PHL 150 Fall 2024 Midterm Review Questions PDF

Midterm Review PHL 150: Fall 2024 1) What are the Four Main Branches of philosophy? 2) What does the word “Sophos” mean? 3) True or False: Sophists became the first professional teachers by charging students? 4) Explain the Socratic Method of Inquiry 5) Describe a Paradigmatic Indivi...

Midterm Review PHL 150: Fall 2024 1) What are the Four Main Branches of philosophy? 2) What does the word “Sophos” mean? 3) True or False: Sophists became the first professional teachers by charging students? 4) Explain the Socratic Method of Inquiry 5) Describe a Paradigmatic Individual 6) What was the name of Plato’s school? Name of his most famous writing? 7) Describe the Platonic Form. 8) Know the Allegory of the Cave. 9) What was the name of Aristotle’s school? 10) Who was Aristotle’s most famous student? 11) True or False: Aristotle tried to separate philosophy and nature/natural science? 12) Be able to explain each of Aristotle’s 4 Causes. 13) What did Aristotle call the beginning thing that was “fully actualized potential?” 14) Define Eudaimonia. 15) Describe Aristotle’s Golden Mean 16) Explain what a Moral Exemplar is. 17) Cyrenaic Hedonism describes what Hedonistic philosopher? 18) What is the difference between the Hedonism of Aristippus and that of Epicurus? 19) Define the philosophy of Cynicism. 20) Define the philosophy of Stoicism. 21) Who were the two main proponents of Stoicism? What makes them similar? Different? 22) True or False: Stoicism teaches that we have no influence over the outcomes of our lives? 23) Who was the Plato of the Middle Ages? Know why he was considered this. 24) Who was the Aristotle of the Middle Ages? Know why he was considered this. 25) What is “Neoplatonism?” Who was the Neo-Platonic philosopher who developed the metaphysical idea of “the One?” 26) Medieval Philosophy was marked by the emergence of what belief in the Western world? 27) Describe Manicheanism… 28) True or False: Augustine believed that human reason was sufficient without needing God’s grace? 29) Know the Law of Contradiction (Law of Non-contradiction). 30) Explain Natural Theology 31) Explain Natural Law 32) Know Aquinas’ 5 Proofs and be able to explain each one. 33) Define the “Problem of Evil.” 34) What 3 major events led to the time period known as Modernity? 35) The “Baconian Method” was the first type of what? 36) How did Thomas Hobbes describe humanity’s natural desire to have chaos? What was the only thing keeping us from living in this chaos? 37) Who was the main rationalist thinker of the Enlightenment? 38) Describe Methodic Doubt. 39) What does Cogito, ergo sum mean? 40) Describe “innate ideas.” 41) Describe Pascal’s Wager. 42) What does Tabula Rosa mean? What idea was it countering? 43) Know the three different kinds of knowledge according to John Locke. 44) Was Baruch Spinoza a rationalist or empiricist? 45) What is philosophical determinism? 46) Idealism / Immaterialism was an empirical philosophy developed by who? 47) Who was the strict empiricist who concluded that if a tree fell in the forest we could never know if it made a sound unless we were there to hear it? 48) What does esse est percipi mean? 49) Who was the man known as the “Outlaw Philosopher?” Why? 50) Define Deism. 51) The Philosopher who developed the social philosophy of “The Party of Humanity.” 52) Voltaire was not primarily a scholarly philosopher, but wrote his philosophy within what? 53) Who was the most famous skeptic of the Enlightenment? 54) Describe Skepticism and The Science of Man 55) Describe the Empirical Test of Meaning. 56) David Hume describe Empirical Limits on 4 Specific Things…what were they and describe the limits on each one 57) Who is known as the Father of Economics? 58) Describe laissez faire economics. 59) What were Adam Smith’s 3 Stages of The Evolution of Human Society? 60) What is the measurement of a country’s wealth based on imports and exports vs. the amount of gold and silver it possesses? Who came up with this measurement?