Metal and Non-Metal Minor Test 5 PDF

yml of i hen, drop apiece of alumi NOW bring a burnt bservation 1(soluble bases ~The equation of this reaction ig 2NaOH Sodium hydroxide 2Al ~ Aluminium “ + Displacement reaction or [thas been found thatam metal activity series, dis in the metal reactivity se chemical reaction ig cal]...

yml of i hen, drop apiece of alumi NOW bring a burnt bservation 1(soluble bases ~The equation of this reaction ig 2NaOH Sodium hydroxide 2Al ~ Aluminium “ + Displacement reaction or [thas been found thatam metal activity series, dis in the metal reactivity se chemical reaction ig cal] A Definition When a more reactive ele reactive element from its reaction which take displacement, A Reactivity series of metals The vertical arrangeme series or activity Reactivity series of metals creases — oe oi > = J) Bi 4 Metals more reactive than hydrogen Metals less reactive than hydrogen given below: ofe 2H,O —_, 2NaAlO, etal which is MOre reactive in the Places another metal ries, from its salt sol ed displacement re ment displaces a less aqucous salt solution, the S place is called chemical nt of metals in order of decre series of metals, Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Nickel Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold less reactive ution, Such a action, Sodium meta aluminate fe 3H, T Hydrogen gas Js Grade-8 | Metals and Non-metals ~ FHE SPOTLIGHT Hlydrogen ts included i ty Decreases ivity React eee Most reactive metal Least reactive metal asing reactivities is called reactivity y Observation amaz oak BeakerA cee Nitinol tS an material that remem The blue colour of copper sulphate solution changes to light green colour and reddish deposit of copper is formed on the surface of iron. The chemical reaction can be represented as: CuSO,(aq) + Fe(s) > FeSO,(aq) + Cu(s) Copper sulphate Iron Ironsulphate Copper The above reaction is a chemical displacement reaction in which a more reactive metal (iron) displaces less reactive metal (copper) from its salt solution (copper sulphate). The green colour of the solution is due to the formation of ferrous sulphate (iron sulphate). A BeakerB The blue colour of copper sulphate solution changes to colourless and a reddish deposit of copper is formed on the surface of zinc. The chemical reaction can be represented as: CuSO,(aq) + Zn(s) > ZnSO,(aq) + Cu(s) \\ Copper sulphate Zinc Zinc sulphate Copper The above reaction is a chemical displacement reaction in which more reactive metal(zinc) displaces a less reactive metal(copper) from its salt solution(copper sulphate). The solution becomes colourless because zinc sulphate solution forms a colourless solution. A BeakerC colourless solution and a grey deposit of iron is formed on = Gold and silver. ania Te The ligh l i i £ e light green colour ofiron sulphate solution changes to nw THE SPOTLIGHT | the surface of zinc. The chemical reaction can be represented as : are used in dentistry FeSO,(aq) + Zn(s)> ZnSO,aq) + Fe(s) | Almetoatacay Iron sulphate Zinc Zinc sulphate Iron The above reaction is a chemical displacement reaction in which a more active metal (zinc) displaces less active ‘metal (iron) from its salt solution (iron sulphate solution). The solution becomes colourless because zinc sulphate solution forms a colourless solution. A Beaker D No change in colour of iron sulphate takes place. No deposit is formed on the piece of copper. It is because copper is less reactive than iron in iron sulphate, and hence, no chemical displacement takes place. FeSO,(aq) + Cu(s) > — Noreaction Iron sulphate Copper ; NCI a Grade-8 | Metals and Non-metals ikes place. From the above observation it implies that no chemical reaction & A Beaker lf c ; ‘A mA. THE SPOTLIGHT | No change in colour of zine sulphate takes place and no (\ depositis formed on the piece of iron, Iron is the constituent ZnSO,(aq) 4 Fe(s) > No reaction of haemoglobin and aa magnesium is the Zine sulphate Iron constituent of chlorophyll, From this, itimplies that no chemical reaction takes place [tis because iron is less reactive than zine in zine sulphate, and hence, no chemical displacement takes place, Conclusion tal, followed by iron Furthermore, from the above re and copper, [tis because it can displace both iron and copper from the actions, itis clear that zine is the most reactive me irrespective salt solutions. 4. Usesof metals and non-metals + Uses ofcommon metals A Gold, silver and platinum are used in making jewellery, A Zine is used for galvanization of iron to protect it from rusting, A Tron is used in making machines, Iron in the form of steel is used for making utensils, Fig. 16 Light and strong metals such as Copperis used in making electrical wires, aluminium and titanium are used : in the International Space Stations, 4 Aluminium is used in cooking utensils, wrapping material, aeroplanes, ships, cars, overhead cables and in welding railway tracks, A Metals such as titanium, chromium, manganese, zirconium, ete, play an important role in the country's economy and defence, So, these metals are known as strategic metals, These metals and their alloys are used in atomic energy, space science projects, jet engines, high grade steels and defence equipment, Fig.17 Lustrous appearance of metals make them perfect for making jewellery, A Some metals play an important role in the functioning of living systems in animals and human beings, [ron is a constituent of haemoglobin in blood which carries oxygen, Magnesium is present in chlorophyll of green leaves, A Tinis used for soldering, tor preparing foils, for metal coatings to prevent chemical action and corrosion and to form panel lighting, ete, Fig. 18 Iron is used about nine times more than all the other metals pul together, Grade-8 | Metals and Non-metals & Lead is used in making water pipes, in pigments, batteries, in alloys, etc. 4 Mercury is used in thermometers. 4 Nickel and chromium are used for electroplating. * Some important uses of non-metals a Non-metal such as oxygen plays very important role in our daily life. 4 Sulphur is used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, matchboxes, gun powder, antiseptic skin ointments and in the rubber industry (for the vulcanization of rubber which makes rubber hard enough to be used in tyres). 4 Graphite is used as a dry lubricant in machine parts. Phosphorus is used in fertilizers to enhance the growth of plants and it is also used in crackers. 4 Chlorine tablet and bleaching powder are used in water purification process. 4 Hydrogen and oxygen can be used for cutting and welding metals as oxy-hydrogen flame. 4 Jodine(purple coloured solution) is used to prevent thyroid problems and is applied on wounds as 98 aye ; y P PP Fig. 19 Liquid nitrogen is used i ic (ti 2 of iodine). antiseptic (tincture ) in medical research to keep tissue samples frozen. , THE SPOTLIGHT } ay ) THE SPOTLIGHT | I 4 Hydrogen is used for making ammonia gas which is used to manufacture fertilisers, also used to convert vegetable oil into vegetable ghee. Liquid hydrogen is also used as arocket fuel. Carbon is used as a reducing agent in metallurgy. 4 Nitrogen is used in the manufacture of ammonia and fertilisers. It is also used as preservative due to its inert nature. Compounds of nitrogen are used as Fig.20 Silica gel used as a desiccant, — Cha Fics is made up of silicon and oxygen. A Silicon is used to make computer chips, silica gel is : used to absorb the moisture. 2 1. NaandK 2. Carbon in the form of graphite 3. Diamond Fig.21 Like us, fish can't live without oxygen. nace eee (onda @ | Matale and Non-metals