AVS 150 Exam 2 PDF

How does flight within an ACSL cloud compare to flight beneath the lowest ASCL cloud? Question 1 Select one: a. Relatively rough within, and smooth below. b. Answer: About the same level of turbulence within as below. c. Answer: Relatively smooth within, and rough below. d. Smooth air both within an...

How does flight within an ACSL cloud compare to flight beneath the lowest ASCL cloud? Question 1 Select one: a. Relatively rough within, and smooth below. b. Answer: About the same level of turbulence within as below. c. Answer: Relatively smooth within, and rough below. d. Smooth air both within and below. Why is a "Bora" wind also called a "Fall" wind? a. Because "Fall" means "Powerfull" in Tahitian, the language spoken in Bora Bora where these winds occur most often. b. Because the winds most often occur during Autum, or the "Fall" season. c. Answer: Because the cold air descends the leward slope quickly and "falls" off the mountains due to its relatively high density. d. Because they can blow so hard as to make large trees fall over. Why do Dust Devils form? a. Answer: Wind swirls behind a large obstruction. b. The rotor cloud beneath some standing ACSL clouds becomes tilted vertically. c. Convective activity causes a rotating downdraft. d. Convective activity causes a rotating updraft. What do KH Wave clouds indicate concerning the atmosphere above and below the base of the clouds? a. Calm winds aloft, with roughly equal calm winds below. b. Relatively calm winds aloft, with high winds below. c. High winds aloft, with roughly equal high winds below. d. Answer: High winds aloft, with relatively calm winds below. What atmospheric characteristic determines whether cumuliform or lenticular clouds will form over mountainous terrain following orographic lifting action? a. Atmospheric Pressure b. Answer: Atmospheric Stability c. Atmospheric Moisture Content d. Atmospheric Lifting Action During what seasons are Northern latitudes more likely to have cloudy skies and a higher chance of precipitation? a. Fall and Winter b. Winter and Spring c. Spring and Summer d. Answer: Summer and Fall What is Ice Fog? a. Fog that is created by ice melting into water, and then evaporating into water vapor. b. Fog that is created by ice sublimating into water vapor, and then condensing into liquid. c. Answer: A Cirrus cloud on the ground. d. Fog that will freeze to your aircraft on contact if flown through. Why do Single-Cell Thunderstorms dissipate fairly quickly? a. Because the Unstable Lapse Rate no longer exists b. Because the airmass isn't humid enough to support continued growth c. Answer: Because the precipitation-induced Downdrafts cut off the Updrafts d. Because the initial Lifting Action stops 1. How does a Thunderstorm form large Hail? a. Cyclonic action forces the hail stones to combine through centrifugal force. b. Answer: Strong downdrafts in the storm accelerate the speed of the hail towards the Earth, allowing the hail to grow through collision and coalescence. c. Answer: Strong updrafts keep the hail suspended in the storm while it continues to grow through collision and coalescence. d. Lightning causes the hail stones to combine through electromagnetic forces. 2. When does the Mature Stage of a Thunderstorm begin? a. When Thunder begins b. When the Storm consists entirely of Updrafts c. When Lightning begins d. Answer: When precipitation contacts the Earth's Surface Why do Squall Line Thunderstorms form? a. High Pressure causes a large-scale Lifting Action and clockwise rotation. b. Answer: Lifting Action is produced by a Front that can run for hundreds of miles. c. Wind pushes the storms further away from the initial source of Lifting Action. d. Low Pressure causes a large-scale Lifting Action and counter-clockwise rotation. How does a Supercell thunderstorm, that can grow extremely Large and last for many hours, differ from a Single Cell Thunderstorm? a. The Supercell is produced from Multicell storms, rather that being a single, isolated cell. b. Answer: The Supercell has a tilted vertical structure that separates the updrafts from the downdrafts. c. Supercell storms produce thunder and lighting, while Single Cell storms do not. d. Supercell storms do NOT require an initial source of Lifting Action, while Single Cell storms do. What are the Ingredients necessary to form a Thunderstorm? a. Answer: Lifting Action, Moisture, and an Unstable Lapse Rate b. Dry Air, High Pressure, and an Unstable Lapse Rate c. Moisture, Lifting Action, and a Stable Lapse Rate d. Moisture, High Pressure, and an Stable Lapse Rate How quickly can a thunderstorm complete all 3 life cycles? Select one: a. Answer: In as little as 30 minutes. b. In no less than 1 hour. c. No less than 2 hours. d. In as little as 10 minutes. What determines the direction a Thunderstorm will Travel? a. Answer: Wind direction and what direction the storm is building. b. Wind direction. c. The latitude of the storm, and the relative strength of Coriolis effect. d. The location of the initial Lifting Action for the storm. Why can Thunderstorms produce Severe Icing? a. Because Thunderstorms often extend into the Stratosphere, where they collect additional moisture and below freezing air. b. Because all of the moisture in the Thunderstorm is at below freezing temperatures. c. Because they produce Thunder and Lightning. d. Answer: Because they contain large volumes of water at below freezing temperatures, with large water droplet size. What type of Lapse Rate does a Thunderstorm require for development, and why a. A Stable Lapse Rate, so that an air parcel given initial lift will continue to rise. b. Answer: An Unstable Lapse Rate, so that an air parcel given initial lift will remain at its new altitude. c. An Unstable Lapse Rate, so that an air parcel given initial lift will continue to rise. d. A Stable Lapse Rate, so that an air parcel given initial lift will descend back down to its original altitude. Why does a Thunderstorm require both warm and moist air to develop? Because Warm air can hold Less total moisture, and the latent heat absorbed from the moisture evaporating further Cools the air parcel, allowing it to continue to rise. b. Because Warm air can hold More total moisture, and the latent heat released from the moisture condensing further Warms the air parcel, allowing it to continue to rise. c. Answer: Because Warm air can hold More total moisture, and the latent heat released from the moisture condensing further Cools the air parcel, allowing it to descend. d. Because Warm air is less dense and naturally rises, eliminating the requirement for any initial lifting action. Why do Thunderstorms produce Severe and Extreme Turbulence? a. Because they produce Tornadoes. b. Because they are a type of Stratus Cloud. c. Because they produce Lightning. d. Answer: Because they have strong Windshear associated. Why does Airspeed have an affect on the way an Aircraft Reacts to Turbulence? a. Answer: An airplane wing is capable of producing much more lift at higher airspeeds, resulting in large changes in lift when the angle of attack changes on the wing due to a shift in the relative wind. b. Slower Airspeeds reduce an Airplane's Inertia, and make it more susceptible to being affected by Turbulence. c. Travelling faster through the air allows an Aircraft to "glide" over turbulence with ease, similar to how driving fast over a bumpy road smooths out the ride. d. Faster Airspeeds increase the effectiveness of the Aircraft Flight Controls, allowing the pilot to correct more precisely for flight path deviations caused by Turbulence. If the Atmosphere is moist enough to form clouds due to Convective lifting action, how can a pilot avoid the most turbulent parts of the Atmosphere? a. By remaining above the bases of the Cumulus clouds, and inside of the clouds themselves. b. By remaining below the bases of the Cumulus clouds, and keeping clear skies above that are free from clouds. c. By remaining below the bases of the Cumulus clouds, and beneath the clouds themselves. d. Answer By remaining above the bases of the Cumulus clouds, and in the clear air outside of the clouds. Where is Turbulence associated with Airmass Fronts most likely located? a. Within the Warmer Portion of the Front. b. Within the Colder Portion of the Front. c. Answer: At the Frontal Boundary. d. Behind the surface position of a Cold Front, and Ahead of a Warm Front Why is Turbulence often associated with the Top of an Inversion Layer? a. Answer: Because winds blowing at the top of the Inversion layer cause turbulent eddies as they interact with the stable layer below. b. Because of the convection currents at the top of the Inversion layer. c. Because of the mechanical turbulence generated by terrain near the top of the Inversion layer. d. Because of the often violent updrafts and downdrafts within the Inversion. Why may Light Turbulence be detrimental to Aircraft Operations? a. Due to possible structural damage when flying above Va (Maneuvering Speed), but below Vno (Maximum Structural Cruising Speed). b. Answer: Due to distraction and making routine tasks more difficult. c. Due to the inability to read the Aircraft Instruments. d. Due to possible structural damage when flying below Vno (Maximum Structural Cruising Speed). How should a Pilot avoid Mechanical Turbulence? a. Avoid flying over surfaces with low Specific Heat Capacity, such as Asphalt. b. AnswerAvoid flying on the Downwind (Leeward) side of obstructions to the wind. c. Fly below the tops of Mountain ridges, on the Downwind (Leeward) side. d. Avoid flying on the Upwind (Windward) side of obstructions to the wind. How would a Pilot know if they are encountering Moderate Turbulence? a. They would feel slight strain against their seatbelts, and the air is no longer "smooth". b. The National Weather Service would have issued an Airmet for Turbulence. c. Answer:They would feel definite strain against their seatbelts, and unsecure objects would become dislodged from their resting places. d. They would be violently thrust against their seatbelts, and the Aircraft may be momentarily out of control. How would a Pilot avoid the worst Turbulence associated with Mountain Wave activity? a. Answer: Avoid flying below the bases of Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL) clouds. b. Avoid flying on the Downwind (Leeward) side of mountain ridges. c. Avoid flying over the top of Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL) clouds. d. Avoid flying on the Upwind (Windward) side of mountain ridges. How does an Aircraft's Weight affect its reaction to Turbulence? Answer: a. Heavier Aircraft are NOT affected by Turbulence as much as Lighter Aircraft, due to their greater Inertia. b. Lighter Aircraft are NOT affected by Turbulence as much as Heavier Aircraft, due to their Lower Maneuvering Speed (Va). c. Heavy and Light Aircraft are affected by Turbulence in the same manner. d. Aircraft Weight does not matter as much as the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Aircraft. When should a Pilot turn on Carburetor Heat as a preventative measure so that Ice is not likely to form in the venturi? a. When at reduced power settings, with a temperature below 10˚C and a dewpoint within 3 degrees of the Temperature. b. Any time the aircraft is operating at less than full power. c. When at High power settings, with a temperature below 20˚C and a dewpoint within 5 degrees of the Temperature. d. Answer: When at Reduced power settings, with a temperature below 20˚C and a dewpoint within 5 degrees of the Temperature. Why is Clear Ice more Difficult to remove with Deicing Equipment? a. Clear Ice is a mix of ALL types of Icing, and contains the negative characteristics of each type. b. Clear Ice is easier to see and detect. c. Answer: Clear Ice is more dense and solid, and can run back aft of Deicing Equipment. d. Clear Ice is more light and brittle, and impacts the Leading Edge of the Wing. Where would Freezing Rain most likely be encountered when flying through a Frontal Boundary? a. On the Warmer side of the Frontal Boundary. above the Front. b. It depends on whether the Front is a Warm or Cold Front c. Answer: On the Colder side of the Frontal Boundary, below the Front. d. In the Clear Air, but below the cloud bases on the Warm side of the Front. How does Icing potential differ depending on Cloud Type? a. Answer: Icing potential in Stratus Clouds is more broad in the Horizontal dimension, and more narrow in the Vertical dimension than in Cumulus Clouds. b. Icing Potential in Cumulus Clouds is always lower than in Stratus Clouds. c. Icing Potential only exists in Cumulus Clouds if they are of the Cumulonimbus Variety. d. Icing Potential in Stratus Clouds is always lower than in Cumulus Clouds. What atmospheric conditions are required for Structural Icing to occur? a. Outside Air Temperatures below 10˚C and a Temperature Dewpoint Spread of 3˚C or less b. Answer: Outside Air Temperatures below Freezing and Visible Moisture c. Structural Icing can occur in ANY Atmospheric conditions d. Outside Air Temperatures below 20˚C and a Temperature Dewpoint Spread of 5˚C or less Why is Structural Icing detrimental to Aircraft Performance? a. Structural Icing Increases Thrust and Lift, and Reduces Weight and Drag b. Structural Icing Increases all of the 4 Forces of Flight c. Structural Icing Decreases all of the 4 Forces of Flight d. Answer: Structural Icing Increases Weight and Drag, and Reduces Thrust and Lift Which Icing Factor contributes most to the Rate of Ice Accumulation? a. The Outside Air Temperature b. Answer: The Supercooled Liquid Water Content (SLWC) of the Cloud or Precipitation c. The presences of Supercooled Large Water Droplets (SLD's) d. The Speed of the Aircraft Where is the highest Icing Potential in any cloud type? a. Answer: At the Top of the cloud. b. Downwind of the cloud. c. At the base of the cloud. d. In the middle of the cloud. How is Moderate Icing defined? a. The rate of accumulation is such that deicing equipment Fails to control the Hazard. b. Answer: The rate of accumulation makes even short encounters Hazardous. c. The rate of accumulation is marginally greater than the rate of sublimation. d. May be a problem if operations are prolonged (> 1 hour) Why does Rime icing have a rough and milky/opaque appearance? a. Because a mix of Small and Large water droplets impact and take various amounts of time to freeze. b. Because Small water droplets impact and take some time to freeze completely, trapping air bubbles in the process. c. Answer: Because Small water droplets freeze on impact, trapping air bubbles in the process. d. Because Large water droplets impact and run aft before freezing completely. What is meant by the term "Supercooled" water? a. Water that exists in Solid form, with a Temperature below -40˚C b. Water than exists in Gaseous form, but with a Temperature below Freezing c. Water that exists in Solid form, but with a Temperature above Freezing d. Answer: Water that exists in Liquid form, but with a Temperature below Freezing How does Advection Fog form? a. Air is pushed uphill by wind, and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint from Adiabatic Cooling. b. Relatively warmer Water releases water vapor into the Atmosphere bringing the Dewpoint up to the Air Temperature. c. Answer: Warm, moist air from over Water moves over colder Land and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint. d. The Earth cooling after sunset causes the Air Temperature to drop to the Dewpoint. How is Blowing Snow different from regular Snow reported on a METAR? a. Blowing snow is only associated with winds over 15kts. b. Blowing Snow causes lower reductions to visibility than regular Snow. c. Snow is only associated with winds below 20kts. d. Answer: Blowing Snow involves snow that has already fallen to the Earth's surface, rather than snow falling from a cloud as Precipitation. Why would Fog be reported instead of Drizzle? a. Fog is reported if the obstruction to visibility is due to precipitating water particles, instead of suspended water particles. b. Fog is reported if visibility drops below 7 statute miles. c. Fog is reported if visibility drops below 5/8 statute miles. d. Answer: Fog is reported if the obstruction to visibility is due to suspended water particles, instead of precipitating water particles. Why would a Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) or Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) report Fog instead of Mist? a. Fog is reported if visibility drops below 7 statute miles. b. Fog is reported if the water droplets remain suspended in the cloud. c. Mist is reported if the water droplets precipitate out of the cloud. d. Answer: Fog is reported if visibility drops below 5/8 statute miles. How does an Indefinite Ceiling with a vertical Visibility of 500' differ operationally from an overcast layer at 500' with no reported obstructions to visibility below the overcast for a Pilot flying an Aircraft? a. An Overcast Layer usually has Moderate or greater Turbulence Associated. b. An Indefinite Ceiling does NOT restrict VFR operations if below 1000' and the Airport is in Controlled Airspace. c. An Overcast Layer has much worse slant-range visibility. d. Answer: An Indefinite Ceiling has much worse slant-range visibility. When will Obstructions to Visibility be reported on an Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) or Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)? a. Whenever their is an obstruction to visibility present and detectable in the Atmosphere. b. Answer: When the obstruction reduces visibility to below 7 statute miles. c. When the obstruction reduces visibility to below 5/8 statute miles. d. When the obstruction reduces visibility to below 10 statute miles. How does Radiation Fog form? a. Air is pushed uphill by wind, and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint from Adiabatic Cooling. b. Answer: The Earth cooling after sunset causes the Air Temperature to drop to the Dewpoint. c. Relatively warmer Water releases water vapor into the Atmosphere bringing the Dewpoint up to the Air Temperature. d. Warm, moist air from over Water moves over colder Land and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint. How does Steam Fog form? a. Air is pushed uphill by wind, and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint from Adiabatic Cooling. b. The Earth cooling after sunset causes the Air Temperature to drop to the Dewpoint. c. Warm, moist air from over Water moves over colder Land and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint. d. Answer: Relatively warmer Water releases water vapor into the Atmosphere bringing the Dewpoint up to the Air Temperature. How does Upslope Fog form? a. Warm, moist air from over Water moves over colder Land and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint. b. Answer: Air is pushed uphill by wind, and the Air Temperature drops to the Dewpoint from Adiabatic Cooling. c. The Earth cooling after sunset causes the Air Temperature to drop to the Dewpoint. d. Relatively warmer Water releases water vapor into the Atmosphere bringing the Dewpoint up to the Air Temperature. Why is Volcanic Ash particularly dangerous to Aircraft Operations, as compared to other types of obstructions to Visibility? a. Volcanic Ash always has Severe Turbulence associated. b. Volcanic Ash can melt inside of reciprocating engines, causing them to seize. c. Answer: Volcanic Ash is extremely abrasive, and can cause Windscreens of Aircraft to become opaque. d. Volcanic Ash can reduce visibility to near Zero. What is Precipitation? a. Answer: Any form of water particle that falls from the atmosphere to reach the ground. b. Rain, Sleet, and Drizzle. c. Anything that falls from the sky and reaches the Earth's surface. d. Snow, Rain, and Sleet. Why does precipitation fall from a cloud instead of remaining suspended in the Atmosphere? a. Answer:Precipitation falls from the cloud once it grows large enough that the force of gravity overcomes the lifting forces keeping it aloft. b. Precipitation falls from the cloud as soon as it condenses/deposits and becomes a liquid/solid. c. Precipitation falls from clouds for numerous reasons, depending on if it falls as a liquid, solid, or gas. d. Precipitation falls from the cloud as soon as it condenses and becomes liquid. What is Virga? a. Precipitation that DOES reach the Earth's surface, and then Evaporates or Sublimates within an hour. b. Visible streaks below a cloud that indicate precipitation is occurring and will reach the Earth's surface. c. An extension of a cloud below it's base that reaches the Earth's surface. d. Answer:Precipitation that does NOT reach the Earth's surface due to Evaporation or Sublimation as it falls. What vertical atmospheric structure is required for snow to reach the Earth's surface? a. Above freezing temperatures at formation in the cloud, and a deep layer of below freezing temperatures above the Earth's surface. b. Below freezing temperatures at formation in the cloud, and a deep layer of above freezing temperatures above the Earth's surface. c. Answer: Below freezing temperatures from formation in the cloud to the Earth's surface. d. Above freezing temperatures from formation in the cloud to the Earth's surface. What type of vertical Atmospheric temperature structure do Ice Pellets (Sleet) require in order to form? a. Below freezing at formation in the cloud, with a colder Below freezing layer beneath the cloud, and finally another Below freezing layer just above the Earth's surface. b. Above freezing at formation in the cloud, with a colder Below freezing layer beneath the cloud, and finally another Above freezing layer just prior to the Earth's surface. c. Above freezing at formation in the cloud, with a warmer Above freezing layer beneath the cloud, and finally another Above freezing layer just prior to the Earth's surface. d. Answer: Below freezing at formation in the cloud, with a warmer Above freezing layer beneath the cloud, and finally another Below freezing layer just prior to the Earth's surface. How does the vertical Atmospheric temperature structure differ for the formation of freezing rain experienced at the surface, versus the formation of Ice Pellets (Sleet) experienced at the surface? a. Ice Pellets (Sleet) requires Below-Freezing temperatures from the Cloud base all the way to the Earth's surface b. Freezing Rain requires a more shallow/thinner Above-Freezing layer prior to reaching the Earth's surface. c. Ice Pellets (Sleet) requires a deeper/thicker Above-Freezing layer prior to reaching the Earth's surface. d. Answer: Freezing Rain requires a deeper/thicker Above-Freezing layer prior to reaching the Earth's surface. How do Drizzle and Snow Grains differ from Rain and Snow in their formation? a. Drizzle and Snow grains require an overlying cold layer of air aloft to produce the precipitation, with a warmer above-freezing layer beneath. b. Answer: Drizzle and Snow Grains form from low-lying clouds with very little vertical development. c. Drizzle and Snow Grains form from air masses with very high moisture content. d. Rain and Snow form from air masses with very low moisture content. What advantage does ground based Weather Radar have over airborne radar with its higher power and longer wavelength? a. Higher beam width, and ability to see more of the storm per sweep. b. Higher Reflectivity, and the ability to see smaller forms of precipitation. c. Answer: Less Attenuation, and the ability to see further into the storm. d. Less Backscatter, and ability to receive reflected energy back from the storm. Why do ground weather radar products paint a more accurate picture of precipitation than airborn weather radar? a. Ground weather radar is more current in terms time. b. Answer: Ground weather radar products are less prone to attenuation, and is stitched together from multiple radar sites. c. Ground weather radar is operated by individual people, rather than being automated. d. Ground weather radar is closer to the precipitation it is painting. What types of precipitation are most reflective to Weather Radar? a. Answer: Liquid, Numerous, and Large. b. Liquid, Few, and Small. c. Liquid, Numerous, and Small. d. Solid, Numerous and Large. What does Weather Radar best display for pilots? a. The amount of frozen water within a cloud. b. The amount of supercooled water within a cloud. c. The amount of liquid water within a cloud. d. Answer: The total water content in a cloud (sum of solid, liquid, and gaseous water How should a pilot of a light, single engine airplane use ground-based Weather Radar when enroute? a. Answer: To make go/no go or proceed/divert decisions. b. To navigate the aircraft and maintain flying through areas of light precipitation. c. To predict the direction of storm cells and alter their course while in flight. d. To circumnavigate individual areas of heavy pricipitation while flying at night or in the clouds. What determines whether a Parcel of Air will continue to rise after it has been subject to some type of initial Lifting Action? a. The type of initial Lifting Action. b. Answer: The Air Parcel's Density relative to the Surrounding Air. c. The Humidity of the Air Parcel relative to the Surrounding Air. d. The Temperature of the Air Parcel. In order for the Atmosphere to exhibit "Absolute" stability, the atmosphere must cool ______ the Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate as altitude increases. a. at Twice the rate of b. Answer: at a Slower rate than c. at a Faster rate than d. at the Same rate as In order for the Atmosphere to exhibit "Neutral" stability, the atmosphere must cool ______ the Dry or Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate as altitude increases. a. Answer: at the Same rate as b. at Twice the rate of c. at a rate Faster than d. at a rate Slower than In order for the Atmosphere to exhibit "Absolute Instability", the atmosphere must cool ______ the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate a. Slower than b. at Twice the rate of c. at the Same rate as d. Answer: Faster than Why does Wind affect Atmospheric Stability? a. Because moving Warm Air to the Bottom and Cold Air to the Top of the Airmass makes it more likely that a rising Air Parcel will be Colder and More Dense than the surrounding air, and descend back down. b. Because moving Warm Air to the Top and Cold Air to the Bottom of the Airmass makes it more likely that a rising Air Parcel will be the same Density as the surrounding air, and remain at that altitude after it has been given some initial form of lift. c. Because moving Warm Air to the Top and Cold Air to the Bottom of the Airmass makes it more likely that a rising Air Parcel will be Warmer and Less Dense than the surrounding air, and continue to rise. d. Answer: Because moving Warm Air to the Bottom and Cold Air to the Top of the Airmass makes it more likely that a rising Air Parcel will be Warmer and Less Dense than the surrounding air, and continue to rise. How does Vertical Air Motion Effect Atmospheric Stability? a. Answer: Rising columns of air become more Unstable, because the top of the rising column of air expands and cools MORE than the bottom of the column. b. Rising columns of air become more Stable, because the top of the rising column of air expands and cools MORE than the bottom of the column. c. Rising and Descending Columns of Air have NO effect on Stability, because they do NOT influence Temperature Change. d. Descending columns of air become more Unstable, because the top of the rising column of air compresses and warms MORE than the bottom of the column. How do Diurnal Temperature changes effect Atmospheric Stability? a. Answer: Daytime heating of the Earth's surface, and subsequent re-radiation of that energy to warm the lower levels of the atmosphere, Decreases Atmospheric Stability. b. Daytime heating of the Earth's surface, and subsequent re-radiation of that energy to warm the lower levels of the atmosphere, Increases Atmospheric Stability. c. Diurnal Temperature Changes have NO Effect on Atmospheric Stability, because they do NOT influence changes in Air Temperature. d. Nighttime Cooling of the Earth's surface cools the lower levels of the atmosphere, Decreasing Atmospheric Stability. If the Lifted Index, which subtracts the Temperature of an Air Parcel lifted to an Altitude from the Temperature of the Atmosphere at that Altitude, results in a negative number, that means: a. Answer: That the Atmosphere is Absolutely Unstable b. That the Atmosphere has reached its Saturation Point. c. That the Atmosphere is Absolutely Stable d. That the Atmosphere is Neutrally Stable Why is it important for Pilots to learn about different Cloud Types? a. Cloud types help Pilots more accurately forecast the Weather. b. Some Cloud Types are approved for Instrument Flight Rules, while others are not c. Answer: Different Cloud Types have certain Turbulence and Icing Characteristics d. Some Cloud Types are approved for Visual Flight Rules, while others are not What is a necessary precursor for creating Clouds with enough vertical development to produce Precipitation? a. Winds blowing perpendicular to Mountains b. Answer: Lifting Action c. Frontal passage d. Uneven heating of the Earth's Surface What does the prefix "Nimbo" or suffix "Nimbus" mean? a. "Layer" b. Answer: "Rain" c. "Puffy" d. "Lightning" What does the Latin root for Stratus mean? a. "Thunder" b. "Rain" c. "Puffy" d. Answer: "Layer" What additional information can be derived from clouds with low AGL bases? a. Visibility will be Reduced b. Thunderstorms are Likely c. Answer: Small Temperature/Dewpoint Spread d. Rain is Likely What altitude AGL do the bases of Low clouds end, and Middle Clouds Start? a. 3,000' AGL b. 5,600' AGL c. Answer: 6,500' AGL d. 1,000' AGL What are Supercooled Large Water Droplets (SLD's)? a. Answer: Large, liquid water particles with a temperature Below freezing. b. Large, liquid water particles with a temperature Above freezing. c. Large water vapor molecules with a temperature Below Freezing. d. Large, frozen water particles with a temperature Below freezing. What does the presence of Cumulus Clouds indicate about the Atmosphere? a. High wind potential b. High Humidity c. A low Temperature/Dewpoint spread d. Answer: Atmospheric Instability Why should pilots be more concerned about Towering Cumulus than regular Cumulus clouds? a. Regular Cumulus clouds don't have any Turbulence or Icing potential. b. Towering Cumulus clouds are taller than regular Cumulus clouds. c. Answer; Towering Cumulus clouds indicate more energy within the clouds, in terms of Wind, Turbulence and Moisture content. d. Towering Cumulus clouds will have Lightning and Thunder associated. What do Stratus Clouds indicate about the Atmosphere? a. Low winds b. Answer: Stable conditions c. A high Temperature/Dewpoint spread d. Low humidity Where does the greatest threat for turbulence exist with Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL) clouds? a. On the windward (upwind) side of the mountain range, at any level of the ASCL layers. b. Above the highest layer of ASCL clouds. c. In the middle of the ASCL cloud layers. d. Answer: Below the lowest layer of ASCL clouds. Besides turbulence, what other threats do Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL) clouds indicate? a. An Unstable Atmosphere b. Answer: Strong up and down drafts c. Thunderstorms d. Low visibility How does the composition of Nimbostratus clouds differ from Altostratus clouds? a. Nimbostratus clouds contain thunder and lighting. b. Answer: Nimbostratus clouds have enough moisture to generate precipitation. c. Altostratus clouds are Mid-Level clouds, while Nimbostratus are High-Level clouds. d. Nimbostratus clouds are not layered like Altostratus clouds. Approximately how high would the Cloud Bases be with a Temperature/Dewpoint of 20⁰C/15⁰C? a. 4,000' b. Answer: 2'000' c. 1,000' d. 10,000' Why do inversions form in Northern climates? a. Because the relatively cool earth pulls heat from the atmosphere above, lowering the temperature of the air at the top of the atmosphere. b. Because the relatively warm earth conducts and radiates heat to the atmosphere above, increasing the temperature of the air at the bottom of the atmosphere. c. Answer: Because the relatively cool earth pulls heat from the atmosphere above, lowering the temperature of the air at the bottom of the atmosphere. d. Because the relatively warm earth conducts and radiates heat to the atmosphere above, increasing the temperature of the air at the top of the atmosphere. Why are winds normally lighter during the winter months in Northern Latitudes? a. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface results in higher pressure differentials. b. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface results in lower pressure differentials. c. Even heating of the Earth's surface results in lower pressure differentials. d. Answer: Even heating of the Earth's surface results in higher pressure differentials. How does the "Twilight" period between sunset and evening civil twilight compare between locations near the equator versus northern latitudes? a. Twilight lasts for much longer near the equator. b. Twilight is nearly the same no matter what the latitude. c. Twilight is of similar length for all latitudes, so long as they are along the same line of longitude. d. Answer:Twilight lasts for much longer in the northern latitudes. What part of Northern climates are generally more "Temperate" during the winter months, with higher average temperatures and smaller swings between diurnal temperatures? a. Areas that are higher in latitude b. Snow covered areas c. Inland Areas d. Answer: Coastal Areas How do whiteout conditions occur in Northern lattitudes? a. Answer: Snow covered surfaces and a low stratus cloud layer reduce shadows and make the horizon difficult to determine. b. Snow covered surfaces reflect the suns light on days with clear skys and make the sky appear to be white instead of blue. c. Blowing snow makes the runway difficult to see during landing approach. d. Snow covered surfaces reflect the suns light on days with clear skys and eliminate all shadows.