Medical Terms Related to Respiratory System PDF

Medical Terms Related to Respiratory system Introduction to the Respiratory System Key Functions: Supplies oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide. Maintains the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Main Organs: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs....

Medical Terms Related to Respiratory system Introduction to the Respiratory System Key Functions: Supplies oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide. Maintains the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Main Organs: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs. Combining Forms in Respiratory Terminology Pulmon/o, Pneum/o, Pneumon/o: Refers to the lungs. Pulmonology: Study of lung diseases. Pneumonia: Infection causing inflammation of the lungs. Bronch/o, Bronchi/o: Refers to the bronchial tubes. Bronchoscopy: Visual examination of the bronchi. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi. Combining Forms in Respiratory Terminology Trache/o: Refers to the trachea (windpipe). Tracheotomy: Surgical opening into the trachea. Thorac/o: Refers to the chest. Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest. Prefixes in Respiratory Terminology Tachy-: Fast. Tachypnea: Rapid breathing. Brady-: Slow. Bradypnea: Slow breathing. Dys-: Difficult or painful. Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing. A- or An-: Absence of or without. Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing. Suffixes in Respiratory Terminology -pnea: Refers to breathing. Eupnea: Normal breathing. Hyperpnea: Increased rate and depth of breathing. -oxia: Refers to oxygen. Hypoxia: Low oxygen levels in the tissues. Anoxia: Absence of oxygen. -thorax: Refers to the chest cavity. Pneumothorax: Air in the chest cavity causing lung collapse. -itis: Refers to inflammation. Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. Common Respiratory Conditions Asthma: Chronic condition with airway inflammation and narrowing, causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Progressive lung disease obstructing airflow. Emphysema: A form of COPD causing damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs. Pneumonia: Infection leading to the inflammation of the alveoli. Tuberculosis (TB): Bacterial infection affecting the lungs Respiratory System Diagnostic Procedures Spirometry: Test to assess lung function and airflow by measuring the volume of air exhaled. Chest X-ray: Imaging technique used to examine the lungs and chest cavity. Bronchoscopy: Endoscopic technique to visualize the inside of the airways. Pulse Oximetry: Non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood. Medical Terminology Related to Respiratory Disorders Bronchiectasis: Chronic dilation of the bronchi. Pleurodynia: Pain in the pleura (lining of the lungs). Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood. Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing while lying down. Pleuritis: Inflammation of the pleura. Respiratory Treatments Inhalers: Devices used to deliver medication to the lungs for conditions like asthma and COPD. Nebulizer Therapy: Converts liquid medication into a mist for easier inhalation. Ventilation Support: Use of ventilators to assist or replace breathing.  Case study John presents to the clinic with difficulty breathing, persistent cough, and occasional chest tightness for the past two months. He also reports fatigue and shortness of breath, especially when climbing stairs or doing physical labor. History of Present Illness: John has experienced increasing dyspnea (difficulty breathing) over the last few months, especially during physical exertion. He has a chronic productive cough, often producing thick yellow sputum. He admits to smoking one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. He has experienced wheezing (whistling sounds when breathing) and tachypnea (rapid breathing) during episodes of shortness of breath. Case study Physical Examination: Respiratory Rate: 26 breaths per minute (tachypnea). Oxygen Saturation: 88% (hypoxia). Lung Auscultation: Wheezing and crackles heard in the lower lobes. Chest X-ray: Hyperinflated lungs with evidence of bronchiectasis and emphysema. Case study Diagnostic Procedures: Spirometry revealed a reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV1), confirming Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Pulse Oximetry showed low blood oxygen levels. Sputum Culture tested negative for infections, ruling out pneumonia. Diagnosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with coexisting chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Case study Treatment Plan: Smoking Cessation: John was referred to a smoking cessation program to help quit smoking and reduce further lung damage. Bronchodilators: Prescribed to help open airways and improve airflow. Inhaled Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation in the airways. Oxygen Therapy: To increase oxygen levels and alleviate hypoxia. Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Physical therapy and breathing exercises to improve lung function and stamina. Thank you