QUIZ 1- soc.pdf

QUIZ 1 28 September 2024 15:28 o Terms The Emergence of Medical Sociology § Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, Morbidity, Co-morbidity, Cond...

QUIZ 1 28 September 2024 15:28 o Terms The Emergence of Medical Sociology § Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, Morbidity, Co-morbidity, Condition, o “Who Needs the Sociology of Health and Illness? Disease, Disorder, Syndrome § Describe the demographic trends and how it impacts the population pyramid § Examples of each - Dependency ratio: economically inactive : economically active - Incidence: probability of NEW medical condition happening in - Total dependency ratio: ratio of combined youth population (ages 0-14) and population !! elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). - Prevalence: total proportion of cases in population at any time !! - Youth dependency ratio: ratio of the youth population per 100 people of working - Mortality: death age - Morbidity: diseased state or poor health due to any cause - Elderly dependency ratio: ratio of the elderly population per 100 people of - Co-morbidity: having more than one condition at same time working age - Condition: broadly all diseases, disorders, etc. that req medical treatment - Disease: condition that impairs body's regular function - Population Pyramids are visualizations of age rations and sex ratios of the above - Disorder: functional abnormality (particularly mental function) categories. how many people there are in a population that can support the both the - Syndrome: signs that occur in tandem economy and those considered dependent. - High Youth Dependency Ratio (e.g., Nigeria): A broad base indicates a large o Pandemic, Endemic, Epidemic and examples youth population, implying future workforce growth, but currently a high economic - Pandemic: incidence of disease spreads among broad region, eg. COVID burden on working adults. - Endemic: disease spreads within a geological area, eg. Malaria (in tropical - High Elderly Dependency Ratio (e.g., Japan): A top-heavy pyramid reflects an areas) aging population, with fewer younger people to support the elderly, leading to - Epidemic: incidence of diseases spreads faster than what is expected within a economic strain. defined area, eg. Zika, Ebola - Balanced Dependency (e.g., U.S.): Immigration helps stabilize the working-age population, though aging remains a challenge. o Prevention § Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and examples § What can the sociological perspective provide to the above - Primary: aims to prevent disease before it occurs, eg. Exercise for diabetes - Secondary: aims to reduce impact of a disease or injury that has already - Sociological perspective: how social environment shapes behavior, attitudes, life occurred, eg. Screening/ insulin for diabetes outcomes - Tertiary: aims to reduce symptoms and impact of ongoing illness that has - The sociological perspective provides insights into how demographic changes, like lasting effects, eg. Insulin for diabetes shifts in the youth and elderly dependency ratios, affect social structures. o Interpreting Relative Risk § What are sociologists concerned with research: Inequalities, healthy lifestyles, - Cause-specific rate = (No. of deaths due to a specific cause ÷ total health technologies population) × 100,000 - Risk Factor: Variable associated w increased risk of disease or infection, o Major themes measures considered predictors of disease - Relative risk: magnitude of association b/w exposed and non-exposed group - Sociological perspective - Social inequality: unequal dist of wealth and resources - Social institutions: social institutions (eg. Education) to help w basic needs - o Theorists: Difference between Marx & Weber; Durkeim; Mills; Mead; Functionalism; Conflict Theory; Symbolic Interaction; Bureaucratic; Sociological Imagination o Be able to identify Functionalism, Conflict Theory, Symbolic Interactionism o Leading Causes of Death in U.S. overall and men vs. women - Mills: Sociological Imagination- personal troubles are an individual's fault but - Heart disease, cancer, COVID 19, accidents, strokes/ cerebrovascular public issues underlie personal troubles. disease - Theories - Men: heart disease, cancer, accidents, and chronic liver disease. - Functionalism (macro): Durkheim- social institutions help society, each institution - Women: heart disease and cancer, but they are more affected by Alzheimer’s serves many functions. Equilibrium by socialization. Norms are internalized by disease and stroke society members. CON- not open to social change. - eg. Each organ works to keep body healthy o Holy Trinity of Social Epidemiology - Conflict theory (macro): Marx- individuals w wealth and power dominate society. - Demographic variables to stratify health risks: b/w races, b/w sex Ppl at diff levels have diff interests and most fall to bottom of hierarchy. CON- groupings, b/w social classes overlooks stability/ too negative. - PROS: help allocate funding to those most in need - eg. Pharma industry only used political clout for drug approvals - CONS: may influence physicians to think certain diseases cannot - Symbolic interaction (micro): Mead & Cooney: how individuals act w each other apply to all people generally and how they interpret socialization (meanings & symbols). CON- symbols may not be interpreted appropriately (wheelchairs). o First four leading causes of death in children, teens & young adults - eg. What does it mean to be disabled? (from Table) - Bureaucratic theory (macro): Weber- socioeconomic status, rationality and - Children (