Properties of Elements PDF

Properties of Metals ● Good conductors of heat and electricity ● Shiny ● Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires) ● malleable (pounded into thin sheets) Properties of Nonmetals ● poor conductors of heat and electricity. ● Not ductile or malleable. ● brittle and break easily. ● Dull (not shiny) ● M...

Properties of Metals ● Good conductors of heat and electricity ● Shiny ● Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires) ● malleable (pounded into thin sheets) Properties of Nonmetals ● poor conductors of heat and electricity. ● Not ductile or malleable. ● brittle and break easily. ● Dull (not shiny) ● Many are gases Properties of Metalloids ● have properties of both metals and non-metals ● Can be shiny or dull ● Conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals ● Ductile and malleable Families on a periodic table ● have similar properties ● Same number of valence electrons ● Also known as groups ● Columns on the period table Periods on the Periodic Table ● Rows on the periodic tables ● Do not have similar properties Alkalai Metal: ● The first column (family/group) on the periodic table ● They are shiny, have the consistency of clay, and are easily cut with a knife. ● They are the most reactive metals. ● never found as free elements in nature ● They are always bonded with another element. Alkaline Earth Metals: ● Are the second column/group on the periodic table ● They are never found uncombined in nature Transition Metals: ● Are good conductors of heat and electricity ● The compounds of transition metals are usually brightly colored and are often used to color paints. Boron Family: ● named after the first element in the family (boron) ● This family includes the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust (aluminum). Carbon Family ● The column/group of the periodic table with carbon in it ● The element carbon is called the “basis of life.” ● There is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compounds called organic chemistry. Nitrogen Family: ● The column/group of the periodic table with nitrogen in it ● Nitrogen makes up 78% of our atmosphere Oxygen Family: ● The column/group of the periodic table with oxygen in it ● Oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust. ● It is extremely active and combines with almost all elements. Halogen Family: ● Second to last group on the periodic table ● They are the most active non-metals. ● They are never found free in nature. ● They react with alkali metals to form salts. Noble Gasses: ● Noble Gases are colorless gases that are extremely un-reactive. ● Don’t readily combine with other elements to form compounds, the noble gases are called inert. ● Found in small amounts in the earth's atmosphere.