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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of induction icing on an aircraft?
What is the primary effect of induction icing on an aircraft?
Which statement correctly describes structural icing?
Which statement correctly describes structural icing?
What conditions are necessary for the formation of stratiform clouds?
What conditions are necessary for the formation of stratiform clouds?
Which of the following types of in-flight weather advisories uses the abbreviation 'WA'?
Which of the following types of in-flight weather advisories uses the abbreviation 'WA'?
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What does VNR stand for in aviation weather reports?
What does VNR stand for in aviation weather reports?
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What provides a visible sign of extreme turbulence in thunderstorms?
What provides a visible sign of extreme turbulence in thunderstorms?
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What is a common location to expect clear air turbulence?
What is a common location to expect clear air turbulence?
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Which is a consequence of volcanic ash aging?
Which is a consequence of volcanic ash aging?
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What is St. Elmo's Fire associated with in aviation?
What is St. Elmo's Fire associated with in aviation?
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What is the main cause of engine problems reported in the City of Edinburgh incident?
What is the main cause of engine problems reported in the City of Edinburgh incident?
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How often are air forecasts typically issued?
How often are air forecasts typically issued?
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What happens to volcanic ash when it enters an aircraft engine?
What happens to volcanic ash when it enters an aircraft engine?
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In which conditions are convective thunderstorms most likely to occur?
In which conditions are convective thunderstorms most likely to occur?
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What are the basic parameters that affect icing severity?
What are the basic parameters that affect icing severity?
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How far can a volcanic ash cloud travel in 12 hours at a wind speed of 30 knots?
How far can a volcanic ash cloud travel in 12 hours at a wind speed of 30 knots?
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What is a common misconception about forecast accuracy?
What is a common misconception about forecast accuracy?
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What phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?
What phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?
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What conditions are likely to lead to the formation of clear ice on an airfoil?
What conditions are likely to lead to the formation of clear ice on an airfoil?
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What does the term 'nimbus' refer to in meteorology?
What does the term 'nimbus' refer to in meteorology?
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What is the upper limit of a low-level significant weather prognostic chart?
What is the upper limit of a low-level significant weather prognostic chart?
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What do radar summary charts provide information about?
What do radar summary charts provide information about?
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Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future?
Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future?
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What is a whiteout effect?
What is a whiteout effect?
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Which type of thunderstorm consists of a single cell?
Which type of thunderstorm consists of a single cell?
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What is the most important method to monitor for possible wind shear during approach?
What is the most important method to monitor for possible wind shear during approach?
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When may low level wind shear occur?
When may low level wind shear occur?
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Frost covering the upper surface of an aircraft wing will usually result in what effect?
Frost covering the upper surface of an aircraft wing will usually result in what effect?
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Which statement is true regarding the lifecycle of a thunderstorm?
Which statement is true regarding the lifecycle of a thunderstorm?
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You are over 20 miles from a thunderstorm but under its anvil. Is this a hazard?
You are over 20 miles from a thunderstorm but under its anvil. Is this a hazard?
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What is the greatest hazard for an aircraft operating near a thunderstorm?
What is the greatest hazard for an aircraft operating near a thunderstorm?
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Which stage of a thunderstorm is characterized predominantly by downdrafts?
Which stage of a thunderstorm is characterized predominantly by downdrafts?
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How often are AIRMETs issued?
How often are AIRMETs issued?
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What primarily distinguishes a supercell thunderstorm from other types of thunderstorms?
What primarily distinguishes a supercell thunderstorm from other types of thunderstorms?
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How is the relative humidity (RH) calculated using vapor pressure (VP) and saturation vapor pressure (SVP)?
How is the relative humidity (RH) calculated using vapor pressure (VP) and saturation vapor pressure (SVP)?
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What is the formula for calculating the cloud base height for cumulus clouds?
What is the formula for calculating the cloud base height for cumulus clouds?
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When landing behind a large jet aircraft, where should the pilot plan to land on the runway?
When landing behind a large jet aircraft, where should the pilot plan to land on the runway?
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What does the following PIREP UA/OV OKC 063064 indicate about flight conditions?
What does the following PIREP UA/OV OKC 063064 indicate about flight conditions?
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Study Notes
Meteorological Phenomena
- SPECI (Unscheduled Observation): Pilot reports turbulence, light chop, light turbulence, and moderate turbulence.
- St. Elmo's Fire: Corona discharge, appearing as a bushy halo around prominent edges or points on aircraft structure and windscreens. A type of static discharge.
- Volcanic Ash: Can cause engine problems, melt in combustion chambers, and clog engines.
- Icing: A general term for ice buildup affecting engine function (induction icing), or ice on external surfaces (structural icing).
- Lighting: Convective SIGMETs and bulletins are issued with special advisories, forecasting 2 hours or less.
- Thunderstorms: Most likely to occur in the afternoon.
- AIRMETS: Different types, including Sierra (IFR conditions/mountain obscurations), Tango (moderate turbulence/sustained surface winds >30 knots/wind shear), and Zulu (moderate icing/freezing level heights).
- Air Forecasts: Valid for 18 hours, issued 3 times daily.
- Convective SIGMETS: Detailed warnings about convective weather (thunderstorms), important for monitoring vertical velocity and remaining on glide path.
- Forecast Accuracy: Depends on the accuracy of the weather observations and the model used.
- Volcanic Ash Cloud Travel Distance: The text states that the 12 hours travel distance of a cloud is calculated by 12 x 30 knots=360 miles.
- Icing Parameters: Icing severity depends on factors such as temperature, liquid water content, droplet size and AKLWC.
- Mountain vs. Valley Breezes: Mountain breeze is anabatic and valley breeze is catabatic.
- Altitude Types: Pressure altitude is used for flight level 210. The text also lists sections of area forecasts.
- Hazard in Thunderstorms: Hail and turbulence listed as a hazard in thunderstorms. Also, thunder, heavy rain, precipitation, and low visibility are noted.
- Thunderstorm Lifecycle Stage: Downdrafts are characteristic of the mature stage.
- SIGMETS: Warnings about weather conditions, especially hazards for aircraft.
- AIRMETS: Issued on a scheduled basis every 6 hours.
- Microburst Duration: Seldom longer than 15 minutes.
- Weather Chart Types: Includes 12-hour significant weather, radar summary chart, and weather depiction charts.
- Nimbus Clouds: Rain clouds.
- Aviation Weather Center (AWC): Provides aviation weather information
- PIREP Reports: Provide information about current weather conditions.
- Density Altitude: A factor in aircraft performance.
- Static Electricity: High levels of noise in radio receivers can result from static electricity discharges.
- Single Cell Thunderstorms: Easily circumnavigated by pilots.
- Multi-cell Thunderstorms: Organized clusters of cells.
- Supercell Thunderstorms: Dangerous, rotating updraft.
- Airmass Thunderstorms: Caused by surface heating.
- Steady State Thunderstorms: Associated with fronts, converging winds, and troughs.
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Description
This quiz covers essential meteorological phenomena that affect aviation safety. Topics include turbulence, volcanic ash, icing, and thunderstorm behavior, alongside important forecasts and advisories for pilots. Test your knowledge on these critical weather conditions that can impact flight operations.
