Midterms DOS Reviewer.pdf

MIL -shift from traditional industry through EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL AND industrialization, to an economy based NEW MEDIA on info computerization 1. Prehistoric Age (1500BC-1500AD) -highlights the rise of...

MIL -shift from traditional industry through EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL AND industrialization, to an economy based NEW MEDIA on info computerization 1. Prehistoric Age (1500BC-1500AD) -highlights the rise of digital technology -time before the existence of & the internet written/recorded history RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN -occurred around 4.5m years ago or 30k TRADITIONAL AND NEW MEDIA years Traditional media: one-directional, -also known as the STONE Age and the media experience is limited, sense of METAL Age because of the tools used. receptors are specific CLAY TABLETS in Mesopotamia (2400 New media: audiences are more BC.) involved, able to feedback PRINTING PRESS USING WOOD simultaneously, integrate all aspects of BLOCKS (220 AD) From China trad. media, more interactive -Prehistoric art is the earliest form of FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES OF NEW traditional media: Petroglyphs - carved, MEDIA Pictographs - painted. No concrete ➔ Interpersonal Communication system of writing. Orayi - song, Canao - Media: telephone & email, where dance offering content is private and perishable. 2. Industrial Age (1700s to 1930s) The relationship is more -began in Great Britain important than the information -shift from hand tools to power-driven conveyed machines ➔ Interactive Play Media: video & -association of factories & machines to computer-based industries ➔ Information Search Media: Telegraph: communication became information retrieval is no longer viable because of this (1844) limited to pcs. The Internet and Typewriter: used for writing characters World Wide Web are sources of a 3. Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) vast collection of information -Electronic is an object that has ➔ Collective participatory media: electronic components use of the Internet for sharing & -The Industrial & Electronic Age are exchanging info, ideas, and similar: thrived in manufacturing experiences industries NORMATIVE THEORIES OF THE PRESS Transistor Radio: introduced by Texas ❖ Authoritarian: communication is Instruments (TI) in 1954 controlled by the governing elite Television: began in the 1940s. to maintain power & prevent 4. Information/Digital Age dissent (1900s-2000s) ❖ Soviet Media: based on -offer endless possibilities Marxist-Leninist principles,  emphasizing media’s role in Give publicity to government & serving the working class political institutions ❖ Marxist: analyzes media’s role in Serve as a channel for the society through the lens of class advocacy of political viewpoints struggle & political education PHILIPPINE INTERNET TIMELINE ❖ Libertarian: minimal restrictions March 29, 1994: free & open web on communication, emphasizing August 1986: first Philippine-based individual judgment and freedom public-access BBS (bulletin board of expression system) ❖ Social Responsibility: allows free 1987: the Philippine FidoNet Exchange press while imposing obligations 1990: idea of creating an academic for public accountability & ethical network standards 1991-1993: Emergence of email ❖ Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel: gateways & services German philosopher known for July 1993: Phase one of Philnet his dialectical method, November 1993: additional P12.5m grant emphasizing the progression of March 29, 1994, 1:15am: Benjie Tan ideas through thesis, antithesis, established the PLDT network center and synthesis Evolution of Media ❖ Stalinist: associated with a 1500-Pre-colonial: Baybayin/Alibata regime of terror & totalitarian 1800-Print Industry & Filipino Freedom rule 1890 - broadcast industry ROLES & FUNCTIONS OF MEDIA IN A 1897 - european film import DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY 1922 - accepted radio news & -in the Colonial Period, people had been entertainment programs restricted to express their ideas 1980 - electronic age -demo (people), kratos (rule) means rule 1994 -local online media of the people 2011: Social Media Capital of the World -the Philippines 1986 & 2001, People INFORMATION LITERACY Power Revolutions perfectly show the Literacy is widely known as the ability to importance of the role of media in read & write. Always associated with a today’s society set of skills like reading & writing. Communication & Media function to: Fundamental human right & foundation Inform citizens of what is for lifelong learning. happening around them Empowerment is an idea of power, as Educate the audience as to the linked to the idea that power can meaning & significance of the change and shift from one to another. It facts is possible cause power can Provide a platform for public expand/diminish. political discourse, facilitate the Power is our ability to make others do formation of public opinion what we want. INFORMATION & INTERNET Broadcast Media: considered -the answer to a question, news, or data household media. Information Literacy: how we navigate ➔ RADIO: hear all kinds of news & the complex world of the internet music World Wide Web: global platform for ➔ TELEVISION: watch all types of knowledge-sharing events Internet: a global network of billions of Movies: oldest platform of media, a film computers & other electronic devices created by photographing scenes Domain: sites created by different Internet/New Media: one of the newest people/organizations. 3-letter code sources of media. preceded by a dot. (edu - educational Video Games: only grown in youth, institution, com - commercial entities, continue to grow popular because they org - nonprofit org, gov - govt org, net - increase interactivity & internet service providers) interconnectivity -Information seeking is a crucial part of Media Convergence: when different research, requires the use of necessary media sources join together. Ability to skills & knowledge. The need for info transform different kinds of media into depends on the task, relevance, and digital code. (Social network, Learning personal needs. management system, Product Sources of Information advertisement, News agency, 1. Popular Publication: general public as Multimedia personality) its target audience (journalistic articles, CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIA feature articles, manuals, flyers, etc) Print media, non-print media, electronic 2. Scholarly Publication: media. Projected media & non-projected well-researched, academic journals & media. Audio media, visual media, & published for specialists audio-visual. Hardware & software. 3. Trade Publication: popular appeal & MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES specialized knowledge Indigenous Media & Information: Format of Info Originate in a community of people PRINT - print resources, DIGITAL sharing culture, ideas, and beliefs. FORMATS - stored in electronic format, Whether in songs, folktales, carvings, or AUDIO & VIDEO - analog technology, other records. These can help keep a MICROFORM - photographed and culture & its traditions and beliefs alive developed from one generation to the next. It is TYPES OF MEDIA valuable because it preserves a Print Media: also known as the press, community’s culture but also expresses written and physically distributed. that culture & shares with other Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. communities. ➔ BOOKS: very first mass media Kapihan; community members gather ➔ MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS: to share stories, thoughts, and ideas features & articles Balitaktakan; a unified discussion opinion columns INVESTIGATIVE where everyone is equal & has a voice NEWS: has a very specific relation to Kuwentong Barbero; shared with & by power. ADVERTISEMENTS are messages one’s barber. that are created to sell a MEDIA AND INFORMATION product/services. HARD-SELL: utilizes LANGUAGES explicit messages. SOFT-SELL: associate Media Languages: codes and symbols in nature. INFOMERCIAL: to that indicate the meaning of media inform/educate ENTERTAINMENT: hold messages attention, keep you busy/amused. Codes: a system/collection of signs that FORMAT: templates that provide the create meaning. SEMIOTICS is the study working & provisional structures of of signs. media & information texts. Three Types of Media Codes PERDEV SYMBOLIC: setting, mise en scene, Personality: set of emotional qualities & acting and color. behaviors that differentiate individuals. TECHINCAL: sound, camera angles, Attractive qualities that make a person types of shots and lighting. Every shot is interesting/pleasant to be with. (He has chosen for a reason. Camerawork, a very pleasant personality.) editing, audio, lighting. Photo caption, Personal: relates to an individual rather comic strips, and camera shot framing. than a group. Concerns one’s private WRITTEN: use of language style and life. (This is just my personal opinion.) textual layout. (Headlines, typeface, Development: act/process of slogans, captions, style, choice of words, growing/causing something to emphasis of words.) Conventions: grow/become larger/more advanced. accept ways of using media codes. Personal Development: Reflects on Form: certain ways we expect types of growth & understanding. Involves media codes to be arranged. Story: acceptance & learning new values, common narrative structures for attitudes, behaviors, and thinking skills. storytelling. Genre: formal/thematic. Process of striving to be the best that Types of Signs you can be. REGULATORY: inform road users of Adolescence: transition period between traffic laws & regulations. childhood & early adulthood. (EARLY WARNING: warn motorists of ADOLESCENCE- rapid pubertal change, potentially hazardous conditions. MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE- pubertal GENRE: a French word which means changes, LATE ADOLESCENCE- full kind or class. NEWS: critical importance adult appearance & assumption of adult to community & national life. HARD roles.) NEWS: first page of a newspapers. SOFT ORIGINS OF PERDEV NEWS: human interest stories. Aristotle: Greek philosopher who FEATURES: extensions of soft news. shaped Western theories of personal OPINION & EDITORIAL: editorials and development. Defined perdev as DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE PHRONESIS (practical wisdom.) ARETE -from ADOLESCERE which means grow (practice of virtues) leading to into maturing EUDAIMONIA (human flourishing). Puberty: process of physical changes Confucius: The Ethics of Confucius. The Transitional Period: individual’ status is Great Chinese being will always desire vague & there is confusion as they are to become the “superior man.” neither children nor adults Religions: ABRAHAMIC and INDIAN: Purpose of Adolescence: psychologically prayer, music, dance, singing, chanting, & socially transform into a young adult, poetry, writing, sports, martial arts. breaking from their childhood PSYCHOLOGY’S ROLE: the study of attachment human thinking & behavior underpins Puberty is Challenging: hormonal & personal development. HUMANISTIC biological changes that occur can lead PSYCHOLOGY: school of thought led by adolescents to feel anxious & Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers, self-conscious require more privacy and foundational to contemporary perdev become preoccupied w/their theories. (ABRAHAM MASLOW: father of appearance humanistic psychology. CARL ROGERS: KNOWING ONESELF humanistic psychologist.) Self: union of elements; body, thoughts, Hierarchy of Needs: human needs are feelings, or emotions and sensations arranged in a hierarchy, with basic that constitute your physical attributes, survival needs at the base. health, posture, and poise Self-Actualization: Is ongoing, with Self/Personal Development: individual individuals always ‘becoming.’ Realize encounters gradual changes deep their full potential and seek personal within that may help overcome growth. unacceptable practices/traits which HUMAN NATURE PERSPECTIVE: lead to positive change. KNOW emphasizes the duality of human THYSELF- knowing the extent of one's nature, encompassing both positive abilities. LEVIATHAN- could learn more strengths & weaknesses. by studying others. POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: individuals Rene Descartes: Father of Modern inherently seek meaningful & fulfilling Philosophy, proposed his theory that a lives. person’s existence depends on their Personal Development in the Workplace perception. The mind is the seat of Shift in responsibility: responsibility for consciousness. perdev shifted from companies to SELF-CONCEPT: our individual individuals. perceptions of our behavior, abilities, Peter Drucker’s Insights (‘99): and unique characteristics - mental unprecedented opportunities available picture of who you are as a person. for individuals to succeed regardless of Self-Concept is Learned: a person their starting point. gains self-concept when they learn how to mingle with others. Influenced by the CHALLENGES IN MIDDLE person’s environment. ADOLESCENCE Self-Concept is Organized: a person -adolescents become morally aware may hear the other people’s pov (morality: beliefs about what is right regarding themselves, but will keep on and what is wrong) believing that how they think of -have the potential ability for abstract themselves is always the right one. thinking which is characterized by the Self-Concept is Dynamic: a person will ability to apply concepts & create & respond to the scenario based on their comprehend generalizations own insights and how they perceive -experience desire for independence, themselves in that situation. which is the freedom from the control of FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY: other people human behavior is the result of the LATE ADOLESCENCE: attain increased interactions among 3 component parts independence and emotional stability, of the mind: ID: instinctual drives & the which enables a person to manage her pleasure principle. EGO: mediates emotions & life. Attain the ability to between desires & reality, seeking think about ideas logically, make plans, practicality. SUPEREGO: enforces moral and gain a firm sense of identity. standards and acts as the conscience. Concerned with romantic relationships. Ideal Self: who you aspire to be. Actual Identity: set of qualities & beliefs that Self: the one who you actually see. make one person/group. STAGES OF Self-Image: view you have of HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT: yourself/how you want others to see Physical growth, Intellectual cognition, you. Autonomy, Body image, Peer group, Self-Esteem/Self-Worth: how much Identity development value you place on yourself Challenges: Relationships Ideal Self: what you wish you were ➔ Peer: friends, neighbors, really like teammates, and classmates; Self-Confidence: a trust in oneself, enables an adolescent to have believing in one’s aptitude, and making independence from their parents a choice, ➔ Family: immediate family Self-Efficacy: a person’s belief in their members. Makes him/her feel ability to accomplish a specific secured & loved goal/task. Generally corresponds to the ➔ Romantic: interpersonal level of competence an individual feels. relationship that involves Strengths: we are attracted to, execute intimacy and passion well, lose track of time, energize, and Challenges: Social continually improve. Weaknesses: we ➔ Youth violence: intentional use of dislike, negative emotions, avoid as physical force/power to threaten much as possible. or harm young people.  ➔ Bullying: abuse & mistreatment levels. The sympathetic nervous system of someone vulnerable by promotes the fight-or-flight response someone stronger/powerful. while the parasympathetic nervous ➔ Sexual Assault: illegal sexual system helps calm the body once the contact that involves force upon threat is gone. a person w/o consent STRESSORS: cause of stress ➔ Substance Abuse: long-term, EUSTRESS - the positive stress pathological use of response, involving optimal levels of alcohol/drugs. stimulation. A type of stress that results ➔ Malnutrition: refers to faulty from challenging but attainable & nutrition due to enjoyable/worthwhile tasks. (ex. Athletic inadequate/unbalanced intake of event, giving a speech) nutrients/their impaired DISTRES: negative stress response, assimilation or utilization often involving negative affect & ➔ Reproductive Health: condition physiological reactivity: a type of stress in which the reproductive that results from being overwhelmed by functions & processes are demands, losses, or perceived threats. accomplished in a state of Triggers physiological changes that can complete physical, mental, and pose serious health risks. social well-being SIGNS OF STRESS ➔ Lack of education: condition in Cognitive signs: difficulty concentrating, which a person has a worrying, anxiety below-average level of Emotional signs: being angry, irritated, knowledge fearful, moody ➔ Family problems: conflict with Physical signs: high bp, headaches, family members sweaty hands, etc STRESS Behavioral signs: poor self-care, not -can be defined as a state of having time for the things you enjoy, worry/mental tension caused by a relying on substances difficult situation. -natural human response Fight or Flight: body’s way of responding to any kind of demand/threat. A way of protecting you. When you feel threatened, your nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones. Your body can stay in fight-or-flight for 20-60mins after the threat is gone, which is how long it takes for the parasympathetic nervus system to return it to pre-arousal