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Questions and Answers
What is the age range that best describes 'Late childhood' during postnatal development?
What is the age range that best describes 'Late childhood' during postnatal development?
- 8 - 10 years
- 12 - 14 years
- 9 - 11 years
- 8 - 12 years (correct)
What is the term for the observed increase in IQ over time?
What is the term for the observed increase in IQ over time?
- Flynn effect (correct)
- Erikson effect
- Vygotsky effect
- Piaget effect
What is the definition of 'babbling' in language acquisition?
What is the definition of 'babbling' in language acquisition?
- Producing syllables with a consonant and a vowel (correct)
- Putting two vowel sounds together to form half of a word
- Cooing
- Combining three or more sounds (not language specific) together
What is the term for 'rules governing how words can be combined'?
What is the term for 'rules governing how words can be combined'?
What is the purpose of the Smarties Task?
What is the purpose of the Smarties Task?
According to Theory of Mind (ToM), when does the connection between desires and actions emerge?
According to Theory of Mind (ToM), when does the connection between desires and actions emerge?
What is the definition of a neuron?
What is the definition of a neuron?
What is the IQ score of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 11?
What is the IQ score of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 11?
At what stage do children begin to reason logically about the world?
At what stage do children begin to reason logically about the world?
What is the term for 'learning done with assistance from someone which could not have been done alone'?
What is the term for 'learning done with assistance from someone which could not have been done alone'?
During which years is 'Early Childhood' best described?
During which years is 'Early Childhood' best described?
What term describes adapting existing concepts to fit new information?
What term describes adapting existing concepts to fit new information?
Which statement about prenatal learning is correct?
Which statement about prenatal learning is correct?
During which stage are children most likely to engage in symbolic play?
During which stage are children most likely to engage in symbolic play?
At what stage do children typically start to show signs of self-recognition?
At what stage do children typically start to show signs of self-recognition?
What evidence does Genie's case study provide regarding language development?
What evidence does Genie's case study provide regarding language development?
Which theory is best supported by the use of infant directed speech?
Which theory is best supported by the use of infant directed speech?
What is exemplified by providing hints and encouraging the use of additional resources?
What is exemplified by providing hints and encouraging the use of additional resources?
Which term defines the smallest units of language that convey meaning?
Which term defines the smallest units of language that convey meaning?
During which period does the embryonic stage occur after conception?
During which period does the embryonic stage occur after conception?
What does Theory of Mind (ToM) refer to?
What does Theory of Mind (ToM) refer to?
Is it true that a connection between understanding others' desires and actions is established by age 2?
Is it true that a connection between understanding others' desires and actions is established by age 2?
What did Vygotsky believe about children's learning through social interactions?
What did Vygotsky believe about children's learning through social interactions?
How does the vocabulary of bilingual children typically compare to that of monolingual children?
How does the vocabulary of bilingual children typically compare to that of monolingual children?
Study Notes
Piaget's Developmental Stages
- Children in the Concrete Operational stage begin to reason logically about the world.
- Formal Operational stage occurs from age 12 and up, characterized by abstract thinking.
- Children in the Preoperational stage, ages 2-7, begin to engage in symbolic play but struggle with logic.
Prenatal Learning
- Fetuses can learn through sound, but studies show they cannot learn through taste during pregnancy.
- From the ninth week of pregnancy until birth, the organism is referred to as a fetus.
Brain Development
- The brain prunes unused or underused synapses during both infancy and adolescence.
Early Childhood
- Early childhood spans from 1 to 4 years of age, crucial for development.
- Late childhood is defined as 8-12 years.
Vygotsky's Theories
- Vygotsky emphasized learning through social interactions; children are viewed as apprentices learning from skilled peers and adults.
- Scaffolding involves providing hints and guidance as children learn complex tasks.
Bilingualism
- Childhood bilingualism can significantly influence a child's developmental trajectory.
- Bilingual children often have a smaller vocabulary in each individual language compared to monolingual peers but may have a larger combined vocabulary.
Language Development
- Morphemes are the smallest language units that convey meaning, while syntax refers to the rules of word combination.
- Babbling involves producing syllables that combine consonants and vowels.
Theories of Mind
- Theory of Mind (ToM) relates to understanding how mental processes affect behavior and the actions of others.
- The ability to connect a desire and action is established by age 2.
Research Methods
- Experimental studies are best suited to address causal relationships in research.
- Longitudinal studies can provide insights into developmental changes over time.
Cognitive Measures
- The Flynn effect describes the observed increase in IQ scores over generations.
- An IQ of 110 is derived when a 10-year-old has a mental age of 11.
General Knowledge
- Counterfactual reasoning allows individuals to imagine scenarios that differ from actual events.
- Correlation does not imply causation, highlighting the complexity of assessing relationships in research.
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Description
Quiz questions about child development stages, learning, and brain development. Topics include Piaget's stages of development and fetal learning abilities.
