Questions and Answers
What does the root word 'adipo-' refer to?
Which medical root word indicates the structure related to the heart?
The root word 'gastro-' is associated with which part of the body?
What does 'cyt(o)-' refer to in medical terminology?
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Which medical root word means 'joint'?
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The root 'leuk(o)-' pertains to which type of cell?
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Which root word indicates a relation to bile?
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What does the root word 'ischo(o)-' refer to?
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The term 'melan(o)-' is associated with which color?
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Which root denotes the term referring to the study of aging?
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What does the root word 'hepat(o)-' refer to?
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The root 'my(o)-' is associated with which type of tissue?
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Which root denotes the presence of inflammation in the eyelid?
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What does the root 'brady-' mean?
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What does the prefix 'a-' or 'an-' signify in medical terminology?
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Which medical term includes the prefix that indicates something is excessive?
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What is the meaning of the prefix 'dys-' in medical terminology?
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The prefix 'hypo-' is used in medical terms to mean what?
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Which term utilizes the prefix 'inter-' to describe a location?
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What does the prefix 'macro-' indicate in a medical term?
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In medical terminology, what does the prefix 'uni-' signify?
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What is the correct meaning of the prefix 'neo-'?
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Which prefix indicates 'both' in medical terminology?
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The prefix 'pseudo-' implies what in a medical context?
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What does the prefix 'peri-' mean in medical terminology?
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Which medical term uses the prefix 'trans-' to indicate movement?
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In which term does the prefix 'ab-' signify movement?
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What is the meaning of the prefix 're-' in medical terminology?
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What does the root 'nephr(o)-' refer to in medical terminology?
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Which medical root word refers to the ear?
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The suffix '-itis' generally indicates which of the following conditions?
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Which root word would be used to indicate a condition related to the pharynx?
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What is the meaning of the root 'onc(o)-'?
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What does the root 'thorac(o)-' specifically refer to?
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Which medical root word is associated with the study of children?
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The root 'sarc(o)-' is associated with which type of tissue?
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Which of the following roots signifies the concept of fast or rapid?
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What does 'vas(o)-' pertain to in medical terminology?
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What condition does the root 'plasm(o)-' relate to?
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Which root refers to a process concerning the mind?
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In medical terminology, what does 'myel(o)-' refer to?
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Which of the following roots is associated with the act of breathing?
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Study Notes
Medical Terms Overview
- Medical terms are structured with a prefix (beginning), root (middle), and suffix (end).
- Example: "Preschooler" - "Pre" (before), "school" (a place for teaching), "er" (a person).
A – Medical Prefixes
- a-, an-: without (e.g., anuria - lack of urine output)
- ab-: away from (e.g., abnormal - structure not normal)
- ad-: toward, near (e.g., adrenal glands - above kidneys)
- ambi-: both sides (e.g., ambidextrous - using both hands)
- ante-: before, forward (e.g., antepartum - before labor)
- anti-: against (e.g., antidote - counters toxicity)
- apo-: off, away from (e.g., apophysis - growth or protuberance)
- auto-: self (e.g., autograft - transplant using person's tissue)
B & C – Medical Prefixes
- bi-: two, both (e.g., bilateral - both sides)
- cata-: downwards (e.g., catabolism - breakdown of chemicals)
- con-: with, together (e.g., congenital - present at birth)
D – Medical Prefixes
- de-: without (e.g., depigmentation - lack of pigment)
- diplo-: double (e.g., diplopia - double vision)
- dys-: painful, difficult (e.g., dyspnoea - difficulty breathing)
E – Medical Prefixes
- ec-, ecto-: out, outside (e.g., ectoderm - outer layer of embryo)
- endo-: within, inside (e.g., endoscopy - internal examination)
- epi-: above (e.g., epigastric - above stomach)
- eu-: normal (e.g., euthyroid - normal thyroid function)
- ex-: outwards (e.g., exostosis - outward projecting bone)
- extra-: outside of (e.g., extrapleural - outside pleural cavity)
H – Medical Prefixes
- hemi-: half (e.g., hemiplegia - paralysis on one side)
- hetero-: different (e.g., heterograft - transplant from another species)
- homo-: same (e.g., homoplasty - surgery with similar tissues)
- hyper-: excessive (e.g., hyperplasia - increased cell number)
- hypo-: deficient (e.g., hypotension - low blood pressure)
I – Medical Prefixes
- in-: inward, not (e.g., inhalation - breathe in, infertility - not fertile)
- infra-: beneath (e.g., infra-axillary - below axilla)
- inter-: between (e.g., intervertebral - between vertebrae)
- intra-: within (e.g., intramuscular - into the muscle)
J – Medical Prefix
- juxta-: near (e.g., juxta-articular - near a joint)
M – Medical Prefixes
- macro-: large (e.g., macroglossia - abnormally large tongue)
- mal-: bad, abnormal (e.g., malformation - abnormal shape)
- mega-: great, large (e.g., megacolon - enlarged colon)
- meta-: change, beyond (e.g., metastasis - spreading of disease)
- micro-: small (e.g., microtia - small ears)
- mono-: one (e.g., monochromatic - one color)
- multi-: many (e.g., multigravida - multiple pregnancies)
N – Medical Prefixes
- neo-: new (e.g., neonatal - first month of life)
- nulli-: none (e.g., nullipara - never born a child)
O – Medical Prefix
- olig(o)-: scanty, little (e.g., oliguria - low urine excretion)
P – Medical Prefixes
- pan-: all (e.g., panacea - cures all)
- par(a)-: beside, abnormal (e.g., paranasal - beside the nose)
- per-: through (e.g., percutaneous - through the skin)
- peri-: surrounding (e.g., periosteum - surrounding bone)
- pico-: one-trillionth (e.g., picornavirus - small virus)
- poly-: many (e.g., polyuria - excessive urine production)
- post-: after (e.g., postpartum - after childbirth)
- pre-: before (e.g., precancer - potentially cancerous)
- pseudo-: false (e.g., pseudocyesis - false pregnancy)
Q – Medical Prefix
- quadri-: four (e.g., quadriplegia - paralysis of all four limbs)
R – Medical Prefixes
- re-: again (e.g., reinfection - return of infection)
- retr(o)-: backward, behind (e.g., retroperitoneal - behind peritoneum)
S – Medical Prefixes
- semi-: partial, half (e.g., semicomatose - half conscious)
- sub-: under, less than (e.g., subcutaneous - under skin)
- super-: above (e.g., supercilia - eyebrow)
- supra-: above, upon (e.g., suprarenal - above kidneys)
- syn-: with, together (e.g., syndrome - group of symptoms)
T – Medical Prefixes
- tetra-: four (e.g., tetraplegia - paralysis of four limbs)
- trans-: through, across (e.g., transdermal - through the skin)
U – Medical Prefixes
- un-: not (e.g., unconscious - not conscious)
- uni-: one (e.g., unilateral - one side affected)
Medical Root Words
- Roots form the foundation of medical terms and provide general meaning. They originate from various languages.
A – Medical Roots
- abdomin(o)-: abdomen (e.g., abdominoscopy - internal examination)
- acou-: hearing (e.g., acoustics - science of sound)
- acr(o)-: extremity, peak (e.g., acrocyanosis - blue extremities)
- aden(o)-: gland (e.g., adenocarcinoma - malignant tumor in a gland)
- adipo-: fat (e.g., adiposis - excess fat accumulation)
B – Medical Roots
- bili: bile (e.g., biliuria - bile in urine)
- bi(o)-: life (e.g., biocide - kills living organisms)
- blast-: embryonic (e.g., blastocyst - early development stage)
- blephar(o)-: eyelid (e.g., blepharitis - eyelid inflammation)
C – Medical Roots
- calc(i)-: heel (e.g., calcaneus - heel bone)
- carcin(o)-: cancer (e.g., carcinogen - cancer-causing substance)
- cardi(o)-: heart (e.g., cardiopathy - heart disease)
- cephal(o)-: head (e.g., cephalalgia - headache)
- cerebr(o)-: cerebrum (e.g., cerebrospinal - brain and spinal cord)
D – Medical Roots
- derm- or -derm: skin (e.g., dermatitis - skin inflammation)
- dors(i)(o)-: back (e.g., dorsum - back of body)
E – Medical Roots
- encephal(o)-: brain (e.g., encephaloma - brain tumor)
- enter(o)-: intestine (e.g., enterocolitis - inflammation of intestines)
- erythr(o)-: red (e.g., erythrocytes - red blood cells)
F – Medical Roots
- fasci-: bundle (e.g., fasciae - muscle fiber bundles)
- febri-: fever (e.g., febrile - related to fever)
G – Medical Roots
- galact(o)-: milk (e.g., galactorrhoea - excessive milk production)
- gastro-: stomach (e.g., gastritis - stomach inflammation)
H – Medical Roots
- haeme(a)(o)-: blood (e.g., haematology - study of blood)
- hepat(o)-: liver (e.g., hepatitis - liver inflammation)
- hist(i)(o)-: tissue (e.g., histogenesis - tissue development)
I – Medical Roots
- ile(o)-: ileum (e.g### Medical Root Words
A - G
- myc(o)-: Refers to fungus; example includes myxoma, a benign tumor of mucous tissue.
- myel(o)-: Relates to bone marrow; myelocyte is a cell in bone marrow that develops into a granulocyte.
- nas(o)-: Pertains to the nose; nasosinusitis is a condition where both the nose and sinuses swell.
- nephr(o)-: Associated with the kidney; nephrolithiasis refers to stone formation in the kidney.
- neur(o)-: Connected to nerves or the nervous system; neurohormone is produced in nerve cells and secreted at nerve endings.
H - O
- ocul(o)-: Relates to the eye; oculoplethysmography measures pressure inside the eyeball.
- onc(o)-: Refers to tumors, specifically malignant; oncogene is a part of the genetic system that promotes cancerous tumors.
- ophthalm(o)-: Also means eye; ophthalmoplegia refers to paralysis of eye muscles.
- orchi(o)-: Associated with testes; orchitis is inflammation characterized by pain and swelling.
- oro-: Pertains to the mouth; oropharynx is a part below the soft palate.
- oste(o)-: Refers to bone; osteitis is inflammation of bone due to injury or infection.
- ot(o)-: Relates to the ear; otorrhoea is pus discharge from the ear.
P - T
- paed- or ped(o)-: Pertains to children; paediatrics is the study of children's development and diseases.
- path(o)-: Related to disease; pathogen is a microorganism causing illness.
- pharmaco-: Concerns drugs; pharmacokinetics studies how the body processes drugs over time.
- pharyng(o)-: Refers to the pharynx; pharyngitis denotes sore throat.
- phleb(o)-: Associated with veins; phlebolith is a calcified stone in a vein.
- phot(o)-: Pertains to light; photopsia is seeing flashes of light.
- plasm(o)-: Refers to the liquid part of blood; plasminogen is activated to form plasmin.
- pleur(o)-: Related to the pleura; pleurisy is pleural inflammation.
- pneum(o)-: Pertains to lungs; pneumonia is lung inflammation fill with fluid.
- pod(o)-: Refers to feet; podiatry studies foot disorders.
- proct(o)-: Related to the anus/rectum; proctoclysis involves fluid introduction into the rectum.
- psych(o)-: Indicates mind; psychiatry involves mental disorder treatment.
- pyel(o)-: Pertains to the kidney pelvis; pyelotomy is a surgical operation on the kidney.
- pyr(o)-: Refers to burning or fever; pyrogen is a substance causing fever.
R - U
- ren(o)-: Associated with the kidney; renography examines the kidney using radioactive substances.
- rhin(o)-: Refers to the nose; rhinoplasty is surgical correction of the nose.
- sarc(o)-: Pertains to flesh; sarcoma is a malignant connective tissue tumor.
- scler(o)-: Refers to hard tissue; scleroma is a hard patch on skin or mucous membranes.
- soma- or somat(o)-: Associated with body; somatization manifests psychiatric conditions via physical symptoms.
- sten(o)-: Refers to narrow passages; stenosis signifies narrowing of a passage.
- tachy-: Pertains to speed; tachyarrhythmia indicates a fast irregular heartbeat.
- therm(o)-: Relates to heat; thermoanaesthesia is an inability to distinguish temperature changes.
- thorac(o)-: Concerns the chest; thoracotomy involves removing ribs surgically.
- thromb(o)-: Refers to clots; thromboangiitis involves blood vessel inflammation with clots.
- trache(o)-: Pertains to the trachea; tracheobronchitis is inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.
- ur(o)-: Relates to urinary or urine; urochesia is urine passing through the rectum due to urinary system injury.
V
- vas(o)-: Pertains to vessels; vasopressor increases blood pressure by narrowing vessels.
- ven(i)(o)-: Relates to veins; venoclysis introduces fluids into veins.
- vesic(o)-: Indicates bladder; vesicospinal pertains to bladder and spinal connections.
Suffixes in Medical Terminology
- Suffixes enhance or modify meanings of root words, adding specificity to medical terminology.
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Test your knowledge of medical prefixes with this quiz! Learn about the meanings and examples of various prefixes and how they apply to medical terminology. Perfect for students in the healthcare field or anyone interested in medical language.