Meteorology FINAL PDF

1. SPECI (unscadualed observation) AIREPS 2. Pilot reporting turbulence Light chop Light turbulence Moderate turbulence 3. St. Elmo’s Fire is a corona discharge that appears as a bushy halo around some prominent edges or points on the aircraft structure and around windscreens ( type...

1. SPECI (unscadualed observation) AIREPS 2. Pilot reporting turbulence Light chop Light turbulence Moderate turbulence 3. St. Elmo’s Fire is a corona discharge that appears as a bushy halo around some prominent edges or points on the aircraft structure and around windscreens ( type of static discharge) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AM6kMayn20 Postflight investigation revealed that City of Edinburgh's problems had been caused by flying through a cloud of volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Galunggung. Because the ash cloud was dry, it did not appear on the weather radar, which was designed to detect the moisture in clouds. The dust in the cloud deprived the engines of su@icient oxygen from the atmosphere to maintain combustion, sandblasted the windscreen and landing-light covers, and clogged the engines. As the ash entered the engines, it melted in the combustion chambers and adhered to the inside of the power plant. As the engine cooled from inactivity, and as the aircraft descended out of the ash cloud, the molten ash solidified and enough broke o@ for air to again flow smoothly through the engine, allowing a successful restart. The engines had enough electrical power to crank, ignite, and restart because one generator and the on-board batteries were still operating. 4. Lighting 5. Convective SIGMETS and bulletins are issued hardly with special advisories issues as required and the forecast for WST are 2 hours or less? True, False 6. At what time of the day are convicted thunderstorms the most likely to occur? In the afternoon 7. AIRMETS( types of it) Sierra Tango Zulu 8. Air forecast are normally valid for18 hours, and issued 3 times daily 9. Convective sigmet ( UWS 13050, sigmet Romeo1 valid until …. Then it goes UAE from the DXB to AJM to FUJ, DXB severe icy turbulence between 25,000 and flight level 290, condition continuing beyond 0830 zolus 10. Every physical process of weather is a result of heat exchange 11. Forecast accuracy depends on the accuracy of the initial observation and the accuracy of the model, if either one or both of these are in error, the forecast will sucer? True, False 12. AIREP (short answer) 13. How far will a volcanic ash cloud could travel in 12 hours if the wind speed of that plume level is 30 knots? 12x30=360 miles 14. Icing occurrence type in severity depends on 3 basic parameters? Temperature, Liquid water content, AKLWC, droplet size 15. Mountain breeze is called Anabatic, and Vally breeze is called catabatic ? True, False 16. List 4 sections of area forecast?  1. Header 2. Precautionary statement 3. Synopsis 4. VFR cloud and weather 17. What is induction icing? A general term which applies to all icing that acects the power plant operation, main ecect is power loss due to ice blocking the air before it enters the engine, thereby interfering with the fuel/air mixture. It includes carburetor icing and icing on air intakes such as screens and air scoops What is structural icing ? refers to the accumulation of ice on the exterior of the aircraft during flight through clouds or liquid precipitation when the skin temperature of the aircraft is equal to or less than 0 degreed Celsius 18. SIGMETS LLWS( low level wind shear alert system) 19. The conditions necessary for the formation stratiform clouds are lifting action and stable moist air 20. Volcanic Ash become less hazardous as they age because of the fallout of large ash particles? True, False 21. The 2 main indicators of icing conditions are clouds, air temperature less than zero degree Celsius or 32 degree Fahrenheit? True, False 22. What are the 3 types of inflight weather advisories they are standard abbreviation? AIRMETS (WA)  SIGMETS(WS) Convective SIGMETS(WST) 23. What 2 flight hazards might you encounter in the vicinity of smoke blooms? IMC, turbulence, toxic gases, abrasive particulates 24. VNR stands for (Visual flight rules not recommended) 25. Which correctly describes the purpose of convective SIGMET? Thet consist of either observation and a forecast of just a four or just forecast of tornadoes, significant thunderstorm activity, hail greater than or equal to ¾ of an in-chant diameter 26. Wind can be created by what ? a. Fronts b. Obstacles c. Sea breeze’s d. All of the above 27. Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining flight level 210? Pressure Altitude 28. Picture type of icing 29. Type of clouds (7 types ) Towering cumulus Cirrus clouds Lenticular Cloud Cumulonimbus mammatus clouds Cumulonimbus capitalis cloud Funnel cloud Roll cloud 30. What visible signs indicates extreme turbulence in thunderstorms? Cumulonimbus clouds(dangerous cloud) 31. A common location of clear air turbulence is where? Jet streams 32. Fog produced by frontal activity is a result of saturation due to what ? a. Nocturnal cooling b. Adiabatic cooling c. Evaporation of precipitation d. All of the above 33. During approach, the most important and most easily recognized means of being alerted to possible wind shear is monitoring the power and vertical velocity required to remain on the correct glidepath. 34. Low level windshear may occur when ? whenever there is temperature inversion. 35. Ice pallets encountered during flights are normally evident on what ? a. Cold front has passed b. There are thunderstorms in your area c. Freezing rain exists at higher altitudes d. All of the above 36. FROST covering the upper surface of an aircraft wing will usually do what? STALL at lower than normal 37. Select the true statement pertaining to the lifecycle of a thunderstorm?  a. Updrafts continue to develop throughout the dissipating stage of the thunderstorm b. The beginning of rain at the earth surface indicates the mature stage of the thunderstorm has begun c. The beginning of the rain at the earth surface indicates the dissipation stage of the thunderstorm d. None of the above 38. You are going on a thunderstorm that is in your flight path, you are over 20 miles from the cell, however, you are under the anthill of the cell is this a hazard? a. No, you are at a safe distance b. Yes, the hail will be discharged from the anvil c. Yes, this is still in the area of dissipation d. None of the above 39. Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered where? In areas of temperature inversion and near thunderstorms. 40. The greatest hazard in an aircraft operated in the vicinity of the thunderstorms are A. Hail and turbulance B. Thunder and heavy rain C. Percipitation,static, low visibility D. Moderate ice 41. During the lifecycle of a thunderstorm which stage is characterized predominantly by downdrafts? a. Mature  b. Developing c. Dissipating d. Down burse 42. SIGMETS are issued as a warning of weather conditions, which are the hazardous a. to all aircrafts b. practically heavier aircrafts c. practically to light airplanes d. none of the above 43. AIRMETS are issued on an scheduled basis every when ? every 6 hours 44. What is the expected duration of an individual microburst? seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation 45. Dicerent types of thunderstorms 46. Which procedure is recommended if a pilotship unintentionally penetrate anbeded thunderstorm activity ? Keep penetrating straight through 47. Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm? Lighting 48. The most hazardous aspects of structural icing is loss of aerodynamic eciciency, increase in drag and decrease in lift 49. Expect clear ice to form on the leading edge of an airfoil when? the air temperature around the airfoil is below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F) and there is moisture present in the air 50. Nimbus means( rain clouds) 51. AWC means ( Aviation Weather Center) 52. What is the bottom layer of the lowest overcast layer on the falling PIREP report? (lowest layer is the broken cloud here at 3000 feet ) Ex: JAX UA /OV SGJ270010/TM 2035/FL030/TP C172/SK BKN030 53. When an altimeter is changed from one number to another in which either direction, in which direction will be indicate altitude change by what value? Ex: 30.30 to 29.86 ( we need to subtract 30.30-29.86= 0.44 then x1000 so we get 440 lower( as you are gitting closer to the standared sitting) 54. Which provides a graphical display of of bullet VFR and IFR weather? Weather Depiction Chart 55. Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future? 12-hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart 56. What information is provided by the radar summary chart? lines and cells of hazardous thunderstorms 57. What is the upper limit of a low level significant weather prognostic chart? 24,000 feet above MSL 58. BONUS ( Density Altitude) 59. What is a white out ecect ? Snow can fall and cover the entire area so that you can’t distingish where is the runway starts and ends 60. Matching question  Static electricity: a steady, high level of noise in radio receivers results from static electricity (sometimes called precipitation static) and is caused by intense corona discharges from sharp metallic points and edges of flying aircraft. Adverse winds: are always found within thunderstorms and often many miles away from the precipitation area. Downburse: are intense downdrafts produced by shower and thunderstorm cells that create strong; often damaging winds. 61. Matching question - Single cell thunderstorm: consist of One Cell a. They are easily circumnavigated by pilots except at night or when embedded in other places b. Single Cell thunderstorms are rare, almost all thunderstorms are multi-cell. - Multicell cluster thunderstorm: consist of organized clusters of cells at various stages of their life cycle. - Supercell thunderstorm: Dangerous convective storms that consist primarily of a single, quasi-steady, rotating updraft that persist for an extended period of time - Airmass thunderstorm: Result from surface heating o When the storm reaches the mature stage, rain falls through or immediately beside the updraft Single Airmass thunderstorm: - Steady state thunderstorm: Associated with all weather systems. Fronts, converging winds and troughs aloft induce upward motion, spawning thunderstorms, which often form squall lines.Afternoon heating intensified these storms. 62. A METAR is given and you need to know, what is the temperature and dewpoint spread temperature and dewpoint spread= (temp-dewpoint)/(2.5/1000 feet) 63. RH(relative humidity percentage)= (VP/SVP)x100 64. What is the cloud base cumulus cloud with information provided ?where is the base will be located? H=((T-DP)/4.4)x1000 65. When landing behind a large jet aircraft, at what point of the runway should you plan to land? Beyond the jet's touchdown point 66. Which reponds most closely interpets the following PIREPS Ex.) UA/OV OKC 063064/TM 1522/FL080/TP C172/TA -04 /WV245040/TB LGT/RM IN CLR Answer: 64 nautical miles on the 63 degree radial from Oklahoma City VOR at 1522 UTC, flight level 8,000 feet. Type of aircraft is a Cessna 172.