Child Development and Learning Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the age range that best describes 'Late childhood' during postnatal development?

8 - 10 years

12 - 14 years

9 - 11 years

8 - 12 years (correct)

What is the term for the observed increase in IQ over time?

Flynn effect (correct)

Erikson effect

Vygotsky effect

Piaget effect

What is the definition of 'babbling' in language acquisition?

Producing syllables with a consonant and a vowel (correct)

Putting two vowel sounds together to form half of a word

Cooing

Combining three or more sounds (not language specific) together

What is the term for 'rules governing how words can be combined'?

Syntax Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Smarties Task?

To test false-belief understanding Signup and view all the answers

According to Theory of Mind (ToM), when does the connection between desires and actions emerge?

Around 2 years of age and is well established by 4 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a neuron?

The basic cellular unit of the brain and nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the IQ score of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 11?

110 Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do children begin to reason logically about the world?

Concrete Operational Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for 'learning done with assistance from someone which could not have been done alone'?

Zone of Proximal Development Signup and view all the answers

During which years is 'Early Childhood' best described?

3 – 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What term describes adapting existing concepts to fit new information?

Accommodation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about prenatal learning is correct?

A fetus can learn through sound but not through taste during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

During which stage are children most likely to engage in symbolic play?

Preoperational Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do children typically start to show signs of self-recognition?

Preoperational Signup and view all the answers

What evidence does Genie's case study provide regarding language development?

It provides evidence of a critical period for language acquisition. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is best supported by the use of infant directed speech?

Vygotsky Signup and view all the answers

What is exemplified by providing hints and encouraging the use of additional resources?

Scaffolding Signup and view all the answers

Which term defines the smallest units of language that convey meaning?

Morphemes Signup and view all the answers

During which period does the embryonic stage occur after conception?

3 to 8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What does Theory of Mind (ToM) refer to?

Understanding mental processes impact behavior Signup and view all the answers

Is it true that a connection between understanding others' desires and actions is established by age 2?

True Signup and view all the answers

What did Vygotsky believe about children's learning through social interactions?

Children are apprentices in the learning process Signup and view all the answers

How does the vocabulary of bilingual children typically compare to that of monolingual children?

They have a smaller vocabulary in each language Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Piaget's Developmental Stages

Children in the Concrete Operational stage begin to reason logically about the world.
Formal Operational stage occurs from age 12 and up, characterized by abstract thinking.
Children in the Preoperational stage, ages 2-7, begin to engage in symbolic play but struggle with logic.

Prenatal Learning

Fetuses can learn through sound, but studies show they cannot learn through taste during pregnancy.
From the ninth week of pregnancy until birth, the organism is referred to as a fetus.

Brain Development

The brain prunes unused or underused synapses during both infancy and adolescence.

Early Childhood

Early childhood spans from 1 to 4 years of age, crucial for development.
Late childhood is defined as 8-12 years.

Vygotsky's Theories

Vygotsky emphasized learning through social interactions; children are viewed as apprentices learning from skilled peers and adults.
Scaffolding involves providing hints and guidance as children learn complex tasks.

Bilingualism

Childhood bilingualism can significantly influence a child's developmental trajectory.
Bilingual children often have a smaller vocabulary in each individual language compared to monolingual peers but may have a larger combined vocabulary.

Language Development

Morphemes are the smallest language units that convey meaning, while syntax refers to the rules of word combination.
Babbling involves producing syllables that combine consonants and vowels.

Theories of Mind

Theory of Mind (ToM) relates to understanding how mental processes affect behavior and the actions of others.
The ability to connect a desire and action is established by age 2.

Research Methods

Experimental studies are best suited to address causal relationships in research.
Longitudinal studies can provide insights into developmental changes over time.

Cognitive Measures

The Flynn effect describes the observed increase in IQ scores over generations.
An IQ of 110 is derived when a 10-year-old has a mental age of 11.

General Knowledge

Counterfactual reasoning allows individuals to imagine scenarios that differ from actual events.
Correlation does not imply causation, highlighting the complexity of assessing relationships in research.

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Description

Quiz questions about child development stages, learning, and brain development. Topics include Piaget's stages of development and fetal learning abilities.