Philosophy Midterm Exam Answers PDF

**1.What is philosophy from etymological aspect?** - Love of wisdom - Study of wisdom - Love of wise - Philosophical life style - Love of presence **2."Its origin is from Greek root and means "love of wisdom" "What is this definition of?\"** - Philosophy - Psychology - Anthr...

**1.What is philosophy from etymological aspect?** - Love of wisdom - Study of wisdom - Love of wise - Philosophical life style - Love of presence **2."Its origin is from Greek root and means "love of wisdom" "What is this definition of?\"** - Philosophy - Psychology - Anthropology - Epistemology - Axiology **3. We sometimes, perhaps wrongly, use the term "philosophy" to refer to a person's code of values or the beliefs by which they live such as:** - Arif\`s philosophy of flying - Socratic views - Aristotle's philosophy - Plato\`s philosophy of ideas - Ibn Sina\`s philosophy of human being **4Which of these definitions are related to the true nature of philosophy?** 1\) academic discipline. 2**) A methodology which lies at the root of all subjects.** 3\) Love of life. 4\) **Knowledge of wisdom.** 5\) Academic career. 6\) **The practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them via thinking and writing.** 7\) Experimental endeavor. 8\) Scientific experience. **9) The attempt to think rationally and critically about the most important questions of life to obtain knowledge and wisdom about them.** 10\) Solving scientific problems. - 2,4,6,9; - 1,2,3,6;7; - 2,3,8;9,10; - 1,2,4,6,7,9,10; - 2,4,6,7,8,9 **5. Epistemology is...** - Philosophical study of knowledge. - the psychological study of knowledge - axiological study of wisdom. - justified true belief. - Philosophical study of ethics **6.The primary problem of epistemology is...** - what we need in order to have knowledge and how we can know. - \"what we need in order to have values. - what we need in order to have specific psychological knowledge. - what we need in order to have things and to order them. - what we need in order to have humanistic characters. **7. According to Plato, knowledge is...** - justified true belief - justified real belief - justified truth - true belief - justified true religious belief. **8. Why are beliefs important?** - Because our behaviors are not unimportant and behaviors depend on our beliefs. - Because our psychology is important and our psychological problems depends on our behaviors. - Because our behavior is unimportant and our behaviors depend on our beliefs. - Because our life is important and our lifestyle depends on our experiences. - Because our beliefs are important and our beliefs depend on our imaginations. 9\. The study of "ultimate reality" or how things really are\... All of them God Matter and nature Human being Mind and body **10. We sometimes, perhaps wrongly, use the term "philosophy"...** - to refer to a person's code of values or the beliefs by which they live such as: Kant\`s philosophy of flying - \"Socratic views - \"Aristotle's philosophy - Plato\`s philosophy of ideas - Ibn Sina\`s philosophy of human being **11. \"How many questions are related to metaphysics?** What is truth? How many people have social problem in their life? Is there a God? What kind of methods help us to investigate human\`s psychological problems? What is human being? What is a reality of person? Why is existence of animals important in our universe? Is the world strictly composed of matter? Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to the body? Did philosophy originate in Africa, China, or Greece? Do people have free wills? Can there be a unity behind the apparent plurality of things? What is meaning or importance of God in human being\`s life?\" - 9; - 5; - 3; - 7; - 6; **12. The essential question of epistemology is...** - what do we need in order to have knowledge and how can we know? - what do we need in order to have values? - what do we need in order to have specific metaphysical knowledge? - what do we need in order to have things and to order them? - what do we need in order to have humanistic characters? **13. \"Philosophical study of knowledge".** **This definition is related to...\"** - epistemology - philosophy - axiology - the psychological study of knowledge - axiological study of wisdom. **14. According to \`\`Theaetetus\`\`, knowledge is...** - justified true belief. - justified real belief. - justified truth. - true belief. - justified true religious belief **15. It means "love of wisdom"** - Philosophy - Psychology - Anthropology - Epistemology - Axiology **16. From etymological aspect philosophy is?** - Love of wisdom - Study of wisdom - Love of wise - Love of presence - Philosophical life style **17. Beliefs are important. Because...** - our behaviors are not unimportant and behaviors depend on our beliefs. - our psychology is important and our psychological problems depends on our behaviors - our behavior is unimportant and our behaviors depend on our beliefs. - our life is important and our lifestyle depends on our experiences. - our beliefs are important and our beliefs depend on our imaginations. **18. \"He was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. He was regarded as the first philosopher by Aristotle. Furthermore, he attempted to explain natural evident and phenomena without reference to mythology and his approach to the natural phenomena was influential on the other philosophers\` philosophy of nature. His rejection of mythological explanations became an essential idea for the scientific revolution. Who is this text about?\"** - Thales - Plato - Anaximander - Empedocles - Theaetetus **19. \"What kind of question is related to social and political philosophy?** **1. What is the origin of state?** 2\. Is it possible that human know everything? **3. What is the true nature of state**? 4\. What is the true nature of truth? **5. Why we need state?** **6. What model of state can be good for society?** 7\. What kind of relationship is there between mind and body? **8.What kind of values should politicians have?** **9.What kinds of ethical and political values make the people of state happy?** **10.What kind of relationship is there between society and state?\"** - 1,3,5,6,8,9,10; - 3,4,5,6,8,9,10; - 1,5,6,7,8,9,10; - 1,4,5,7,8,9,10; - 1,4,6,7,8,9,10 20\. What is Axiology? Philosophical study of value; Relationships between people\`s behaviors; Philosophical study of sociological problem; Psychological investigation in the field of behavior; Physical approach to natural evident. **21.How many questions are not related to metaphysics?** What is truth? **How many people have social problem in their life?** Is there a God? **What kind of methods help us to investigate human\`s psychological problems?** What is human being? What is a reality of person? **Why is existence of animals important in our universe?** Is the world strictly composed of matter? Do people have minds? How is the mind related to the body**?** **Did philosophy originate in Africa, China, or Greece?** Do people have free wills? What is meaning or importance of God in human being\`s life? - 4 - 9 - 5 - 7 - 6 **22. Metaphysics is...** - The study of ultimate reality or how things really are; - study of love - endeavor of study of relationships between human beings - study of knowledge - study of etymological aspects of presence. **23. What is Ontology?** - Philosophical study of existence and its properties and study of meaning of being - philosophical study of relationships of human being; - philosophical study of human being\`s ethical behavior; - philosophical endeavor in order to purification of soul; - philosophical endeavor in order to get experience in the field of philosophy. **24.Ethics is....** - the study of ethics concerns what we ought to do in the relationships to others and what will be best to do. - the study of the rules of correct reasoning. - attempting to study presence and to get fundamental understanding of the universe. - one of the most important elements in the attainment of wisdom. - the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. **25. One of these is related to metaphysical question?** - What is truth?;What is human being? - How do we know what we know? - What is knowledge? - What is water? - Is morality objective or subjective? **26. \"Which ones are not related to the true nature of philosophy?** 1)an academic discipline. 2\) A methodology which lies at the root of all subject. **3) Love of life.** 4\) Knowledge of wisdom**.** **5) Academic career.** 6\) The practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them via thinking and writing. **7) Experimental endeavour.** **8) Scientific experience**. 9\) The attempt to think rationally and critically about most important questions of life in order to obtain knowledge and wisdom about them**.** **10) Solving of scientific problem**. \" - 3,5,7,8,10; - 1,2,3,6;7; - 2,3,8;9,10; - 1,2,4,6,9; - 2,4,6,7,8,9 **27.Which one is related to the deductive method?** - All being that is alive, is mortal; - All being that is alive is not mortal; - Therefore all being that is alive is mortal. - therefore all being that is not alive is mortal; - So some of beings that are alive, are mortal. **28. Happiness is...** - a main conception of ethics - a main conception of philosophy of nature. - a main conception of axiology - a main conception of epistemology - a main conception of ontology **29. Which one is an ethical question?** - What is happiness? What is true nature of happiness in itself? - Are all entities objects? - How do the properties of an object relate to the object itself? - What is a physical object? - what does it mean to say that a non-physical entity exists? **30. Which one is an Aesthetic question?** - Can we be justified in claiming of beauty is changeable according to person? - What is happiness? What is true nature of happiness in itself? - What is the origin of state? - What is the true nature of state? - What model of state can be good for society? **31.The study of....... concerns what we ought to do in the relationships to others and what will be best to do.** - Ethics; - Axiology; - Psychology; - Aesthetics; - Epistemology **32. One of these is about metaphysics.** - The study of "ultimate reality" or how things really are. - Study of knowledge - the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. - the study of second element of the natural world. - psychological study of the nature of human being. **33. Which one is an aesthetic question?** - Can we be justified in claiming of beauty is changeable according to person? - What is right? What makes actions right? - How should I treat others? - Is morality objective or subjective? - Is existence a property? **34. Mindset...** - can damage people's life, even can kill them. - is a methodology which lies at the root of all subject. - is a practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them in thinking and writing. - is a conceptual analysis or logical scrutiny of general ideas (philosophy) and data gathering and experimentation (science) - is a study of "ultimate reality" or how things really are. **35.Wise is** - a person who attempt to study presence and to get fundamental understanding of the universe. - a person who conciders importance of evil in our life? - a simplistic distortions of a type of person. - a predictor solar eclipse. - a person that never takes an active role in the politics of society. **36. What is the true nature of hylozoism?** - according to hylozoism all thing in the nature is alive. - is to believe that all things in the nature is not alive. - is to believe that universe was not created by God or Gods. - is to believe that there is a unity behind the apparent plurality and diversity of things. - is to believe that water as the single element of the universe. **37.Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes are....** - the representatives of Miletius philosophical school. - the representatives of Miletius psycological school. - the representatives of systematic period of history of philosophy. - the representatives of anthropological period of history of philosophy. - the representatives of Sophists. **38. Which thoughts are not related to Democritus\`s philosophy**? - Minded soul of world or Nous - Everything is the result of natural laws - The conception of Atom - Gods are not out of the deterministic laws. - Human soul consists of the active thin atoms and these atoms spread in the body. **39. \"The following logical proposition is an example of......** **1. All being that is alive, is mortal.** **2. Ibrahim is a being alive.** **3. So, Ibrahim is a mortal being \"** - deductive method - ethics; - aesthetics; - inductive method; - mathematics; **40. The main priority of democratic life is freedom of speech/thinking. Freedom of speech and thinking is basic principle from the aspect of expression peoples themselves. But sometimes...... prevent freedom of speech and thinking.** - National mindset - Philosophy - Work - Psychology - Social problems **41. People are afraid of living their own life what they want. Mainly they have to consider a question «What will others say?». It can be said that sometimes...... causes people to live others\` life.** - the problems of national mentality - Social problems - international problems - domestic problems - democracy **42. According to the Sophists...** - true is not one and it is plenty depends on number of philosophers. - everything is the result of natural laws - \`\`Existing\`\` has not occurred and will never disappear. And Existing is eternal and endless. - atom is a particular piece of the existing. - Nous caused cosmos. **43. Is there true in the universe? This is main question in....... philosophy.** - Sophists\` - Democritus\`s - Anaximander\`s - Thales\`s - Pre-Socratic philosophers\` **44. Protagoras is a one of the representative of......** - Sophists. - \"Pre-Socratic period of the history of philosophy. - \"Eleatic school of philosophy. - Miletius school of philosophy. - Anaxagoras\`s school of philosophy. **45. According to Xenophanes\`s theology**.... - Gods are fruit of human imagination. But, there is one God. - God has body, sound, desires, senses and etc. - all activity, behavior like robbery, unchastity, lie and etc. could be attributed to God. - there are many Gods in the universe. - God was born. **46. "All presence consists of numbers".** - According to Pythagoras. - According to Anaximenes. - According to Thales. - According to Heraklitus - According to Parmenides. **47. Logos is...** - divine reason in the universe. - ethical theory in Pythagorean\`s conception. - "Nous" or "minded soul of world" - not God - world of truth\`\` **48. According to Parmenides....** - \`\`world of truth\`\` is \`\`God\`\`. There is not any changeable in the existence of God - All thing is managed by God via thought. - Air, water, fire and earth are first elements of the natural universe. - There are mixture and separation among the elements via love and strife. - These four elements can be divided into the smallest particular. **49. "--He believed in transmigration, or the reincarnation of the soul again and again into the bodies of humans, animals, or vegetables until it became immortal. He and his followers never accepted sacrifice and never ate meat and some vegetables. They used to keep themselves away from the physical pleasure to get away from periodic transmigration of soul". Question: Who are these thoughts about**? - Pythagoras and his followers - Plato and his followers - Anaxagoras and his followers - Parmenides and his followers - Sophists and their followers **50. Xenophanes argued that...** - Gods are fruit of human imagination. But, there is one God and was not born and will never die. God is not similar to human being. The features that do not fit to moral cannot be attributed to God. - Gods are not fruit of human imagination. There are many Gods in the univers, so there is not one God. Gods were born and will die. Gods are similar to human being. The features that fits to moral cannot be attributed to Gods. - All activity, behavior like robbery, unchastity, lie and etc. could be attributed to God. - The things are not managed by God via thought. - God has body, sound, desires, senses and etc. **51. One of them is not connected with the fundamental virtues of life according to Pythagoras\`s philosophy.** - arrogance - Sobriety or middle way; Simplicity; - Endurance in the face of difficulties; Keeping of mental and physical health; - Loyalty to gods and parents and friends and laws, rules. - Control and domination on the soul and desires; **52. " True thought is thinking of existence" What did Parmenides mean with this thesis?** - Parmenides made contact between thought and entity. - Parmenides made contact between thought and "world of truth" - Parmenides made contact between entity and "world of truth" - Parmenides made contact between thought and "minded soul of world" - Parmenides did not make contact between thought and existence. **53. \`\`All thing is on the process of changing\`\`.Which one does mean same thought?** - "You cannot wash twice in the same river". - "Changing is a result of conflict of antipoles". - "Universe is a result of conflict of antipoles". - "There is a divine reason that changes everything in the universe". - There is no meaning in the life without changing. **54. \"What kinds of thoughts belongs to Heraclitus\`s philosophy?** 1)Every thing came from earth and one day will come back to the earth". 2)Human soul consists of the active thin atoms and these atoms spread in the body and circulate in it. **3)"You cannot wash twice in the same river".** 4)God is one. God cannot be compared with the properties of Homeros\`s gods. **5)Universe is a result of conflict of antipoles.** 6)This world never change, and it is static and immobile. 7)There are mixture and separation among the elements via love and strife. **8)Fire is a first element of the existence.** 9)True cannot be studied and known. 10)The first element of the nature is earth. \" - 3, 5, 8; - 3, 6, 7, 8; - 4, 9, 10; - 2, 3, 7; - 1, 3, 5; **55...... argued that Nous is eternal and endless, minded soul of world and is God and caused cosmos.** - Anaxagoras - Plato - Socrates - Anaximenes - Aristotles **56. He is Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematicians, mystic, scientist and a founder of the religious movement and took an active role in the politics of Croton and author of theorem that called by his name.** - Pythagoras - Farabi - Aristotles - Thales - Plato **57. "True is not one and it is plenty depends on number of philosophers". According this thesis...** - True is different according to people. - True is not different according to philosophers. - True is not plenty depends on people. - There is not a lot of true among people. - There is a contact between true and human being. **58.On the Anthropological Period in the history of philosophy**... - study of nature gave its place to the study of human being, human\`s thought and human\`s will. - law, arrangement and activity of the universe were explained from the aspect of determinism. - air, water, fire and earth were accepted as first elements of the natural universe by philosophers. - air, water, fire and earth were not accepted as first elements of the natural universe by philosophers. - philosophers never accepted "world of truth" as God. **59. How many periods does history of philosophy consist of?** - 4 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 **60. Who are Sophists?** - Who lived on the period of the philosophers of nature and Democritus and studied the topic of human being. - Who lived on the period of Miletien philosophers and were interested in philosophy of nature. - Who lived on the period of moder philosophy and accepted that the ture is one and unchanged. - Who lived on the period of Pre-Socratic philosophy and argued that Nous is eternal and endless. - Who lived on the period of Pre-Socratic age and accepted the conception of inactivity in the universe. **61. Three conceptions were important in Zeno\`s philosophy.** - Immutability, inactivity and variety. - Variety, Nous and Logos. - Nous, Variety and "reason of world". - Immutability, Nous and variety. - Inactivity, logos and variety. 62 05 2 He was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic. He is best known for his paradoxes, which Bertrant Russel has described as \"immeasurably subtle and profound\" Question: Who are these thoughts about? Zeno Parmenides Heraclitus Plato Anaxagoras **63. \"Entity = thought/thinking Nonexistent is not = Thought** **It means that...\"** - we cannot think nonexistent and it cannot be expressed by concepts. - we can think nonexistent and it cannot be expressed by concepts. - we cannot think existent and it can be expressed by concepts. - we cannot think nonexistent and it can be expressed by concepts. - we can think nonexistent and it can be expressed by concepts. **64...... was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy. The single known work is a poem -"On Nature"** - Parmenides - Pythagoras - Heraclitus - Farabi - Anaxagoras **65. What subjects are brunches of Axiology?** - Ethics and Aesthetics - Ethics and Metaphysics - Epistemology and Metaphysics - Aesthetics and Epistemology - Logic and Ethics **66. Which one is true?** - Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality - Metaphysics and Ontology are the brunches of Epistemology. - Plato is a representetive of Peripatetizm school of philosophy. - Epistemology is the study of "ultimate reality" or how things really are. - Axiology is the philosophical study of metaphysical problems. **67. \"What is happiness? What is true nature of happiness in itself? What can makes human being happy? Is there any origin of happiness? Do religion and belief in God drive human being to happiness? Question: What subject is interested in these questions directly?\"** - Ethics - Logic - Metaphyisics - Epistemology - Ontology **68. Which one is true?** - Axiology is not the philosophical study of metaphysical problems. - Ontology is not the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality. - Aristotle is not a representetive of Peripatetizm school of philosophy. Metaphysics and Ontology are the brunches of Epistemology. - Aesthetics is study of knowledge. **69. One of the questions does not belong to Epistemology**. - Do people have free wills? - What is knowledge? - Do we know anything at all? - How do we know what we know? - Can we be justified in claiming to know certain things? **70. \"What is right? What makes actions right? Is morality objective or subjective? How should I treat others? All this question is...** - Ethical question - Epistemological question - Ontological question - Psychological question - Aesthetical question **71. Why Thales is the first philosopher in Greek thought?** - Because he referenced natural processes themselves and explained natural phenomena via a rational approach. - Because he divided all subject into two groups. - Because he did not reference natural processes themselves and explained natural phenomena via a mythological explanations. - Because he never rejected mythological explanations. - Because he predicted solar eclipse. **72. Which one of them is arche or a single material substance according to Thales** - Water - Fire - Air - Earth - All of them **73. One of the thoughts is false.** - According to Democritus all things are full of gods. - Arche is the first principle of all process in the universe. - Archetype is an image that all humans use to represent the essential qualities of some "type," the epitome of some kind. - Anaximander was the student of Thales - Anaximander was the first philosopher that used the term of \`\`Apeiron\`\` in the field of philosophy. **74. \"The second philosopher of Miletus School. Student of Thales and invented \`\`sundial (sun o\`clock)\`\` at first time. The first philosopher that used the term of \`\`Apeiron\`\` in the field of philosophy. Who was that philosopher?\"** - Anaximander; - Anaximenes; - Anaxagoras; - Thales; - Empedocles **75. \"He said air is first element or the origin of the nature and it is endless and eternal. Our spirits is air and air contains all thing. Question: Who was that philosopher?\"** - Anaximenes; - Anaximander; - Thales; - Zeno; - Parmenides **76. According to Anaximander\`s philosophy "Boundless" is....** - not created and it is eternal and includes all element of the universe. - created and it is not eternal and includes some elements of the universe. - not enough to give variety things to exist. - a number and all thing consists of numbers, so the correct description of reality must be expressed in terms of mathematical formulas. - a God\`s soul or reason of world. **77."You cannot wash twice in the same river". It means that....** - there is nothing in the universe that never chaned. - you do not have to wash twice in the same river. - You have to change river if you want to wash twice in it. - all thing is not on the process of changing. - you will be able to wash twice in the river if you really want. **78. In the Heraclitus philosophy the name of the divine reason is...** - Logos; - Logic; - Nous; - Boundless; - Chaos **79. \"He was an Ancient Greek philosopher and born in Abdera, Thrace in Greece. He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher who formulated an atomic theory of the universe. Question: Who was that philosopher?\"** - Democritus; - Empedocles; - Heraclitus; - Xenophanes; - Zeno **80. "Human is a measure of all thing". It means that....** - There is not universal true. Every people has his/her opinion related to true. - True is changeable according to people. there is universal true. - True is not changeable according to people. - Human is excellent entity in the universe. Human can manage all thing. - Human can be aware of reality of the things. **81. According to...... there is a universal true. Teacher does not have to teach for money. Dialogue is a method of philosophical discussion. There is relationship between true knowledge and virtue. So value is a true knowledge.** - Socrates; - Farabi - Thales; - Zeno; - Plato; **82. \"According to the ancient philosopher there is relationship between knowledge and virtue. So, we can infer from this thought that...\"** - Human will never harm if he/she knows that harm is evil. - Human will never harm if he/she does not know that harm is evil. - Human can know good and bad. - If human know good, he/she will understand the true nature of life. - Human cannot realize virtue in his/her life even he/she knows it. **83. One thoughts about Socrates\`s philosophy is true.** - Teacher does not have to teach for money. - Dialogue is not a main method of philosophical discussion. - There is a universal true. There is many true in universe. - Logos is sound of God or divinity sound. - Human soul consists of the active thin atoms and these atoms spread in the body and circulate in it. **84. Who formulated an atomic theory of the universe?** - Democritus - Xenophanes; - Empedocles; - Anaximander; - Socrates; **85. From which country did the word "philosophy" come?** - Ancient Greece - Egypt - Babylonia - Assyria - India **86. What does Philosophy mean?** - Love of wisdom - Lovers of thinking - Lovers of peace - Lovers of truth - Lovers of reason **87. Who called himself a "philosopher" firstly?** - Pythagoras - Democritus - Plato - Herodotus - Parmenid **88. Complete the sentence "Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems and philosophy is..."** - the practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them in thinking and writing. - only religious and logics - crisis, values - mind, relationship - language, existence **89. Which of them are sub-fields of philosophy?** Epistemology, ethics Climatology, logic Pragmatics, syntax Semantics, aesthetics Metaphysics, syntax **90. Complete the sentence " Philo means...., sophy means...."** - Love, wisdom - Wisdom, love - Scientist, Knowledge - Belief, truth - Fair, science **91. Who is the student of Plato?** - Aristotle - Ibn Sina - Ibn Teymiyye - Abunasir Farabi - Al-Kindi **92. Who was the first famous philosopher of Greek philosophy?** - Socrates - Aristotle - Mycenaean - Plato - Al-Biruni **93. Where did the famous philosophers live most of the time?** - Athens - Thebes - Crete - United States - India **94. Who were the three famous Greek philosophers that representatives of anthropological and systematical philosophy?** - Socrates, Plato, Aristotle - Plato and his two brothers - Trojans, Minoans, Mycenaean - Al-Biruni, Tusi, Bahmanyar - All of them **95. In whose works is the "Knight of Faith" mentioned?** - Kierkegaard - Heidegger - Plato - Aristotle - Bentham **96. Choose the best answer. Philosophy is...** - The study of general and fundamental problems concerning such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language\" - The study of human societies and human behavior - The study of past in according to written records of human beings over time - The study of God and religious matters - The study of human cultures **97. What is Social Philosophy**? - The study of questions about social behavior - The study of questions about the city, government - The art and science of reasoning - The branch which seeks to address questions about morality - Investigating the principles of reality **98. What is Political Philosophy?** - The study of questions about the city, government, politics - Investigating the principles of reality - The branch which seeks to address questions about morality - The art and science of reasoning - The study of questions about social behavior **99. What problem is ethics concerned with?** - Feelings, thoughts and behaviors that can be evaluated morally - Investigating the principles of reality - The study of questions about the city, government - The art and science of reasoning - The study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes judgements of sentiment and taste **100. What is logic?** - The art and science of reasoning - The study of questions about the city, government - Investigating the principles of reality - The branch which seeks to questions about morality - The study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes judgements of sentiment and taste **101. Choose the last period of philosophy** - Contemporary - Modern - Ancient - Medieval - Early Modern **102. How many periods does Ancient Philosophy consist of?** - 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 **103. Anthropological Period is a period of...** - Ancient Philosophy - Philosophy of Asia - Modern philosophy - Continental philosophy - Contemporary philosophy **104. Sophists were representative of**... - Anthropological Period in Philosophy - Contemporary philosophy - Philosophy of Asia - Continental philosophy - German philosophy **105. Pre-Socratic Period is a branch of....** - Ancient Philosophy - German philosophy - Continental philosophy - Philosophy of Asia - Contemporary philosophy **106. Choose the representative of Systematic Period in Ancient Philosophy of Greece.** - Plato and Aristotle - Immanuel Kant and Plato - Sokrates and Plato - Aristotle and Ibn Sina - Ibn Sina and Bahmanyar **107. According to the Sophists...** - true is not one and it is plenty depends on number of philosophers. - teacher does not have to teach for money. - dialogue is a method of philosophical discussion. - there is connection between true knowledge and virtue. So value is a true knowledge. - air, water, fire and earth are first elements of the natural universe. **108. Socrates is...** - a representative of Anthropological Period in philosophy. - a representative of Systematic Period of philosophy. - a representative of German philosophy. - a representative of Continental Philosophy. - a representative of England philosophy. **109. Protagoras thought that...** - "Human is a measure of all thing". - teacher does not have to teach for money. - there is connection between true knowledge and virtue. So value is a true knowledge. - Nous is an eternal and endless. - Nous caused cosmos. **110. Anaxagoras is....** - a Greek Philosopher. - a representative of Italian philosophy. - a representative of Contemporary Philosophy - an England philosopher. - a German philosopher. **[111. According to Anaxagoras Nous is... ]** - Eternal and endless - not Eternal and endless - Eternal but not endless - not eternal - not endless **112. Plato said that knowledge does not consist of individual perception. Why?** - Because perception is changeable according to everyone. So there [is not] objective knowledge that begins [at the end of the perception]. - Because perception is changeable according to everyone. So there is objective knowledge that begins at the end of the perception. - Because perception is not changeable according to everyone. So there is not objective knowledge that begin at the end of the perception. - Because perception is not changeable according to everyone. So there is objective knowledge that begin at the end of the perception. - Because perception is unchangeable according to everyone. So there is not objective knowledge that begin at the end of the perception. **113. What kind of question is a main question in Plato\`s philosophy?** - What is true? - Who is human being? - What is ethics? - Why philosophy? - Why is human being mortal? **114. Aristotle is....** - Is a Greek philosopher. - is a German philsopher. - is a Italian philosopher. - is a modern philosopher. - is an Egyptian philosopher. **115. Abu Ishac al-Kindi is**.... - is an Islamic philsopher. - is a Jewish philosopher. - is a Turkish philosopher. - is a Russian philosopher. - is a representative of Contemporary philosophy. **116. The true knowledge is knowledge of the concepts or knowledge of the ideas**. - According to Plato - According to Anaxagoras. - According to Kindi. - According to Farabi. - According to Kant **117. Soul lived in the world of ideas before without being connected to the body and saw the ideas there. This conception belongs to....** Plato Aristotle Farabi Socrates Kant **118. Farabi is....** - an Islamic philosopher. - an Arabian philosopher. - a representative of Greek philosophy. - a representative of Contemporary philosophy in the world. - a representative of Systematic Period in Ancient philosophy. **119. Ibn Sina is not...** - a representative of Contemporary philosophy in the world. - one of the Islamic philosophers. - a peripatetic philosopher. - main representative of Islamic philosophy. - Muslim philosopher. **120. What is Demiurg in Plato\`s philosophy?** - It is a potency that shapes the world in accordance with the ideas. - It lives without being connected to the body, it will live after the death of body. - It is a human being - It is a very important philosopher in Greek thought. - It is a teacher of all philosophers. **121. According to Plato how many powers has human being\`s soul?** - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 1 **122. How did Plato explain the definition of state?** - State is an organism like human being. - State is an organism like animals. - State is not an organism like human being. - State is particular part of society. - State is an institute that we never need it. **123. According to Plato human soul has three powers. These powers are...** - Mind, Wrath and Wish - Mind, wrath and intellect. - Mind, intellect and wish. - Wish mind and intellect - Mind, senses and imagination. **124. He was a Greek philosopher and scientist and born in Stagirus, northern Greece, in 384 BCE and he was a student of Plato.** - Aristotle - Platinius - Anaximander - Socrates - Anaxagoras **125. Which one belongs to Plato\`s philosophy?** - The origin of the soul is God. So soul exited from the divine source. That\`s why soul always want to return to the divine source. Because it is under pressure of body during life in the world of the shadows. - Daimonion is the sound of God or divinity sound. - Daimonion warns us to realize good behavior and shows us true way. - Human is a measure of all thing. - atom is a particular piece of the existing. **126. Heraclitus was...** - a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher - a pupil of Aristotle. - a pupil of Kant. - one of the philosophers that lived in the Systematic period of Ancient philosophy in Greece. - a representative of Ancient Islamic philosophy. **127. "You cannot wash twice in the same river". This thought belongs to...** - Heralitus - Socrates - Parmanides - Empedocles - Thales **128. According to Heraclitus there is a divine reason in the universe. The name of the divine reason is...** - Logos - Legend - Nous - Nirvana - Tao **129. Which philosopher thought that all thing and presence consists of numbers?** - Pythagoras - Plato; - Aristotle; - Parmanides; - Anaxagoras; **130. He was Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematicians, mystic, scientist and founder of the religious movement Pythagoreanism. Furthermore, he took an active role in the politics of Croton and was an author of Pythagorean theorem. Choose the correct answer.** - Pythagoras - Parmanides - Anaxagoras - Empedocles - Democritus **131. According to him matter is alive. Choose the correct answer.** - Thales - Parmanides - Plato - Anaxagoras - Anaximander **132. What kind of question drove Thales think that matter is alive?** - What kind of power giving some things (like magnit and amber) animation or power to act? - How does human being can think? - What is the first principle of all presence? - Is human being immortal? - What kind of thing makes human happy? **133. He was a Greek philosopher and belongs to aristocratic family of Athena and was a student of Socrates.** - Plato - Aristotle - Socrates - Anaximander - Platinius **134. His philosophy consists of the conception of ideas and immortality of soul and the conception of state. Choose the correct answer.** - Plato - Anaxagoras - Aristotle - Kindi - Parmanides **135. Who was founder of Academy in Athena?** - Plato - Aristotle - Pythagoras - Thales - Socrates **136. Who was the founder of the idealism?** - Plato - Anaxagoras - Empedocles - Aristotle - Ibn Rushd **137. Ibn Rushd is...** - a representative of Islamic Philosophy - a German philosopher - a representative of Greek Philosophy - a representative of philosophy of Europe. - one of the Azerbaijanian philosophers. **138. ''What is good?'' This question is...** - an Ethical question - an Aesthetical question - a Psychological question - an Ontological question - an Epistemological question **139. What makes actions good? This question is....** - an Ethical question - an Aesthetical question - an Ontological question - an Epistemological question - a Psychological question **140. Thales is the first philosopher in Greek thought.** - Because he explained natural phenomena via a rational approach. - Because he divided all subject into two groups. - Because he did not reference natural processes themselves and explained natural phenomena via a mythological explanations. - Because he never rejected mythological explanations. - Because he predicted solar eclipse. **141. Which one of them is arche or a single material substance according to Thales?** - Water - Fire - Air - Earth - All of them **142. According to him air is first element or the origin of the nature and it is endless and eternal. Question: Who accepts these thoughts?** Anaximenes Parmenides Anaximander Thales Zeno **143. According to Anaximander "Boundless" is....** - not created and it is eternal and includes all element of the universe. - a number and all thing consists of numbers, so the correct description of reality must be expressed in terms of mathematical formulas. - a God\`s soul or reason of world. - not enough to give variety things to exist. - created and it is not eternal and includes some elements of the universe. **144. "You cannot wash twice in the same river", or...** - there is nothing in the universe that never chaned. - you will be able to wash twice in the river if you really want. - all thing is not on the process of changing. - You have to change river if you want to wash twice in it. - you do not have to wash twice in the same river. **145. According to Heraclitus\` philosophy the name of the divine reason is...** - Logos - Chaos - Boundless; - Nous - Logic; **146. He was an Ancient Greek philosopher and formulated an atomic theory. Question: Who was that philosopher?** - Democritus - Empedocles - Heraclitus - Xenophanes - Zeno **147. There is not universal true. Every people has his/her opinion related to true. True is changeable according to people. It means that....** - "Human is a measure of all thing" - there is universal true. True is not changeable according to people. - Human is excellent entity in the universe. - Human can manage all thing. - Human can be aware of reality of the things. **148. He belongs to aristocratic family of Athena and was a student of Socrates, dialogue is a method of his philosophy. Furthermore he lived in Athena on the period of war and political problems there.** - Plato - Empedocles - Xenophanes - Aristotle - Socrates **149. Zeno is...** - a philosopher of southern Italy - a philosopher of Islamic philosophy - a philosopher of Spain. - a philosopher of Azerbaijan. - not a member of Eleatic School. **150. ''Is morality objective or subjective?'' This question belongs to....** - an Moral phiolosophy - a Psychological question - an Ontological question - an Epistemological question - an Aesthetical question **151. Which ones are related to metaphysics?** - What is truth? Is there a God? - How many people have social problem in their life? - What kind of methods help us to investigate human\`s psychological problems? - What is state? What is a reality of state? - Why is existence of animals important in our universe? **152. Choose the false thoughts**. - According to Democritus all things are full of gods. - Arche is the first principle of all process in the universe. - archetype is an image that all humans use to represent the essential qualities of some "type," the epitome of some kind. - Anaximander was the student of Thales - Anaximander was the first philosopher that used the term of \`\`Apeiron\`\` in the field of philosophy. **153. \"The second philosopher of Miletus School. student of Thales and invented \`\`sundial (sun o\`clock)\`\` at first time. The first philosopher that used the term of \`\`Apeiron\`\` in the field of philosophy. Who was that philosopher?\"** - Anaximander - Anaxagoras; - Anaximenes; - Empedocles; - Thales; **154. Which ones are related to metaphysics**? - Do people have free wills? - Did philosophy originate in Africa, China, or Greece? - Can there be a unity behind the apparent plurality of things? - What is meaning or importance of plants in human being\`s life? - Why we need parents? **155. We sometimes, perhaps, use wrongly the term "philosophy''. For example:** - Ruslan\`s philosophy of cooking - Socratic views - Aristotle's philosophy - Plato\`s philosophy of ideas - Ibn Sina\`s philosophy of human being **156. One of them is the essential question of epistemology.** - What do we need in order to have knowledge and how can we know? - What do we need in order to have values? - What do we need in order to have things and to order them? - What do we need in order to have specific metaphysical knowledge? - What do we need in order to have humanistic characters? **157. \"\`\`Philosophical study of knowledge\`\`. This definition is related to...** - Epistemology - axiology - \"philosophy\" - the psychological study of knowledge - axiological study of wisdom. **158. In Plato\`s work like\`\`Theaetetus\`\`, knowledge is...** - justified true belief. - justified real belief. - justified truth. - true belief. - justified true religious belief. **159. Which one is not related to metaphysics?** - How many people have social problem in their life? - What is truth? - \"Is there a God? - \"Is the world strictly composed of matter? - \"Do people have free wills? **160. Which ones are not related to the true nature of philosophy?** **1)an academic discipline.** 2**) A methodology which lies at the root of all subject**. 3\) Love of life. **4) Knowledge of wisdom.** 5\) Academic career. **6) The practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them via thinking and writing.** 7\) Experimental endeavour. 8\) Scientific experience. **9) The attempt to think rationally and critically about most important questions of life in order to obtain knowledge and wisdom about them**. 10\) Solving of scientific problem. - 1,2,4,6,9; - 2,3,8;9,10; - 1,2,3,6;7; - 3,5,7,8,10; - 2,4,6,7,8,9 **161. He attempted to explain natural evident and phenomena without reference to mythology and his approach to the natural phenomena was influential on the other philosophers\` philosophy of nature. His rejection of mythological explanations became an essential idea for the scientific revolution. Who is this text about?** - Thales - Theaetetus - Plato - Anaximander - Empedocles **162. \"What kind of question is related to social and political philosophy?** **1. What is the origin of state?** 2\. Is it possible that human know everything? **3. What is the true nature of state?** 4\. What is the true nature of truth? **5. Why we need state?** **6. What model of state can be good for society?** 7\. What kind of relationship is there between mind and body? **8.What kind of values should politicians have?** **9.What kinds of ethical and political values make the people of state happy**? **10.What kind of relationship is there between society and state**?\" - 1,3,5,6,8,9,10 - 1,4,5,7,8,9,10; - 1,5,6,7,8,9,10; - 3,4,5,6,8,9,10; - 1,4,6,7,8,9,10; **163. Sophists claim that...** - true is not one and it is plenty depends on number of philosophers. - everything is the result of natural laws - \`\`Existin ' ' has not occurred and will never disappear. And Existing is eternal and endless. - atom is a particular piece of the existing. - Nous caused cosmos. **164. As you know, we can define it as a practical activity of raising fundamental questions and attempting to answer them via thinking and writing.** - It is talked about the true nature of philosophy. - It is talked about the true nature of mathematics. - It is talked about the true nature of psychology. - It is talked about the true nature of axiology. - It is talked about the true nature of ethics. **165. What is Reincarnation?** - it is transmigration of the soul again and again into the bodies of humans, animals, or vegetables until it became immortal. - transmigration of soul into the earth. - understanding of relationship that is between soul and body. - it is not transmigration of the soul again and again into the bodies of humans, animals, or vegetables until it became immortal. - it is appearance of human body as an animal. **166. Our behaviors are important and depend on our beliefs. As a result...** - belief takes an important role in our life. - transmigration of soul is not true from this aspect. - belief does not take an important role in human life - behaviors depend on our powers of soul. - behaviors do not depend on our beliefs. **167. Who is a \`\`second teacher\`\` in the history of philosophy ?** - Farabi - Ibn Rushd - Bahmanyar - Kant - Ibn Sina **168. Choose the representative of the peripatetic school in Islamic thought**. - Ibn Sina - Socrat - Kant - Mirza Fatali Ahundov - Bakikhanov **169. One of them is a philosophical question.** - What is a reality of person? - Why did not Ibn Sina think his future - Why are you here? - What makes me unhappy? - Can student be a teacher one day? **170. Which one of them is interested in human being\`s behavior?** - Psychology - Physics - Anatomy - Metaphysics - Aesthetics **171. The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and \_\_\_\_\_.** - Logic - Bioethics - \"aesthetics\" - ategorical logic - All of them **172. For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to \_\_\_\_\_.** - the soul - the body - the justice system - the state - none of them **173. For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of \_\_\_\_\_.** - knowledge - wealth - community - courage - none of them **174. A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as \_\_\_\_\_.** - the Socratic method - an argument - the Socratic jest - a debate - All of them **175. If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as \_\_\_\_\_.** - reductio ad absurdum - hypothetical syllogism - modus ponens - modus tollens - All of them **176. The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called \_\_\_\_\_.** - the philosophical method - the argumentative method - propositional logic - syllogistic reasoning - none of them **177. The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to \_\_\_\_\_.** - Socrates - Plato - John Locke - Aristotle - none of them **178. The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as \_\_\_\_\_.** - metaphysics - epistemology - quantum physics - axiology - All of them **179. Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as \_\_\_\_\_.** - Epistemology - aesthetics - metaphysics - logic - none of them **180. According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has \_\_\_\_\_ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.** - an unhealthy soul - exceptional desires - worldly wisdom - philosophical ambition - none of them **181. Which civilization mainly believes in reincarnation?** - East - West - Both of East and West - None of them - Both of them **182. Which religion denies the existence of reincarnation?** - Islam - Buddhism - Sikhism - Jainism - Hinduism **183. What is the meaning of "reincarnation"?** - to take on the body again - to find pleasure in - eternal, everlasting - to know again - to come back again **184. Which term is not associated with reincarnation?** - comprovincialis - metempsychosis - transmigration - disambiguation - palingenesis **185. Which religion denies existence of soul?** - Buddhism - Islam - Hinduism - Christianity - Iudaism **186.... says that the life is born when the existence looks upon itself.** - Osho - Anthony of Padua - Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili - Budda - Jesus **187. Which is not a sign of reincarnation?** - Forgetfulness - Birthmarks consistent with injuries/piercings/other physical markers in a past life - Child prodigies - Dreams - Déjà vu **188. Who is the father of reincarnation research?** - Ian Stevenson - Jim B. Trucker - Brian Weiss - Raymond Moody - Whatley Carington **189. Past-life memories can be more likely to occur when there's unfinished business, such as:** - Leaving children behind - happy life - happy family - Successful business - none of them **190. Which statement false about the consept of rebirth and reincarnation?** - They are same things. - In rebirth a person can be born into any life form, not just human. - while in reincarnation, the soul carries the memories of its past lives, in rebirth, those memories are not carried over into the new life. - In rebirth, it is not the soul that is reborn into a new body but rather the consciousness. - Reincarnation is the belief that after we die, our souls are reborn into other bodies. **191. "In.... teachings, rebirth occurs endlessly as part of a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth."** - Buddhist - Islam - Christianity - Hinduism - Induism **192. Choose the correct metaphysical definition of love.** - the psychological force producing a desire to enter into and maintain profound, intimate interpersonal relationship with another person [unmitigated] by concern for the duration of that relationship. - the psychological force producing a desire to enter into and maintain profound, intimate personal relationship with another person mitigated by concern for the duration of that relationship - the desire to set a relationship with someone for a defined period of time - the desire to set a relationship with someone for an undefined period of time - The combination of emotions and feelings related with any person or group of people. **193. Choose 3 types of love according to Robert Sternberg.** **1. Passionate** 2\. Gradual 3\. Persistent **4. Romantic** **5. Compassionate\"** - 1,4,5. - 1,2,3 - 2,3,4 - 1,3,4 - none of them **194. What is the psychological definition of love?** - Release of certain chemicals in the brain that make us feel good. - Release of happiness hormone in the brain that make us feel good. - Release of acids in the brain that make us feel good. - The psychology does not define the term Love - Release of hormones and increased level of insulin **195. \"Which 3 chemicals play the essential role in appearing of love?** 1\. somatropin **2. oxytocin** **3. dopamine** 4\. insulin **5. serotonin** - 2,3,5 - 2,4,5 - 1,2,3 - 1,3,4 - 1,3,5 - **196. With which aspect of love is epistemology concerned?** - rationality - accuracy - convenience - reciprocity - mutuality **197. The idea about reincarnation in "The Demon-Haunted World":** - Objection to claims of reincarnation include the facts that the vast majority of people do not remember previous lives and there is no mechanism known to modern science that would enable a personality to survive death and travel to another body. - This concept of rebirth necessarily implies the continuity of personality... (that) one is able, at least potentially, to remember that one has lived through previous existences, and that these existences were one\'s own..." - we leave one life and go into another; it is all for the sole purpose of soul development and spiritual growth. - the individual cells in our body have a limited life span - from days to weeks, and a few years. - The life as we know now, after death therefore moves on to another form of life based on the merits and demerits it accumulated in its current life. **198. The definition of love according to Helen Fischer:** - The Neural Mechanism for mate Selection. - Emotional and psychological reactions of body to another person - Mutual dependance of 2 persons - Metaphysical process with undefined reasons - Physical reactions for couple selection **199. What includes the philosophical treatment of Love?** - epistemology, metaphysics, religion, human nature, politics and ethics. - etiology, metaphysics, religion, human nature, politics and ethnics. - History, religion, psychology and human being - religion, theoretical knowledges and emotions - the meaning of love and its development steps **200. Who claimed that, the first condition for the highest love is that a man loves himself.** - Aristotle - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Socrates - Robert Sternberg - Plato