Mid exam24 bio.pdf

Mid-Year Exam For the academic year 2023-2024 ‫جمهورية العراق‬ College of Dentistry / First year ‫الع...

Mid-Year Exam For the academic year 2023-2024 ‫جمهورية العراق‬ College of Dentistry / First year ‫العلم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫العال والبحث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وزارة التعليم‬ ‫جامعة المعقل‬ Subject: M. biology Exam date: 25/3/2024 Day: Monday Duration: Two hours Total Marks:60 Marks Answer all the following Questions [I] Choose the most appropriate answer for each of the following statements: [40 Marks, One mark for each] No Question Cell theory includes all the following Except… A) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 1 B) The cell is the most primitive form of life C) The cell is the structural unit of life D) Cells arise by division of preexisting cells Which of the following is not steps for cellular respiration 2 A) Glycolysis C) Citric acid cycle B) Inhalation and exhalation D) Electron transport chain This structure gives a cell shape, allows it to move, and play a role in cell division 3 A) Cytoskeleton B) Cell membrane C) Cytoplasm D) Cytosol It’s the shortest stage of mitosis. The centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids of 4 each chromosome are pulled apart and move to the opposite ends of the cell A) Metaphase B) Anaphase C) Prophase D) Telophase The random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of 5 lower concentration, until they are equally distributed. A) Osmosis B) Bulk transport C) Diffusion D) Hypotonic Cellular respiration is a complicated three-stage metabolic process in which glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide, and some ATP. 6 A) C6H12O6+6O 2 3H2O+3CO2+ATP B) C6H12O6+6O2 6H2O+6CO2+ATP C) C6H12O6+6O 6 H2O+CO2 D) C6H10O6+6O 2 6H2O+6CO2+ATP The final product of glycolysis is …….in aerobic settings and ……. in anaerobic conditions. 7 A) pyruvate, lactate C) Glucose -6- phosphate, glucose B) G3, DHAP D) Fructose -6-phosphate, fructose 1,6 bis phosphat The cholesterol form …. of the lipid membrane acts in keeping the flexibility and 8 stability of the plasma membrane. A)22% B)30% C)20% D)10%  Inter membranous space of ……. nm is found between the two membranes filled with the ………mitochondria matrix. 9 A) 3-5 , uniform C) 7-10, parallel B) 6-8, amorphous D) 2-3 , equivalent Which composition differentiates the plant cell from the animal cell 10 A) Ribosomes B) Mitochondria C) Chloroplast D) Endoplasmic reticulum Synapsis takes place between 11 A) Spindle fiber and centromere B) mRNA and ribosomes C) a female and a male gamete D) Two homologous chromosomes The………. proteins incorporate with the cytoskeletal filaments from its 12 cytoplasmic side to maintain the shape of the cell A) phospholipids B) peripheral C) integral D) Glycoproteins ….is where polypeptides are converted into functional proteins and where proteins are prepared for secretion. It is also the site of lipid and steroid synthesis. 13 A) The smooth ER C) The rough ER B) Golgi apparatus D) The Ribosom In this phase, most parts of the cell are divided into two daughter cells. After 14 this, the daughter two nuclei are formed A) Anaphase B) Prophase C) Metaphase D) Telophase Which type of RNA that makes up the ribosome, along with proteins 15 A) mRNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) tRNAs The term cell was given by 16 A) Robert hooke B) Schwann C) Tatum D) De Bary Cell 80% water 20% solute, a solution with 60% water and 40% solute. What 17 type of solution is this A) Equilibrium B) Hypotonic C) Hypertonic D) Isotonic The homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated 18 at…….. A) Metaphase B) Telophase1 C) Anaphase1 D) prophase Which of the following is not a main function of Golgi apparatus? A) Modifies proteins that it receives from the RER. 19 B) Metabolic function by breaking down of glycogen and releasing energy. C) Produce Lysosomes, and secrete various enzymes, hormones and cell wall material. D) Transport lipids to vital parts of the cell and creates lysosomes. Name the phase where never dividing cells of neurons and cardiac muscle present? 20 A) G2 B) G1 C) G0 D) S A thread-like structures made up of strands of DNA and the proteins? 21 A) Chromosomes B) tRNAs C) Nucleus D) Nucleolus 2  As electrons travel through the protein complexes in the chain, a gradient of hydrogen ions, or protons, forms across ………. 22 A) Cytoplasm C) matrix B) Mitochondrial membrane. D) Plasma membrane A Hypotonic solution has a …….. concentration of solute (dissolved stuff) than 23 inside the cell A) Higher B) Lower C) Equal D) Non of the them Cell walls is found in… 24 A) Plant cells B) Animal cells only C) Both (a) and (b) D) None of them The core of the microvilli contains microtubules and microfilaments in their cytoplasm to provide support and rigidity that maintain morphology and …….. 25 extension of the microvilli. A) Parallel B) Equilibrium C) uniform D) cohesive Which of the following is not a main function of nucleus? A) Plays a role in creating order within the cell with specific locations for different organelles 26 B) Controlling hereditary traits of the organism C) Control the synthesis of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism D) Protein synthesis, cell division, and differentiation Simple squamous epithelium is …….layer of flat cells with …….. 27 central nuclei. A) Multiple , spherical B) Single, disc C) Single, oval D)Multiple ,disc It is thick multiple layers of flat cells in the surface and columnar or cuboidal like in the basal membrane with disc central nuclei. 28 A) Stratified Squamous B) Stratified cuboidal C) Simple cuboidal D) Stratified columnar Transitional epithelium it is a layers of epithelium cuboidal or columnar shaped of cells that can contract and expand Location in 29 A) Palm of hand and sole of foot B) Mouth and oral cavity C) Trachea and epididymis D) Urinary bladder and ureters Classification of the glands according to the presence of duct to 30 A) Tubular and Acinar or alveolar B) Trabecular and Follicular glands C) Exocrine and Endocrine glands D) Simple and Compound Which of these is not an endocrine gland 31 A) Pancreas B) Salivary gland C) Parathyroid D) adrenal glands Which of the following gland can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine 32 gland? A) Thyroid B) Pancreas C) parathyroid gland D) submandibular gland 3  ………… are integral membrane proteins that enable the passage of selected ions across cell membranes. 33 A) Ligand-gated ion channels B) gated channel protein B) GLUTs D) Voltage-gated ion channels The sodium-potassium pump requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. Which of these describes the process used by the 34 sodium-potassium pump A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Bulk transport D) Active transport Functions of basal laminae expect? A) supporting the cells B) They provide a barrier that limits or regulates the exchange of macromolecules. 35 C)The presence of the basal lamina around a muscle cell is necessary for the establishment of new neuromuscular junctions. D) Proteins are needed for many cellular functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes. When cells take up molecules and fluid, the process is called 36 A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis D) Exocytosis The primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to 37 A) Identify the amino acid and transport it to the Ribosomes B) Inhibits Protein Synthesis C) RNA Polymerase D) All the above Product of Krebs cycle essential for oxidative phosphorylation is ……. 38 A) NADPH and ATP B) Acetyl CoA C) CO2 and oxaloacetate D) NADH and FADH2 DNA polymerase synthesizes 39 A) DNA in 5’-3’ direction B) DNA in 3’-5’ direction C) mRNA in 3’-5’ direction D) mRNA in 5’-3’ direction Transcription is the process of transferring genetic information from 40 A) DNA to RNA B) mRNA to tRNA C) DNA to mRNA D) None of these Answer the following: [20Marks, 10 mark for each] A. Write three differences between each of the following:(choose one only) 1. Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells 2. DNA & RNA B. Mention the most important enzymes that participate in the process of DNA Replication. 4  ‫‪Good Luck‬‬ ‫رئيس الفرع‬ ‫أستاذ المادة‬ ‫‪5‬‬