in screening process Passenger 13 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 22. Difference between ICAO and IATA? ICAO IATA i. Branch of united nations, represent the different aviation Represent the most major schedule airlines and non- authorities of UN number nations schedule air carrier and powerful lobbying for international carries ii. ICAO is a inter government organization which deals with Deals commercial aspects of airline operators regular aspects of National civil aviation iii. ICAO codes are used for official purpose such as ATC IATA is a trade association that focuses on making air traffic business safe, secure, reliable and efficient. iv. Members – 193 states Members – approx. 240 airlines 23. Difference between Remote bay and Aerobridge? Remote Bay (Open Bay) Aerobridge i. There is a chance to passenger contamination Less contamination of passenger ii. Boarding will be announced in 2 ways at apron area One way of passenger boarding iii. Passengers need to be escorted till aircraft No need to escort of passengers but surveillance to be done 24. Difference between General Cargo & Perishable Cargo? General Cargo Perishable Cargo i. Security declaration provided by cargo agent Security declaration furnished by Consignor or Agent ii. X-Ray screening is applicable X-Ray screening if required iii. Physical check if required Physical check is mandatory iv. If required 24 Hours cooling off will be applicable At any point of time No 24 hours cooling off 25. Difference between APSU & ASG? ASG APSU i. CISF when they are existence in aviation, also known as Local Police when they are existence in aviation, also known Aviation Security Group (ASG) as Airport Security Unit (APSU) ii. ASG staff are associated with central government Whereas APSU are associated with State Government iii. ASG staff will provide protection for Sensitive and Hyper APSU staff will give protection for airport categorized as sensitive airports. normal. 26. Difference between Refusal Room & Detention Room & Quarantine Room? Refusal Room Detention Room Quarantine Room i. Refusal room is for passengers who had This room is for passengers who had A person or any animal kept away of refused by state authority due to lack or refused by state authority due to fake or persons or animals in separate who’s improper documents, will be kept in this forged documents will be kept in this for having infectious diseases is called for eventual removal from Indian soil further investigation. quarantine room ii. This room for Refusals (Inadmissible Deportee & Inadmissible passenger for passenger) further interrogation 27. Difference between Ambient & Remote control switches? Ambient switches Remote control switches i. The triggering mechanism is activated by environmental Remote control bombs are activated by transmission of factors electromagnetic waves ii. A bomb may be planted during the day and activate the same when darkness sets in or by the principle of difference in Remote bombs will have a transmitter with the bomber and pressure variation. receiver at the target with explosive iii. Whenever a suspected object is located, crowding of public The range of radio control device depends on line of sight near the bomb must be prevented and the area is evacuated and power of transmitter. Range from 10mtr to 1000mtrs is immediately very common iv. E.g. Proximity; Gases/ Smoke Sensitive; Barometric/ Humidity; Transient Sensitive; X-Ray Sensitive; Infrared E.g. Radio Control; FM Transmission; Command Wire; Post Sensitive; Metal Sensitive; Acoustic Sensors; Light/Dark Office System; Infra-Red Beam; Laser; Cell Phone; Pager; PC Sensitive IED; Sat Phones 14 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 28. Difference between the Profiling and Behavior detection? Profiling Behavior detection Observation of suspicious behavioral characteristics i. Systematic observation of passenger displayed by passenger and non-passenger ii. Depends upon 03 factors – Passenger behavior, Baggage & Depends upon physiological or gestural signs indicative of documents anomalous behavior iii. Conventional security measure for passenger to categorize them into threatening and non-threatening Advanced Security measure for Passenger & non-passenger 29. Difference between the appropriate authority & Regulatory authority? Appropriate Authority Regulatory Authority i. Director General, BCAS is our appropriate authority BCAS is our regulatory authority ii. Primary objective of appropriate authority is to protect or Primary objective of regulate authority is to protect or safeguard the Indian civil aviation from against act of unlawful safeguard the civil aviation in the region from against act of interference. unlawful interference. iii. Establishing, developing, implementing, maintaining and reviewing the NCASP in India; Monitoring of implementation of NCASP iv. Coordinating activities between different organizations in Coordinating activities between different organizations in India and abroad concerned with or responsible for various particular region concerned with or responsible for various aspects of the Programme aspects of the Programme 30. Difference between NCASTP & NCASQCP? NCASTP NCASQCP As per NCASQCP Conducting Security Audit, Inspection, i. As per NCASTP Conducting AVSEC trainings Survey & Test ii. Persons carrying out screening operations shall be certified To the quality control for civil aviation security operations as according to the requirements of the NCASTP per NCASQCP iii. Ensure implementation of Auditor/Inspector certification iii. Ensure implementation of Instructor Certification system. system. 31. Difference between the Security Search & Security Check? Security Search Security Check An inspection of the interior of an aircraft to which A thorough inspection of the interior and exterior of the passengers may have had access and an inspection of the aircraft for the purpose of discovering suspicious objects, hold for the purposes of discovering suspicious objects, weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices, articles or weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices, articles and substances. substances. 32. Difference between General Aviation & Corporate Aviation & Commercial Aviation? General Aviation Corporate Aviation Commercial Aviation The non-commercial operation or use of aircraft by a An aircraft operation involving An aircraft operation other than company for the carriage of passengers or goods as an the transport of passengers, a commercial air transport aid to the conduct of company business, flown by a cargo or mail for remuneration operation or an aerial work professional pilot employed to fly the aircraft. (Note or hire. operation. that corporate aviation is a subset of general aviation.) 33. Difference between Unclaimed / Unidentified-Unattended & Unaccompanied Baggage? Unclaimed Baggage Unidentified baggage/ Unattended Baggage Unaccompanied baggage Baggage that arrives at an Baggage at an airport, with or without a Baggage that is transported as cargo and airport and is not picked up or baggage tag, which is not picked up by or may or may not be carried on the same claimed by a passenger. identified with a passenger. aircraft with the person to whom it belongs. 34. Difference between Security & Safety? Aviation Security Safety i. Aviation security is the set of measures and resources implemented to prevent malicious acts (terrorism) targeting i. Whilst air transport is the safest means of transportation in aircraft, their passengers and crew members. the world 15 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091  ii. The primary definition of safety is "the condition of being ii. The primary definition of security, which is "the quality or free from harm or risk," state of being free from danger." iii. In India Aviation Security is taking care by BCAS iii. In India Aviation Safety is taking care by DGCA 35. Difference between DG, BCAS & DGCA? DG, BCAS DGCA i. Director General, Bureau of Civil Aviation Security i. Director General of Civil Aviation ii. Appropriate authority for aspects of Civil Aviation Security ii. Statutory authority for aspects of Civil Aviation Safety iii. Authority to provide Aerodrome Entry Permits & conducting iii. licensing of Flight Crew, Aircraft Engineers & Civil ASC meetings at Airports Aerodromes iv. Development, Implementation & Maintenance of NCASP iv. Formulation of Aviation Legislations v. Certification of AVSEC Personnel’s v. Certification of Aircraft Operators vi. In order to release Circulars & Orders for AVSEC vi. Release Civil Aviation Requirements (CARs) 36. Difference between Aerodrome Committee (AC) & Airport Security Committee (ASC)? Aerodrome Committee Airport Security Committee i. Initial Anti-Hijacking committee will be formed on hijacking situation at Airport level i. ASC will be formed at Airport ii. Twice in a year at Airport Level ii. once in a Month at every Airport iii. Home secretory is heading this committee iii. Airport Director heading this committee iv. Will do negotiations with terrorist on authority of iv. Discuss about Implementation & Standards of security Operational command in hijacking situation measures at Airport level 37. Difference between Airport & Aerodrome? Airport Aerodrome Any area in a Member State which is open for commercial "Aerodrome" means any definite or limited ground or water aircraft operations. area intended to be used, either wholly or in part, for the landing or departure of aircraft, and includes all buildings, sheds, vessels, piers and other structures thereon or appertaining thereto 38. Difference between Cockpit Crew & Cabin Crew? Cockpit Crew Cabin Crew i. A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft i. Manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time cabin during a flight duty period ii. PIC is the law enforcement officer for the aircraft inflight ii. Cabin crew will ensure safe & secure environment in cabin 39. Difference between PESC & SLPC? PESC SLPC i. Pre-Embarkation Security checks will be done at before i. Secondary Ladder Points Checks will be done at boarding entering into Security Hold Area gate before entering into aircraft ii. It’s a Standard Practice Ii. It’s a Recommended practice iii. ASG/APSU will authorize to conduct these checks iii. Airline Security is responsible for these security checks 40. Difference between Aerodrome Committee (AC) & Central Committee (CC)? Aerodrome Committee Central Committee i. Aerodrome committee will be formed at Airport level where i. Central committee will formed at IGI Airport on formation the hijacked aircraft landed. for AC ii. This committee will do negotiations with Terrorist on hijacking situation as operational command ii. Will get inputs from AC and executive authority iii. follow the instructions from CC iii. Will get directions from COSAH iv. Home Secretory/DC/APD will heading the committee iv. DGCA is head of this committee 16 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 41. Difference between Specific Threat & Non-Specific Threat? Specific Threat Call Non-Specific Threat Call i. A warning where the threat permits identification of a i. A warning that can be related to one or more targets but specific target, or where the caller has positively identified where there is doubt about its credibility or about the himself or the organization involved and is judged credible. effectiveness of the existing counter measures. ii. Aircraft will be shifted to Isolation Bay ii No need to shift aircraft to the Isolation Bay iii. Aircraft searched by BDDS, Airline Engineers, Airline iii. Aircraft will be searched by Airline Engineer & Airline Security, ASG/APSU, Airworthiness Officer, etc Security iv. Hold baggage will be offload and send it to Security Check iv. BTAC will decide about offloading of Hold baggage 42. Difference between Shipper & Cargo Agent? Shipper Cargo Agent i. Shipper is nothing but Consignor, will sending the cargo i. Agent will receive the cargo from consignor ii. Will conduct business with the cargo agent ii. Will conduct business with the Aircraft Operator & Regulated Agent. 43. Difference between Catering Stores & Catering Supplies? Catering Stores Catering Supplies i. All items, other than catering supplies, associated with i. Food, beverages, other dry stores and associated passenger in-flight services. equipment used on board an aircraft. ii. Examples: newspapers, magazines, headphones, audio and video tapes, pillows and blankets, and amenity kits. ii. Examples: Food, beverages 44. Difference between Apron & Isolation Bay? Apron Isolation Bay i. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to i. A designated parking bay at the airport far away from the accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading main passenger terminal, exclusively designed for the passengers, mail or cargo, fueling, parking or maintenance. purpose of parking the affected aircraft in order to handle contingencies and other threat situations. 45. Difference between ASG & NSG? ASG NSG i. CISF is deployed as Aviation Security Group (ASG) at Airports i. Selected NSG personnel were deployed as IFSO in Aviation ii. ASG is under authority of Ministry of Civil Aviation (MCA) ii. NSG is under authority of Ministry of Home Affaires (MHA) iii. Safe guarding civil aviation against acts of unlawful iii. NSG is an Indian Special forces unit & trained and conduct interferences counter terrorist task to including counter hijacking tasks on land & air. iv. Responsible for Searching of passenger and their baggage at iv. Neutralization of specific terrorist threats & Handling airports hijacking situations v. Founded in 2000 v. Founded in 1984 46. Difference between Internal Audit & Regulatory Audit? Internal Audit Regulatory Audit i. An in-depth compliance examination of all aspects of the i. An in-depth compliance examination of all aspects of the implementation of the Aircraft Operators security programme. implementation of the national civil aviation security programme. ii. This audit will be conducted by Internal Auditor who has ii. This audit will be conducted by not the below rank of Asst certified by regulatory authority Commissioner from Regulatory authority iii. Quality control will be done as per Aircraft Operators QCP iii. As per NCASQCP 47. Difference between Security Inspection & Security Investigation? Security Inspection Security Investigation i. An examination of the implementation of relevant national i. An inquiry into any act or attempted act of unlawful civil aviation security programme requirements by an airline, interference against civil aviation and/or any alleged or airport, or other entity involved in security. suspected instance of non-compliance with a State’s National Civil Aviation Security Programme or other legal and/or regulatory requirements pertaining to civil aviation security. 17 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 48. Difference between Security Incident & Security Accident? Security Incident Security Accident i. Which takes place either on the ground or in flight, which i. Means an occurrence which results in death or grievous results in injury to a person, damage to property, fire and hurt to a person or major damage to the property breakage 49. Difference between Annex 17 & Doc 8973? Annex 17 Doc 8973 i. Its deals about safe guarding the worldwide Civil Aviation i. Following guidelines & procedures of Annex-17, called security Aviation Security Manual. ii. It has measures to prevent and suppress all acts of unlawful ii. Assists Member States in implementing Annex-17 to the interference against civil aviation throughout the world. Chicago Convention by providing guidance on how to apply its Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) iii. Annex 17 consist of two distinct types of guidance like iii. ICAO Security Manual is essentially informational in Standards & Recommended nature 50. Difference between Security Programme & Security Clearance? Security Programme Security Clearance i. Written measures specified by the commissioner to be i. Compliance with the security controls specified in the adopted by an entity to safeguard Civil Aviation against acts of NCASP with regard to any aircraft, person or object unlawful interference. 51. Difference between AEP & AVEP? Aerodrome Entry Permit (AEP) Airside Vehicle Entry Permit (AVEP) i. The photo identity card, smart card or temporary permit issued by the Director General, BCAS, Ministry of Civil Aviation or any person authorized by the Central Government for entry i. Vehicle permits issued and used to allow vehicular access into the aerodrome or part of an aerodrome to restricted areas of the airports ii. AEP will be issued by BCAS ii. AVEPs issued by Airport Operator 52. Difference between Vital Installation & Vulnerable point? Vital Installation Vulnerable point Any facility on or connected with an aerodrome, which, if Any facility on or connected with an airport, which, if damaged or destroyed, would seriously impair the functioning damaged or destroyed, would seriously impair the of the aerodrome functioning of the airport 53. Difference between Prohibited Items & Restricted Articles? Prohibited Items Restricted Articles A list of items i.e. weapons, explosives or other dangerous Articles which are, in the specific context of aviation security, devices, articles or substances which may be used to commit defined as those articles, devices or substances which may be an act of unlawful interference with civil aviation operations. used to commit an act of unlawful interference against civil Such list is established by the DG, BCAS based on a risk aviation or which may endanger the safety of the aircraft and assessment its occupants, or installations, or the public 54. Difference between EDS & EDDS? Explosive Detection System (EDS) Explosive Device Detection System (EDDS) A technology system or combination of different A technology system or combination of different technologies technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by means of indicate by means of an alarm, an explosive device by an alarm, explosive material contained in baggage or other detecting one or more components of such a device articles, irrespective of the material from which the bag is contained in baggage or other articles, irrespective of the made material from which the bag or article is made 55. Difference between Accompanied hold baggage & Unaccompanied hold baggage? Accompanied hold baggage Unaccompanied hold baggage Baggage that is transported as cargo and may or may not be Baggage which is accepted for carriage in the hold of an aircraft carried on the same aircraft with the person to whom it and which is checked in by the passenger who is on board belongs 18 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091  ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 1. What are the advantages of profiling? List there? i. It helps to divide the passengers into large group with little or no risk and small group who merit additional attention. ii. It helps to avoid application of additional security procedure on legitimate passenger. iii. Security staff can better focus on its resources with special attention on small selected group of suspected passenger. 2. Advantages and Limitations of ‘HHMD’? Advantages:- i. Useful in detecting metallic items both ferrous and non-ferrous, ii. Portable, Easy to use and easy to carry iii. Provide touch free security check, iv. It’s safe for Pace makers, Magnetic tapes and pregnant ladies. Limitations:- i. Give false alarm may malfunction, ii. Cannot detect non-metallic items, iii. Cannot detect plastic explosives, iv. Cannot detect replicas made of other materials or same components of IED may not be identified. v. Time consuming 3. Advantages and Limitations of “DFMD”? Advantages:- i. Can identify both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ii. Give fair idea of the location of metal in the body, iii. Faster way to check the passenger, iv. Easy to operate, v. Safe for pacemaker, magnetic tapes and pregnant ladies. Limitations:- i. Proper distance should be maintain between two persons, otherwise gives false alarm, (90 cm or 3 feet) ii. Can detect metallic items on a specific range only, iii. Cannot detect non-metallic prohibited items, iv. Cannot detect plastic explosives, v. Cannot detect replicas made of other materials or some components of IED may not be identified. 4. Advantages and disadvantages of ‘X-RAY BIS’? Advantages:- Disadvantages:- i. Enables speedy screening i. Only trained staff can operate (as good as the quality of screener) ii. Convenience to the passenger ii. Very costly iii. Less manpower required iii. Efficiency depends on human factor iv. Safe for food, drug and film iv. Not easily portable v. Provide better screening for electronic items v. Spare parts not available at all times (repair becomes difficult) 5. Advantages and limitations of “EVD/ETD”? Advantages: - i. Can detect almost all kinds of explosives, ii. Capable of detecting small amount of explosives, iii. Light weight, easy to carry, iv. Quick results (quick detects explosive concealed in baggage), v. Lesser false alarms. SABRE-4000 EVD IONSCAN 500DT ETD Limitations:- i. Cannot detects arms, detonators and power source, iv. Trained staff required, ii. Costly, v. Warm up time is very high (above 20 min) iii. Difficult to maintain, 6. “GATE PLANS / SCREENING POINTS”? CONCOURSE PLAN (Centralized):- Complete terminal building is made sterile. At the access point, screening of passenger and baggage is carried out. Advantages: - Disadvantages: - i. Less staff required i. Pax have to report well in advance for the checks ii. Less equipment required ii. Mixing of passengers of various flights, iii. More time available for staff to carry out checks iii. Requires security of a large area iv. Pax have no direct access to aircraft or apron 19 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 HOLDING AREA PLAN (Semi-Centralized):- An area is designated as security hold area and is made sterile. Advantages: - Disadvantages: - i. Less staff required i. To be secured when not in use, ii. Less equipment required ii. Pax have to report well in advance for the checks iii. Segregation of pax for different flights iii. Large area to controlled and secured when not in use iv. Less pressure to examine passenger BOARDING GATE PLAN (Decentralized):- Both the passenger and their baggage is checked before boarding to the aircraft. Advantages: - Disadvantages: - i. Reduces transfer of arms/dangerous devices, i. Less number of screening staff/equipment’s, ii. To be staffed only during screening ii. Access of the gate to be controlled, iii. Pax do not have to report very early iii. Pax can have access to aircraft or apron easily iv. Less time available for checks 7. Advantages and limitations of ‘HAND SEARCH”? Advantages: - Disadvantages: - i. Not required any equipment’s i. Cannot check large – labor intensive ii. Direct inspection of items ii. Difficult to search complex items iii. Most sense may be Touch, smell iii. Used – sight, trained staff required 8. ‘X-RAY’ Generator location and its advantages and disadvantages? The image of an object depends on the placement of the objects on the conveyor belt. The placement depends on the location of the x-ray generator. TOP-DOWN Beamer: - In this type of X-BIS the x-ray generator is located above the baggage inspection tunnel and the x-ray became are generates from top-down wards direction. TOP Generator Advantages:- Disadvantages:- i. Space saving design i. Performance limitation, ii. Low conveyor belt, ii. Unsafe for children as can be easily reached. iii. Easy to handle bulky baggage, iii. Bag cannot be feed vertically DOWN-TOP Beamer: - In this type of X-BIS generator is located below the baggage inspection tunnel and the X-ray beams are generated in down-up direction. DOWN Generator Advantages:- Disadvantages: - i. Space saving design, i. High conveyor belt, ii. High performance ii. Difficult to handle bulky baggage iii. Magnitude of Objects iii. Baggage cannot be put vertically SIDE Beamer: - In this type of X-BIS, the x-ray generator is in the side of machine and the x-ray beams are generated from side. SIDE Generator Advantages:- Disadvantages i. Low conveyor belt, i. Not a space saving design, ii. High performance, ii. Unsafe for children as can be reached easily, iii. Easy to handle bulky baggage. iii. Bag cannot be feed horizontally 9. Inline baggage system Advantages and Disadvantages? Advantages: Disadvantages: i. Multi-Level High tech screening system i. More man power required ii. Automatic machines ii. More Equipment’s required iii. Inbuilt Explosive detectors iii. Time taken process iv. High Through put rate iv. Very costly 10. SIMULATION CHAMBER (Decompression Chamber): - Simulation chamber is a cylindrical vessel mounted on a concrete slab with chamber walls which can withstand the pressure of explosion of 5kgs of TNT. It operates on the principle of activating the explosive device in the suspect object by simulating the physical conditions arising in a real air journey. Advantages: Limitations: i. Simulate cargo hold in flight conditions i. Expensive fixed installations ii. Activate barometric triggering devices ii. Not a detection system iii. Not required man power iii. Must be used in conjunction with a hold iv. Can screen large consignments iv. False sense of security 20 M. NALINI KUMAR – HYD – Turbo / 8985036091 11. Write two Advantage and Disadvantage of PIDS (Perimeter Intrusion Detection system)? Advantages: Disadvantages: i. Advanced defense technology against identity if theft and unauthorized entry i. Very costly or Expensive technology ii. Round clock monitoring system ii. Excessive False alarm rate iii. Audio alarm & Video motion technology signal iv. It can pin point intrusions fairly accurately v. Reduces manpower vi. High detection rate DEFINITIONS SCREENING: - The application of technical or other means which are intended to identify and /or detect weapons, explosives, or other dangerous devices which may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference. SABOTAGE: - An act or omission, indented to cause malicious or wanton destruction of property, endangering or resulting in unlawful interference with international civil aviation and its facilities. COOLING PIT: - It is a designated space in a remote area of the airside, in the space of a pit of size 4X4X4 feet with overhead protection, to place/dispose a suspected article found at the airport PROFILING: - Systematic observation of persons and baggage and questioning if necessary to categories them two groups. I.e. threatening and non-threatening so that more attention can be paid to the threatening category. BEHAVIOUR DETECTION: Within an aviation security environment, the application of techniques involving the recognition of behavioural characteristics, including but not limited to physiological or gestural signs indicative of anomalous behaviour, to identify persons who may pose a threat to civil aviation. SECURITY CONTROL:- A means by which the introduction of weapons, explosives or other dangerous devices, articles or substances which may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference can be prevented. EXPRESS CARGO : - Time defined material including freight, small parcels, documents and materials collected and delivered on door to door basis, is termed as Express Cargo. OR Means goods other than mail and accompanied or baggage involuntarily or inadvertently separated from passengers or crew which is required to be carried on priority basis by an aircraft operator; AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT: - An aircraft from the moment when all its external doors are closed following embarkation until the moment when such doors are opened for disembarkation. CARGO :- Any property carried on an aircraft other than mail, stores and accompanied or mishandled baggage. HUMAN FACTORS PRINCIPLES :-Principles which apply to design, certification, training, operations and