Minerals - Practice Questions PDF

Practice Questions Mineral Metabolism 1. Differentiate between Macrominerals and microminerals. 2. List the Macrominerals and micro minerals 3. Name the most abundant mineral in the body. 4. Explain the role of calcium in bone and teeth formation. 5. List the ho...

Practice Questions Mineral Metabolism 1. Differentiate between Macrominerals and microminerals. 2. List the Macrominerals and micro minerals 3. Name the most abundant mineral in the body. 4. Explain the role of calcium in bone and teeth formation. 5. List the hormones involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. 6. List the deficiency symptoms of calcium and the dietary sources of calcium 7. Explain the mechanism by which Fluoride addition in toothpaste prevents dental caries formation. 8. List the biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of Iron. 9. Explain the factors that increase and/or decrease iron absorption. 10. Explain the role of the following: Ferritin & transferrin 11. Explain the importance of Iodine in the diet. 12. Discuss the cause and symptoms of the following disorders: Cretinism and hypothyroidism. 13. Explain terms: Hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia. 14. List the main intracellular and extracellular cations. Practice MCQs 1. Which of the following best differentiates macrominerals from microminerals? A) Macrominerals are required in amounts less than 100 mg/day, while microminerals are required in larger amounts. B) Macrominerals are needed more than 100 mg/day, while microminerals are needed in lesser quantities. C) Microminerals are stored in large amounts in the body, while macrominerals are not. D) Macrominerals are involved in vitamin metabolism, while microminerals are not. Answer: B 2. Which of the following lists consists entirely of macrominerals? A) Iron, Zinc, Fluoride B) Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium C) Iodine, Selenium, Copper D) Manganese, Chromium, Zinc Answer: B 3. What is the most abundant mineral in the human body? A) Iron B) Phosphorus C) Calcium D) Sodium Answer: C 4. What is the primary role of calcium in bone and teeth formation? A) Enhances collagen synthesis in bones B) Combines with phosphorus to form hydroxyapatite crystals, providing strength and structure C) Regulates the mineralization process via osteoclasts D) Promotes soft tissue formation Answer: B 5. Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in calcium homeostasis? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Calcitonin C) Aldosterone D) Vitamin D Answer: C 6. Deficiency of calcium can lead to all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A) Osteoporosis B) Rickets C) Hypertension D) Muscle spasms Answer: C 7. How does the addition of fluoride in toothpaste prevent dental caries formation? A) Fluoride decreases saliva production, preventing bacteria growth. B) Fluoride strengthens the enamel by forming fluorapatite, making it more resistant to acid attack. C) Fluoride inhibits the absorption of calcium in the teeth, making them more resistant to decay. D) Fluoride kills all bacteria in the mouth, preventing plaque formation. Answer: B 8. Which of the following is a biochemical function of iron? A) Acts as a cofactor for vitamin D synthesis B) Transports oxygen in the blood as part of hemoglobin C) Regulates calcium absorption in the gut D) Neutralizes free radicals in cells Answer: B 9. Which factor increases the absorption of iron from the gut? A) High calcium intake B) Phytates in food C) Vitamin C consumption D) Presence of non-heme iron Answer: C 10. What is the main difference between ferritin and transferrin? A) Ferritin stores iron in tissues, while transferrin transports iron in the blood. B) Transferrin stores iron, while ferritin helps with iron absorption. C) Ferritin is a hormone regulating iron, while transferrin stores iron. D) Both are involved in oxygen transportation Answer: A 11. Why is iodine important in the diet? A) It is needed for red blood cell formation. B) It helps in the formation of hemoglobin. C) It is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism. D) It enhances the absorption of calcium. Answer: C 12. Which of the following defines cretinism? A) A condition characterized by delayed physical and mental development due to iodine deficiency. B) An overactive thyroid condition leading to increased metabolic rate. C) A genetic disorder leading to iron overload. D) A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency, affecting bone health. Answer: A 13. Which term refers to abnormally high levels of sodium in the blood? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hyponatremia C) Hypernatremia D) Hypokalemia Answer: C 14. Which cation is primarily intracellular? A) Sodium B) Calcium C) Potassium D) Chloride Answer: C