Midterm 2021 Comparative Sociology.pdf

## Sociology Quiz ### Page 1 - Something that makes qualitative research particularly valuable is that it is replicable. - False - If we emphasize agency over social structure, we are implying that societies have an overwhelming impact on human behavior. - The constraints of social structures...

## Sociology Quiz ### Page 1 - Something that makes qualitative research particularly valuable is that it is replicable. - False - If we emphasize agency over social structure, we are implying that societies have an overwhelming impact on human behavior. - The constraints of social structures on individual behavior have the same weight in all societies. - False ### Page 2 - According to conflict sociology, conflict and change are universal factors that explain the functioning of societies. - If we use symbolic interactionism to study societies, we focus on the main structural factors that explain the functioning of those societies. - False - Organic solidarity mostly refers to relatively advanced societies. - False ### Page 3 - According to the functionalist paradigm, societies are systems, made of different components, each of them carrying out its own function. - Auguste Comte thought that there was room for a new science, which he called "social physics," that should be built according to the scientific method. - A latent function refers to the consequence of a social action that is not intended or recognized by the people who participate in that action. - True ### Page 4 - A public good is a good whose production costs are independent of the number of people who might eventually benefit from it. - In a causal explanation, the dependent variable is what we are trying to explain. - A reliable measure is a measure that conveys what we are actually trying to measure. ### Page 5 - A correlation between two variables always indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between those two variables. - False - Among other things, replication of research previously done by other researchers might be useful for checking value biases. - True - It is always the case that qualitative data are better than quantitative data in sociological research. - False ### Page 6 - In an experiment, the control group is the group that does not receive the treatment. - Interviews might be both useful for having a grasp of the subject matter we plan to study, and for conducting a study itself. - True - In the participant observation methodology, the researcher participates in the social activities he is investigating. ### Page 7 - Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms. - In Merton's deviance typology, deviance occurs when people accept cultural goals and reject the institutionalized means to obtain them. - True - According to functionalist theory, deviance is good for society. - True ### Page 8 - Differential association theory of deviance argues that deviance is something we learn by interacting with people who are deviant. - True - Labeling theory is an approach to the study of deviance that suggests that people become "deviant" because other people or agencies label them as such. - The conflict approach to deviance emphasizes social inequality, since it is powerful people who have the instruments to categorize other people or behavior as deviant. ### Page 9 - Reintegrative shaming works by making people closely associated to the offender condemn the offender's behavior and, at the same time, take responsibility of the reintegration of the offender to the community. - According to the Gender Social Norms Index, Sweden fares better than Spain in gender biases. - Liberal feminism focuses on the unequal access to social resources, such as education, or employment, based on sex. ### Page 10 - Resistance to feminism is stronger among the less educated women. - True - According to the Gender Inequality Index, Spain fares better than Norway, Switzerland and Germany. - False - According to control theory, deviance and crime occur when the agencies that aim to control them are not working in an effective manner. - True ### Page 11 - In labeling theory, secondary deviation occurs when the individual labeled as deviant accepts that label and behaves accordingly. - A focus group is a group of people whose behavior is focused on something in particular, for example a group of friends who meet every weekend for political activism. - False - The logic of collective action refers to the problem of coordinating people to produce a public good. - True