Mid-Sem Practice Test Developmental Psychology PDF

lOMoARcPSD|45389897 Mid-Sem Practice Test Developmental Psychology (University of Canterbury) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Do...

lOMoARcPSD|45389897 Mid-Sem Practice Test Developmental Psychology (University of Canterbury) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 1. The use of infant directed speech best aligns with which of the following theories/theorists? a. Vygotsky b. Dynamic Systems Theory c. None of the above d. Piaget 2. Providing hints, offering a range of answers, or encouraging a child to use additional resources is an example of: a) Accommodation b) The zone of proximal development c) Scaffolding d) Poor pedagogical practice 3. “The smallest units of language that convey meaning” is the definition of: a. Phonemes b. Morphemes c. Syntax d. Pragmatics 4. The embryonic period takes place during which weeks after conception? a. 0 to 2 weeks b. 3 to 8 weeks c. 9 week to birth 5. Theory of Mind (ToM) is: a. An understanding of how mental processes impact behaviour. b. A working understanding of ourselves and other people. c. Information processing abilities d. An understanding of how the mind understands itself. 6. A connection between understanding others' desires and actions is well established by 2 years of age. a. True b. False 7. Vygotsky concentrated on the child’s interactions with peers and adults. He believed that the child was an apprentice, learning through sensitive social interactions with more skilled peers and adults. a. True b. False 8. Bilingual children tend to have a _____ vocabulary in each language than monolingual children in their language. a. Larger b. Smaller c. Similar 9. Counter-factual reasoning is a term we haven't explicitly talked about yet, but refers to the ability to imagine things differently than how they are. At which stage did Piaget believe children could first accomplish this? a. Concrete Operational b. Sensorimotor c. Formal Operations d. Preoperational Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 10. Studies have shown that a fetus can learn through sound but not taste during pregnancy. a. True b. False 11. The brain prunes unused or underused synapses in infancy as well as adolescence. a) True b) False 12. During postnatal development the term “Early childhood” best describes which years of a person's life: a. 1 – 4 years b. 2 – 3 years c. 3 – 5 years d. 3 – 7 years 13. At what stage to childre begin to reason logical about the world? a. Concrete Operational b. Sensorimotor c. Formal Operations d. Preoperational 14. “Learning done with assistance from someone which could not have been done alone” is the definition of: a. Scaffolding b. Continuity c. Zone of proximal development d. Guided participation 15. Adapting existing concepts (or schemas) to fit with new information is known as: a) Equilibration b) Assimilation c) Accommodation d) None of the above 16. The case study of Genie (the feral child) provides definitive evidence of a critical period in language development a) True b) False 17. Childhood bilingualism is a significant experience that has the power to influence the course and efficiency of children’s development. a. True b. False 18. From the ninth week until birth (which is forty weeks for a full-term pregnancy), the organism is referred to as a ___(fetus)___. 19. The Formal Operational stage is the ages: a. Birth – 2 years b. 2 – 7 years c. 7 – 12 years d. 12+ years Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 20. Who would not be apart of a childs microsystem? a. Parents b. Peers c. School teacher d. Old ballet teacher 21. Which part of your brain is closest to the front of the skull? a. Parietal lobe b. Cerebellum c. Frontal lobe d. Temporal lobe 22. A child learns that a decorative object is an “ornament” when it observes an adult pointing to it. This is an example of... a) Fast mapping b) Pragmatic cues c) Syntactic bootstrapping d) None of the above 23. Speaking to children in a “baby voice” is good for their development a. True b. False 24. In what week of pregnancy is a fetus’ bones fully developed? a. 30 weeks b. 32 weeks c. 34 weeks d. 36 weeks 25. Naïve psychology: a working understanding of ourselves and other people a. True b. False 26. If we receive a different version of the gene from each parent, that is referred to as ___(heterozygous)___. 27. Most children report having an imaginary friend or playmate. a. True b. False 28. “Communication requires multiple aspects” is a definition of: a. Intersubjectivity b. Guided participation c. Scaffolding d. Communication cognition 29. By which stage did Piaget believe that children overcame egocentrism? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational c. Concrete Operational d. Formal Operational Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 30. The ___(placenta)___ is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord. 31. Which of these is not a teratogen? a. Cocaine b. Caffeine c. Tabacco d. Sugar 32. A fetus usually recognises its mother’s voice by 38 weeks. a. True b. False 33. During postnatal development the term “Late childhood” best describes which years of a person's life: a. 9 – 11 years b. 12 – 14 years c. 8 – 10 years d. 8 – 12 years 34. Correlation does not infer causation. a. True b. False 35. ___(Ectopic)___ Pregnancy occurs when the zygote becomes attached to the fallopian tube before reaching the uterus. 36. Which of the following maternal factors impact prenatal development? a. age b. nutrition c. emotional state d. all the above 37. The evidence is unclear that early childhood experiences can greatly influence people’s lives, and model preschool programs can evoke such early childhood experiences. a. True b. False 38. Which of the following can best address the “direction of cause” problem? a. Experimental studies b. Longitudinal studies c. Naturalistic observational measures d. Questionnaires 39. The ____(flynn)____ effect refers to the observed increase in IQ over time. 40. A 10-year-old with a mental age of 11 has an IQ score of... a. 110 b. 100 c. 91 41. Babbling is defined as: a. Producing syllables with a consonant and a vowel. Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 b. Cooing. c. Putting two vowel sounds together to form half of a word. d. Combining three or more sounds (not language specific) together. 42. “Rules governing how words can be combined” is the definition of: a. Phonemes b. Morphemes c. Syntax d. Pragmatics 43. The Smarties Task tests which of the following? a. dietary preferences b. false-belief c. connection between desires and actions 44. A neuron is a ‘basic cellular unit of the brain and nervous system’. a. True b. False 45. According to ToM the connection between desries and actions, a. Emerges around 2 years of age and is well established by 4 years of age b. Emerges around 1 year of age and is well established by 4 years of age c. Emerges around 2 years of age and is well established by 3 years of age d. Emerges around 1 year of age and is well established by 2 years of age 46. What food did Mennella et al. (2001) pair with water in the experiment about food preferences and prenatal learning a. Apple b. Potato c. Banana d. Carrot 47. What age is the milestone for ‘walking alone’ typically achieved? a. 11 months b. 12 months c. 10 months d. 13 months 48. When looking at Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Model. We find cultural values and beliefs at the level of ___(macrosystems)___. 49. Language is species-specific to humans. a. True b. False 50. Which of the following are one of the three learning processes that work together from birth. a. Assimilation b. Accommodation c. Equilibration Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 d. Incorporation 51. Spontaneous abortion is experienced in an estimated ______ percent of undiagnosed pregnancies and in another 10 percent of diagnosed pregnancies. a. 20-40 b. 10-15 c. 10-20 d. 30-35 52. Research suggests that learning a second language after the onset of puberty is rarely possible. a. True b. False 53. Fast mapping is defined as: a. Learning the meaning of a word when it is contrasted with a word that is familiar to them. b. Paying attention to social context. c. Using a sentences grammatical structure to figure out the meaning of a word. 54. An infant’s color vision is similar to an adult’s color vision ______________. a. at birth. b. by 7 to 8 months of age. c. by 3 to 4 months of age 55. When the body is developing in the womb, what is the first part to have a critical period? a. Central nervous system (CNS) b. Ears c. Heart d. Skin 56. Which desrciption best defines what happens during the Fetal period: a. After implantation, major developments occur in various organs and bodily systems b. Increasing levels of behaviour, sensory experience, and learning c. Lasts until zygote implants in uterine wall d. Slowing of growth, continued development of physical structures 57. According to ToM, connection between intentions and actions, appears to emerge around: a. 7.5 years of age b. 8 years of age c. 8.5 years of age d. 9 years of age 58. “Environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period” is the definition of: a. Alcohol b. Teratogen c. Drugs 59. A study design that studies the same participants are studied twice or more over time, is best defined as a: a. Cross-section design b. Longitudinal design Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 c. Cross-sequential 60. The _____ assessment is conducted one minute and five minutes after birth and is a very quick way to assess the newborn's overall condition. a. Apgar b. Event c. Newborn 30sec d. Life 61. The sensorimotor stage is age: a. Birth – 2 years b. 2 – 7 years c. 7 – 12 years d. 12+ years 62. A newborn might also have a low birth weight if it is born at less than ______ weeks gestation, which qualifies it as a preterm baby. a. 35 b. 36 c. 37 d. 38 63. Which of these is not one of the four major regions of a neuron? a. Cell body b. Dendrite c. Axon d. Glial 64. Newborns’ sense of smell ______________. a. is so poor that they cannot use it to identify their mothers. b. differs from adults’ sense of small; newborns turn away from odors that adults find pleasant (e.g., honey or chocolate). c. is well-developed at birth. 65. On average, newborns spend about what percentage of their time sleeping? a. 33% b. 50% c. 67% d. 85% 66. This bidirectional interplay between nature and nurture is the ___(epigenetic framework)___, which suggests that the environment can affect the expression of genes just as genetic predispositions can impact a person’s potentials. 67. RTPJ stands for the Right Temporary Pariental Junction. a. True b. False Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 68. Sternburg’s Theory of Successful Intelligence says that success depends on three types of abilities. Which of the following is not one of these abilities: a. Analytic b. Practical c. Thoughtful d. Creative 69. When a fetus (unborn baby) dies while still inside the mother (after 20-24 weeks gestation) or dies during delivery (childbirth). It is said that the delivered baby is ___(stillborn)___. 70. Handedness is ______________. a. well established by 3 months of age b. influenced by environment but not heredity c. emerges by the first birthday and is well established by the time children enter kindergarten 71. Which of these is not an experience which promotes early vision development? a. Plenty of close-up face to face time b. Variety in visual stimuli c. Clear colour contrast toys d. Taking them outside 72. We have no ethical experimental approaches for studying the effect of alcohol consumption on fetal development. a. True b. False 73. ___(Genes)___ are recipes for making proteins, while proteins influence the structure and functions of cells. 74. In newborn infants, which is these is not one of the six states of arousal: a. Quiet sleep b. Active sleep c. Crying d. Deep sleep 75. Which of these is a weakness when using questionnaires? a. Could elicit socially desirable responses b. May lack external validity; reveals less about subjective experience c. Time consuming 76. A child observes their parent kicking a slipper in anger. The next day, the child mimics this behaviour while angry. This is an illustration of ___(deferred imitation )________, which Piaget believed was an early sign of children's abilities to form enduring mental representations. 77. The effect of genetics on intelligence appears to decrease with development. a. True b. False 78. Which of the following biological processes best reflects the idea of "use it or lose it"? a. Neurogenesis b. Synaptogenesis Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 c. Synaptic pruning 79. Validity is necessary to establish reliability. a) True b) False 80. Infants use many cues to object unity, including common motion, color, _____________, and aligned edges. a. texture b. linear perspective c. retinal disparity 81. Egocentric conversations are a hallmark of which Piagetian stage? a. Preoperational b. Formal Operational c. Concrete Operational d. Sensorimotor 82. IQ is a strong predictor of academic, economic, and occupational success a. True b. False 83. During prenatal development the term “Germinal” best describes which time frame: a. Conception – 2 weeks b. 3 – 8 weeks c. 9 – 12 weeks d. 13 weeks - birth 84. Sensitive periods often coincide with a time of rapid brain development a. True b. False 85. What is a synapses main job? a. Holds the different lobes of the brain together. b. Floating pieces of neurons. c. The nervous systems communication links. d. Projection fibers that connect the cortex and lower parts of the brain. 86. The amniotic sac is primarily fetal urine. a. True b. False 87. “Children are born with innate knowledge” best describes the belief of who: a. John Locke b. Aristotle c. Plato d. Sigmund Freud 88. A definition of reliability is the “degree to which a measure assesses what it intends to” a. true Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 b. false 89. Understanding and communicating meaning beyond words or structure is referred to as ___(pragmatics)___. 90. Newborns can’t maintain an upright posture because they ______________. a. are top-heavy b. are bottom-heavy c. have more developed limps than trunk 91. During postnatal development the term “Late adulthood” best describes which years of a persons life: a. 20+ years b. 40+ years c. 65+ years d. 80+ years 92. Spearmans ‘G’ is a measure of: a. School achievement b. Level of intelligence c. Speed of neural transmission d. Ability to recall information 93. What is the process by which connections between neurons are formed? a. Synaptogenesis b. Neuroformation c. Glial formasis d. Neuronal Migration 94. Once accounting for intelligence, education has virtually no impact on occupational success. a. True b. False 95. ___(Mitosis)___ is defined as the cell’s nucleus making an exact copy of all the chromosomes and splitting into two new cells. 96. Myelination is the wrapping of oligodendrocytes around axons a. True B. False 97. Which of these is not a factor of crystallised intelligence? a. Factual knowledge about the world b. Ability to draw inferences c. Increases with age 98. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale is used on children ____ years old and older. a. Five b. Six c. Seven d. Eight Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|45389897 99. Critical periods are a time in life when the brain is primed to develop critical abilities, such as language or visual perception, in response to environmental input. a. True b. False 100. The word ___(genotype)___ refers to the sum total of all the genes a person inherits. Downloaded by Dom ([email protected])