Taber's Medical Dictionary (23rd Edition) PDF

Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:35AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 1 # 1 Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:35AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 2 # 2 Editor Donald Venes, M.D., M.S.J., F.A.C.P. Managing Editor Brigitte G. Fenton Associate Editor Joseph Patwell Copy Editors Evelyn Adler Victoria C.S. Fenton Kathleen McCullough Linda van Pelt Proofreaders Progressive Publishing Services Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:35AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 3 # 3 23 Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/02/2016 07:27AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 4 # 1 Copyright 娀 2017 by F.A. Davis Company Copyright 1940, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2013 by F.A. Davis. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. PRINTED IN CHINA Last digit indicates print number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NOTE: As new scientiﬁc information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies un- dergo changes. The author and publisher have done everything possible to make Taber’s accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted stan- dards at the time of publication. The author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from appli- cation of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each sit- uation. The reader is advised always to check product information (pack- age inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contra- indications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data ISBN 978-0-8036-5904-9 (indexed : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8036-5905- 6 (deluxe : alk. paper) ISSN 1065-1357 Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/27/2016 09:33AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 5 # 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO EDITION 23...................................... vi CONSULTANTS............................................................... viii REVIEWERS.................................................................... ix TABER’S FEATURE FINDER............................................. x FEATURES AND THEIR USE............................................ xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................ xv ILLUSTRATION SOURCES............................................... xxiii LIST OF TABLES............................................................. xxv ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT..................................... xxix VOCABULARY................................................................. 1 APPENDICES.................................................................. 2557 v Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/03/2016 08:34AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 6 # 1 INTRODUCTION TO EDITION 23 The last several years have been heady, and at times bewildering, for health care professionals. We have witnessed revolutions in our ability to provide care for previously unmanageable diseases, like chronic hep- atitis C, only to uncover new arthropod-borne infections, like Chikun- gunya and Zika virus-associated illnesses. We have disseminated care standards to combat iatrogenesis (not just within hospitals, but nation- ally and internationally), and then realized that some recent shibboleths (like providing opioids for chronic pain relief) have produced tragically increased death rates. Prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, and obesity have reached epidemic proportions even as our understanding of healthful nu- trition and physical ﬁtness has reached new heights. We repeatedly cre- ate new solutions to health care delivery shortcomings, only to discover that the costs of providing diagnostic studies, medicines, and invasive procedures puts many medical services out of economic reach for individ- uals, communities, and nations. We strive to improve public health, only to ﬁnd that lead contaminates the water supply of many cities. More than ever we’ve grown to recognize that health care must become more efﬁ- cient, more effective, more rational, and, at the same time, more caring and personal. The 23rd edition of Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary has been edited and written to help students of health care, as well as seasoned professionals, master the ever-evolving art and science of caring, and communicate to each other and our patients with clarity and precision. Our editorial staff has made thousands of revisions to our previous edi- tion, and added thousands of the most important new terms that have entered our understanding in the last few years; always, of course, to bring meanings to life. It gives me pleasure to acknowledge the many individuals who have contributed directly or indirectly to this new edition of Taber’s: Robert Craven, Jr., Brigitte Fenton, Joseph Patwell, and Alison Enright; Taber’s content and consulting editors; the many readers who have written us with suggestions; and the following students and educators to whom I owe personal debts of gratitude: Dustin Jones-Phillips, Kennedy Sund- berg, Clark Embleton, Eve Cunningham Sepulveda, Homero Sepulveda, Brandyn Webb, Jeremy Ota, Stephen Snyder, Jenifer Marshall Lippin- cott, Robert Lippincott, John Roberts, Jennifer Roberts, Thomas Kinane, Ruth Kinane, Julian Parrino, Phillip Weinstein, George Beller, Tayeb Al- Hafez, Lara Bovilsky, Louise Bishop, Habib Khan, Douglas Wickman, Katherine Buddenberg, Bill Ehrhart, Mindy Amarante, Jamie Buth, Vic- tor Marans, Anne Hayton, Hugh Osborn, Laura Goldfarb, Eikeem Bar- ron, John Rudoff, Donna Jacobsen, Jorge Ponte-Fissgus, Thomas Marti- nelli, Terry Morrow, Richard and Charlotte Barnhart, Eldon Gossett, Neal Rendleman, Jon Stout, Kelly Chin, Janet Reed, and Robert Ashley. vi Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 7 # 7 But my greatest thanks are due my wife, April D. Venes, who is both a health care educator, and a loving spouse and formidable friend. With- out April’s support, this edition of Taber’s would never have been possible. Donald Venes, M.D., M.S.J., F.A.C.P. Brookings, Oregon vii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 8 # 8 CONSULTANTS Renee E. Amori, MD, FACE Douglas J. Gould, PhD Angela K. Keir, PTA, MHA Marjorie Simon, RN (Canada) viii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 9 # 9 REVIEWERS Deborah S. Adelman, PhD, RN, NE-BC Kathleen G. Bailey, CPA, MBA, CPC, CPC-I, CCS-P Jo Ann Baker, DNP, MSN, RN, FNP-C Cynthia A. Bloss Nancy E. Brauhn, PhD, RN Logan D. Hansen, CMA Riedetta M. McCreary, EdD, RMA, RRT-NPS Brenda Orazietti, BScN, CNCC(C), MEd Susan L. Moore Russell, BSN, MSN, EdD Mindy Wray, CMA (Material supplied by the consultants and reviewers has been reviewed and edited by Donald Venes, MD, MSJ, editor, with whom ﬁnal respon- sibility rests for the accuracy of the content.) ix Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 10 # 10 DavisPlus MULTI-MEDIA CONTENT adrenocortical hormone. VOCABULARY CROSS adrenal crisis. REFERENCE bolded headword for easy locating x Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/03/2016 08:34AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 11 # 1 FEATURES AND THEIR USE This section describes the major features found in Taber’s and provides information that may help you use the dictionary more efﬁciently. The Feature Finder on page x is a graphic representation of many of the fea- tures described below. 1. DavisPlus Premium Resources online at www.DavisPlus.com feature a wealth of interactive, multimedia resources for nursing, allied health, and medical students and professionals. Use the pro- motional code on the ﬁrst page of the book to access the DavisPlus resources. Explore through Sight & Sound features over 1,200 images (465 unique to DavisPlus) with short deﬁnitions and audio pronun- ciations that enhance the learning experience. The corresponding im- ages, animations, or videos are indicated by the icon. Taber’s Audio provides pronunciations for almost 32,000 terms found in Taber’s. Bonus Appendices include valuable educational and clinical health care resources, tools, and reference materials. Taber’s Online, powered by Unbound Medicine offers FREE, one-year access to all of the Taber’s content online. Use the promotional code on the inside front cover to activate your subscrip- tion. 2. Vocabulary: The extensive vocabulary deﬁned in Taber’s has been updated to meet the ongoing needs of health care students, educators, and clinicians, as well as interested consumers. The medical editor, nursing editor, and the nursing and allied health consulting editors and consultants have researched and written new entries, revised existing entries, and deleted obsolete ones, reﬂecting the many changes in health care technology, clinical practice, and patient care. American, rather than British, spellings are preferred. 3. Entry Placement: Taber’s combines two systems for the placement and organization of entries: (a) main entries in strict alphabetical order; and (b) a main entry– subentry format. All single-word terms (e.g., cell) are main entries, as are some compound, or multiple word, terms, e.g., acid-reflux disorder; nucleic acid test. However, many compound terms, especially those in anatomy and physiology, are treated as subentries and are placed using the main entry– sub- entry format, e.g., arteries, veins, ligaments, and types of respiration. Entries having a considerable number of subentries are tinted in a yellow background for ease in ﬁnding them. This melding of two sys- tems combines the best features of both: compound terms that share an important common element or classiﬁcation, e.g., arteries, are subentries under the main entry (or headword). Terms that tend to xi Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/28/2016 03:12PM Plate # 0-Composite pg 12 # 1 be sought under the ﬁrst word, e.g., diseases, disorders, tests, and syndromes, appear as main entries under the ﬁrst word. Also names of individuals and organizations are listed as main entries. All main entries are printed in bold type; subentries are indented under the main entry and are printed in bold italic type. All entries are listed and deﬁned in the singular whenever possible. 4. Alphabetization: Main entries are alphabetized letter by letter, regardless of spaces or hyphens that occur between the words; a comma marks the end of a main entry for alphabetical purposes, e.g., skin, tenting of precedes skin cancer. Subentries are listed in straight-ahead order following the same letter-by-letter alphabetization used for main entries; a comma marks the end of a subentry for alphabetical purposes. The headword is often abbreviated in subentries (such as preterm l. under labor or pulmonary i. under infarction). 5. Eponyms: Included as main entries are the names of individuals who were the ﬁrst to discover, describe, or popularize a concept, a microorganism, a disease, a syndrome, or an anatomical structure. A brief biography appears in brackets after the pronunciation. Bio- graphical information includes the person’s professional designation, the country in which the person was born or worked, and the date of birth and death if known. 6. Pronunciations: Most main entries are spelled phonetically. Such spellings appear within parentheses after the boldface main entry and are given as simply as possible. The vowel a stands for the sounds in at, ant, or care; the vowel e for the sound in bed or set; i as in it or hid; o as in got, god, or lawn; u as in foot or put. Taber’s also uses two diacritics, or marks over vowels. The macron ¯ shows the long sound of vowels, as the a in mate, the e in meet, the i in might, the o in mote, and the u in mute. The breve ˘ shows the short, obscure vowel, called schwa, which is pronounced like the a in sofa, the e in butter, the i in maudlin the o in senator, and the u in up. The letter combi- nations oo are pronounced as in food, ow as in now, ch as in chin, sh as in shin, th as in thin or then, and zh as in vision. Accents are marks used to indicate stress upon certain syllables. A single accent ⬘ marks the primary accent. A double accent ⬙ marks a secondary accent. Both kinds of stress can be seen in an⬙ĕs-thē⬘zhă. Syllables are separated by either an accent mark or a hyphen. 7. Singular/Plural forms: When the spelling of an entry’s singular or plural form is a nonstandard formation, e.g., villus pl. villi, or vis- cera sing. viscus, the spelling of the singular or plural form appears in boldface after the pronunciation for the main entry. Nonstandard singular and plural forms appear as entries themselves at their nor- mal alphabetical positions. 8. Etymologies: An etymology indicates the origin and historical de- velopment of a term. For most health care terms the origin is Latin or Greek. An etymology is given for most main entries and appears in brackets following the pronunciation. 9. Abbreviations: Standard abbreviations for entries are included with the deﬁnition, and many are also listed alphabetically as sepa- xii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/02/2016 02:38PM Plate # 0-Composite pg 13 # 1 rate entries throughout the text. Additional abbreviations used for charting and prescription writing are listed in the Appendices. A list of nonmedical abbreviations used in text appears on page xxix. 10. Encyclopedic entries: Detailed, comprehensive information is in- cluded with entries that require additional coverage because of their importance or complexity. Often this information is organized into several sections, each with its own subheading. The most frequently used subheadings are Causes, Symptoms and Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Care. 11. Patient Care: Patient Care sections provide information for the health care worker in clinical situations. These sections have proven invaluable to health care professionals by providing patient teaching and wellness information. There are now more than 800 Patient Care sections in Taber’s. 12. Illustrations: This edition of Taber’s includes 800 illustrations in the print. In addition, there are over 400 additional, ancillary illus- trations in the electronic versions of this edition. The existence of each of these ancillary illustrations in DavisPlus is indicated by placement of the icon ( ) next to the entry with which the illustra- tion is associated. The images were carefully chosen to complement the text of the entries with which they are associated. Each illustra- tion is cross-referenced from its associated entry. A complete list of illustrations begins on page xv. 13. Tables: This edition contains over 150 color-screened tables located appropriately throughout the Vocabulary section. A complete list of tables begins on page xxv. 14. Adjectives: The adjectival forms of many noun main entries appear at the end of the deﬁnition of the noun form or, if the entry is long, at the end of the ﬁrst paragraph. Pronunciations for most of the ad- jectival forms are included. Many common adjectives appear as main entries themselves. 15. Caution/Safety statements: This notation is used to draw particular attention to information that may affect the health and/or safety of patients or the professionals who treat them. The infor- mation is of more than routine interest and should be considered when delivering health care. These statements are further emphasized by col- ored rules above and below the text. 16. Synonyms: Synonyms are listed at the end of the entry or, in en- cyclopedic entries, at the end of the ﬁrst paragraph. The abbreviation SYN: precedes the synonymous term(s). Terms listed as synonyms have their own entries in the Vocabulary, which generally carry a cross-reference to the entry at which the deﬁnition appears. 17. Cross-references: Illustrations, tables, appendices, or other rele- vant vocabulary entries may be given as cross-references. These are indicated by SEE: or SEE: under followed by the name(s) of the ap- propriate element(s) in italics. Cross-references to the Nursing Di- agnoses Appendix are highlighted in color at the end of the entry as SEE: Nursing Diagnoses Appendix. Entries at which an illustration appears carry the color-highlighted SEE: illus. When a SEE: refers xiii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 14 # 14 to subentry, the main entry will appear in boldface, for easy refer- ence, e.g., SEE: temporal line, where “line” is the main entry. 18. Bonus Appendices: The Appendices contain detailed information that can be organized or presented more easily in one section rather than interspersed throughout the Vocabulary. There are over 20 bo- nus appendices available on the DavisPlus site. 19. Nursing Diagnoses Appendix: This appendix has been updated through the 2015– 2017 Conference of NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International). It is divided into sev- eral sections, including two lists of NANDA-I’s nursing diagnoses or- ganized into Doenges, Murr and Moorhouse’s Diagnostic Divisions; an at-a-glance look at the most recent diagnoses approved by NANDA-I; nursing diagnoses commonly associated with almost 300 diseases/disorders (cross-referenced from the body of the dictionary); and a complete description of all NANDA-I approved diagnoses through the 2015– 2017 conference in alphabetical order. Included are the diagnostic division, deﬁnition, related factors, and deﬁning characteristics for each nursing diagnosis. xiv Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 15 # 15 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illustrations are listed according to the main entry or subentry that they accompany. Information in parentheses indicates the source of the illus- tration; a list of sources appears at the end of this list. Bonus multimedia content (illustrations and videos) can be found in DavisPlus. ABCD’s of melanoma, 2 Major branches of aorta and vena Abrasion (Venes), 6 cavae (Lippert), 156 Abruptio placentae (Holloway), 7 Reﬂex arc for patellar tendon reﬂex Antecubital abscess (Venes), 8 (Hurst), 169 Visual accommodation (Scanlon), 18 Arcus senilis (Venes), 170 Acetabulum of right hip bone Muscles of the arm, 173 (female) (Scanlon), 20 Systemic arteries, 177 Nucleic acid DNA and RNA Aortic arteries (Thompson), 178 (Scanlon), 26 Structure of an artery Clump of uric acid crystals (⫻400) (Thompson), 178 (Strasinger), 28 Brachial artery, 180 Cystic acne (Barankin), 32 Coronary arteries, 181 Acne papulosa, 33 Rheumatoid arthritis (Gylys), 189 Acrochordon (Venes), 34 Arthrocentesis, 192 Acromioclavicular traction test Arthroscopy of knee, 193 (Starkey), 35 Abdominal girth caused by massive Nasopharyngeal airway ascites (Venes), 196 (Wilkinson), 71 Astrocytes (Scanlon), 206 Oropharyngeal airway Autonomic nervous system, 224 (Wilkinson), 72 Avulsed ﬁngertip (Venes), 228 Allen test (Starkey), 81 Bacteria shapes and structures Alopecia areata of scalp (Eagle), 235 (Barankin), 86 Balantidium coli cyst (⫻400) Alopecia capitis totalis (Leventhal), 238 (Barankin), 87 Male pattern baldness Alveolus of lungs (Gylys), 89 (Barankin), 238 Amniocentesis (Gylys), 101 Applying bandages (Wilkinson), 241 Anatomic snuffbox (Venes), 113 Baroreceptor (Thompson), 245 Aplastic anemia (⫻200) Basal temperature chart, 248 (Harmening), 116 Bell palsy (Venes), 256 Epidural anesthesia Biceps brachii (Lippert), 261 (Wilkinson), 120 Fine needle breast biopsy Injection of spinal anesthesia (Williams), 267 (Williams), 121 Blanch test (Venes), 276 Aortic aneurysms (Gylys), 123 Test for color blindness (Eagle), 281 Angina pectoris, 124 Blood blister (Venes), 282 Coronary angiography (Venes), 127 Blood composition (Gylys), 285 Intravenous ﬂuorescein angiogram Types of blood cells (Chung), 128 (Harmening), 285 Arterial balloon angioplasty ABO blood types (Eagle), 288 (Gylys), 130 Blood pressure (Wilkinson), 289 Anthrax (CDC), 138 Transfer board (Wilkinson), 292 Antibody (Scanlon), 141 Boil (Venes), 295 Anticoagulation (Venes), 144 Parts of a long bone (Hurst), 296 Main parts of aorta (Lippert), 156 Hyoid bone, 297 xv Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 16 # 16 Brachialis (Lippert), 303 Cerebrum (Gylys), 432 Major arteries of the brain Typical chancre of primary syphilis (Scanlon), 306 (Barankin), 439 Brain structures (Gylys), 306 Chancroid (CDC), 440 Brainstem, 307 Chloasma gravidarum (Ward), 456 Breast (Gylys), 307 Chloracne (Venes), 456 Breast cancer, 309 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy scars Breast self-examination (Venes), 459 (Holloway), 313 Circulation of blood through heart Bridging (Kisner), 314 and major vessels (Eagle), 480 Broncheal tree (Thompson), 322 Fetal circulation (Gylys), 481 Buffy coat (Eagle), 326 Pulmonary circulation (Eagle), 482 Bullae of impetigo (Barankin), 327 Systemic circulation Second degree burn (Venes), 330 (Thompson), 482 Burns (Gylys), 330 Ascites caused by cirrhosis Blistered partial thickness thermal (Venes), 484 burn (Williams), 332 Cladosporium (CDC), 487 Prepatellar bursitis (Venes), 333 Fingernail clubbing (Eagle), 495 Coronary artery bypass Structures of the cochlea (Williams), 335 (Hurst), 502 Classic dihydrate calcium oxalate Philadelphia collar (Venes), 511 crystals (⫻400) (Strasinger), 341 Colon and rectum, 514 Callus (Venes), 344 Colon (Venes), 514 Anal canal, 347 Colostomy sites, 516 Cancer (Strasinger), 351 Vertebral column (Wilkinson), 519 Lung cancer (Kintz), 357 Comedones (Barankin), 522 Candidiasis (Barankin), 362 Condom use and HIV risk Needleless cannulae (CDC), 536 (Wilkinson), 363 Female condom (Hawkins), 536 Lymphatic capillary (Gylys), 366 Conduction system of the heart Caput medusae (Venes), 369 (Gylys), 537 Basal cell carcinoma Contracture of the right hand (Barankin), 375 (Venes), 553 Squamous cell carcinoma Umbilical cord, 559 (Venes), 376 Normal and diseased coronary Cardiomyopathies (Williams), 378 arteries, 561 Cardioversion (Venes), 381 Renal corpuscle (Thompson), 564 Carina of the trachea (Owens), 388 Organ of corti (Scanlon), 566 Decorated cast (Venes), 393 Cotton test (Starkey), 569 Cataract (Chung), 396 Craniometric points, 577 Types of catheters (Wilkinson), 399 Craniotomy (Venes), 578 Central venous catheter Simian crease (Ward), 579 (Wilkinson), 399 Crown-rump (Venes), 586 Suprapubic catheter (Venes), 401 Cryogenic applications equipment Catheterization of urinary bladder (Venes), 588 (Wilkinson), 403 Cryotherapy (Venes), 589 Cavities of the body (Gylys), 406 Phases of the menstrual cycle Nasal cavity, 407 (Eagle), 602 Thoracic cavity (Chambers), 408 Follicular cyst (Venes), 605 Common components and organelles Dehydration resulting from sweating of human cells (Hurst), 411 (Thompson), 632 Helmet cells (Harmening), 415 Dendrites, 639 Mast cell (Harmening), 416 Dentition, 646 Cellulitis (Venes), 421 Actinic dermatitis (Venes), 652 Micturition center (Thompson), 424 Atopic dermatitis (Barankin), 652 xvi Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 17 # 17 Contact dermatitis (Barankin), 652 Endocrine (hormonal) Stasis dermatitis (Barankin), 653 communication (Thompson), 803 Dermatoﬁbroma (Barankin), 653 Sites of occurrence of endometriosis Dermatome, 654 (Eagle), 805 Dermatomyositis (Barankin), 654 Cuffed endotracheal tube, 810 Dermographism (Barankin), 655 Ependyma (Scanlon), 823 Desquamation of the skin Epididymis, 826 (Venes), 657 Epiglottis (Scanlon), 827 Abduction device (Williams), 660 Glandular epithelium (⫻430) Well-controlled diabetes mellitus (Thompson), 833 (Venes), 666 Drug eruption (Venes), 840 Diapedesis (Thompson), 671 Erysipelas (Barankin), 841 Contraceptive diaphragm, 672 Erythema annulare (Venes), 841 Movement of rib cage and Erythema multiforme diaphragm during respiration (Barankin), 842 (Gylys), 672 Erythrocytes (Harmening), 843 Diffusion of respiratory gases, 682 Erythroderma (Barankin), 844 The digestive system (Gylys), 684 Eschar (Venes), 846 Diphyllobothrium latum, 689 Esophagus, 850 Intercalated disk (Scanlon), 701 Foreign body in esophagus Diverticulosis, seen endoscopically (Venes), 850 (Venes), 710 Pelvic exam with speculum Diverticula of the colon (Gylys), 710 (Williams), 860 Uniform donor card, 714 Wide and deep excision of skin and Postural drainage of lungs subcutaneous tissues (Venes), 861 (White), 721 Isometric exercise (Kisner), 863 Drop arm test (Starkey), 724 Range-of-motion exercises, 865 Bile ducts, 730 External ﬁxation of fractures of the Drainage areas for lymphatic ducts tibia and ﬁbula, 872 (Thompson), 731 Extraocular eye muscles Dupuytren contracture (Kozol), 734 (Dillon), 874 Structure of the ear (Gylys), 749 Extravasation (Venes), 875 Structure of the inner ear Anatomy of the eye (Gylys), 877 (Scanlon), 749 Muscles of face and scalp, 881 Traumatic ecchymosis (Venes), 751 Fasciola hepatica egg Echinococcus granulosus cysts (Leventhal), 899 (Leventhal), 752 Fasciolopsis buski egg Transesophageal (Leventhal), 899 echocardiography, 752 Right femur (Gylys), 907 Nummular eczema (Barankin), 758 Fertilization (Hurst), 909 Edema (Venes), 758 Fibromyalgia (Eagle), 926 Pitting edema (Venes), 759 Visual ﬁeld, 930 Elbow joint (Thompson), 773 Fingerprint, 933 Table of elements in the body Flatfoot (Venes), 938 (Thompson), 777 Flow of cerebrospinal ﬂuid through Pulmonary embolism the brain and spinal column (Williams), 782 (Strassinger), 943 Stages of development of human Fontanels of infant skull embryo including mature fetus (Ward), 952 (Eagle), 784 Bones of foot and ankle Embryoscopy, 785 (Thompson), 955 Emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia Athlete’s foot (Venes), 955 (Scanlon), 790 High Fowler position Osler nodes as seen in ineffective (Williams), 964 endocarditis (Williams), 801 Foxglove (Venes), 965 xvii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 18 # 18 Types of fractures (Gylys), 967 Representative helminths Traction applied to a fracture of the (Scanlon), 1089 lower extremity (Wilkinson), 968 Hemangioma beneath the right eye Fracture of the humerus (Venes), 1089 (Strauss), 970 Hemochromatosis Fundus of the uterus (Harmening), 1096 (Chapman), 981 Hemocytoblast (stem cell) and blood Fungi (Scanlon), 982 cells (Scanlon), 1097 Gallstones (Eickhoff), 986 Hemoglobin A molecule Ganglion cyst (Venes), 988 (Harmening), 1100 Gangrene (Venes), 990 Hemorrhoid, 1110 Gastrostomy button (Venes), 998 Henoch-Schönlein purpura Autosomal dominant inheritance (Venes), 1112 (Thompson), 1001 Common locations of hernias Autosomal recessive inheritance (Gylys), 1120 (Thompson), 1001 Abdominal wall hernia Female genital organs (Gylys), 1005 (Venes), 1120 Male genital organs (Gylys), 1005 Reducible hernia (Venes), 1121 Genu recurvatum (Starkey), 1006 Herniated disk (Gylys), 1122 Adrenal glands, 1013 Genital herpes (Eagle), 1124 Endocrine system (Scanlon), 1015 Herpes labialis (Venes), 1125 Pituitary gland (Gylys), 1017 Herpes zoster (Barankin), 1125 Salivary glands (Thompson), 1018 Hesselbach triangle Eccrine and apocrine sweat (Chambers), 1127 glands, 1019 Old world hookworm (Leventhal), 1144 Thyroid gland (Prajer), 1020 Humerus (Hurst), 1152 Glaucoma (Gylys), 1022 Hormones affecting hunger Filtration in glomerulus (Thompson), 1150 (Thompson), 1027 Hydatid cyst (Leventhal), 1155 Goiter, 1033 Hydronephrosis (Gylys), 1160 Goniometer (Eagle), 1035 Hysterectomy (Gylys), 1195 Gout (Strasinger), 1037 Magnetic resonance imaging Acute gout (Venes), 1037 (Hopkins), 1208 Gram stain (Sacher), 1041 Cell-mediated immunity Granuloma annulare (Venes), 1042 (Scanlon), 1212 Growth chart girls (CDC), 1049 Humoral immunity (Scanlon), 1213 Growth chart boys (CDC), 1050 Impetigo (Barankin), 1221 Guidewire (Chambers), 1051 Dental implant, 1222 Gynecomastia (Venes), 1054 Body mass index (Shape Up Cerebral gyri, 1055 America), 1232 Hair and adjacent structures of Myocardial infarction cross-section of skin (Gylys), 1059 (Williams), 1240 Bones of hand (Hurst), 1062 Ulcer due to diabetic foot infection Haustration, seen endoscopically (Venes), 1245 (Venes), 1067 Intravenous infusion Hawkins test (Starkey), 1067 technique, 1256 Muscles of the face and neck, 1068 Metered-dose inhaler Arteries and veins of the head, 1069 (Wilkinson), 1258 Wound healing, 1072 Subcutaneous injection How hearing occurs (Thompson), 1263 (Thompson), 1077 Z-track injection (Eagle), 1264 Structures of the heart (Gylys), 1079 Injection drug use (Venes), 1264 Heart-lung machine, 1083 Insulin and glucagon functions Heimlich maneuver, 1087 (Scanlon), 1276 xviii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 19 # 19 International symbol of access, 1285 The limbic system of the brain, 1403 Intertrigo occurring in armpit Massive lipoma on the back (Venes), 1287 (Venes), 1408 Small intestine (Thompson), 1288 Extracorporeal shock wave Intrauterine contraceptive devices lithotripsy (Williams), 1413 (Hawkins), 1293 Liver and gallbladder (Gylys), 1413 Orotracheal intubation Liver lobule (Thompson), 1416 (Venes), 1294 Louse (CDC), 1421 Jaundice (Venes), 1313 Lungs (Eagle), 1423 Jaw, 1314 Systemic lupus erythematosus Types of joints (Hurst), 1317 (Williams), 1427 Myoneural junction (Scanlon), 1321 Cervical lymphadenopathy Squamocolumnar junction (Venes), 1431 (Venes), 1321 The lymphatic system (Gylys), 1433 Kaposi sarcoma (CDC), 1323 Circulation of lymphatic ﬂuid Keloid (Venes), 1327 (Thompson), 1434 Keratoacanthoma (Barankin), 1329 Lymphatics of the breast Actinic keratosis (Venes), 1331 (Thompson), 1434 Seborrheic keratoses on back Lymphedema of the leg (Venes), 1331 (Venes), 1435 Stucco keratosis (Venes), 1332 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Kidney (Gylys), 1334 (Venes), 1438 Nephron with its associated blood Non-Hodgkin lymphoma vessels (Gylys), 1335 (Strasinger), 1438 Knee (Thompson), 1339 Macrophage, 1443 Knee injuries (Thompson), 1339 Left lateral view of mandible Kyphosis (Venes), 1343 (Gylys), 1454 Sequence of labor and Medical marijuana card childbirth, 1345 (Venes), 1460 Laceration of the thumb Red bone marrow (Thompson), 1461 (Venes), 1351 Medic alert symbol, 1477 Lachman test (Starkey), 1351 Adrenal medulla (Thompson), 1486 Lacrimal apparatus (Hurst), 1351 Megakaryocyte (Harmening), 1487 Laminectomy (Eagle), 1356 Meiosis (Hurst), 1488 Slit lamp examination (Gylys), 1357 Melanoma (Barankin), 1489 Langer lines, 1359 Alveolocapillary membrane Laparoscope, 1360 (Scanlon), 1492 Larynx (Thompson), 1365 Cell membrane (Thompson), 1493 Muscles of the leg, 1376 Interosseous membrane Bones of the leg and foot, 1377 (Lippert), 1493 Lentigo maligna (CDC), 1382 Meninges (Thompson), 1497 Leopold maneuvers Meningococcemia (Venes), 1500 (Chapman), 1382 Qi merdidans (Williams), 1506 Acute lymphocytic leukemia Metastases (Harvey), 1512 (Harmening), 1388 Microglia (Scanlon), 1520 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Mitosis (Hurst), 1536 (Harmening), 1389 Moles (Barankin), 1540 Hairy cell leukemia Molluscum contagiosum (Harmening), 1390 (Barankin), 1542 Leukoplakia (Wilkinson), 1392 Peak ﬂow monitoring Lichen planus (Barankin), 1396 (Williams), 1543 Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Monocytes (Harmening), 1544 (Barankin), 1396 Morton toe (Starkey), 1553 Advanced cardiac life support Selected muscles of the body (Venes), 1399 (Gylys), 1566 xix Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 20 # 20 Muscle ﬁber (Thompson), 1566 Pancreas (Thompson), 1744 Morphological forms of muscle Tools for Pap test (Hawkins), 1748 (Strasinger), 1567 Papules on heel (Barankin), 1751 Fingernail (Gylys), 1590 Paronychia (Barankin), 1763 Nasogastric tube (Wilkinson), 1594 Applying patch test Navicular drop test (Starkey), 1599 (Barankin), 1767 Nebulizer (Gylys), 1599 Peau d’orange (Venes), 1774 Necator americanus Pectus excavatum (Venes), 1775 (Leventhal), 1600 Pelvis (Thompson), 1781 Lateral aspect of the neck, 1600 Penis and other male organs Necrosis (Venes), 1601 (Thompson), 1786 Nerve structure (Thompson), 1610 Perineum (Hurst), 1794 Acoustic nerve (8th cranial), 1611 Peritoneum, 1799 Cranial nerves and their Pes anserinus (Lippert), 1805 distributions (Gylys), 1613 Petechiae (Williams), 1806 Superﬁcial branches of facial nerve pH scale (Thompson), 1808 (7th cranial), 1614 Phagocytosis (Thompson), 1809 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 1615 Blood drawing from the antecubital Spinal nerves (Gylys), 1618 vein (Venes), 1817 Neurodermatitis (Venes), 1625 Gastric pit (Thompson), 1830 Neuron structure (Eagle), 1628 Delivery of the placenta Neuropathic foot due to diabetes (Chapman), 1832 (Venes), 1632 Body planes (Hurst), 1835 Neutrophils (Harmening), 1637 Epiphyseal plate (Thompson), 1839 Nevus ﬂammeus (Barankin), 1638 Pleurae (Thompson), 1841 Junctional nevi (Barankin), 1638 Pneumocystis jiroveci (⫻1000) Melanocytic nevus (Barankin), 1638 (Leventhal), 1846 Liquid nitrogen (Venes), 1643 Pneumothorax (Gylys), 1851 Lymph node, 1646 Poison oak (Venes), 1871 Subcutaneous nodules (Venes), 1647 Polycythemia vera Nondisjunction (Thompson), 1650 (Harmening), 1876 Ober test (Starkey), 1670 Polyps (Venes), 1880 Coronary occlusion (Venes), 1676 Nasal polyps, 1880 Oligodendrocyte (Scanlon), 1684 Popeye sign (Venes), 1883 Omentum (Thompson), 1685 Positions (Wilkinson), 1886 Onychomycosis (Barankin), 1688 Sites for ectopic pregnancy Oogenesis (Scanlon), 1689 (Chapman), 1905 Ophthalmoplegia (Venes), 1692 Presentations of fetus Opisthotonos, 1693 (Chapman), 1914 Orchiectomy (Venes), 1696 Odontoid process (Thompson), 1923 Ankle-foot orthosis (Venes), 1704 Promyelocyte (Harmening), 1930 Osmosis (Hurst), 1707 Protozoa (Scanlon), 1943 Osteoarthritis of the knee Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Venes), 1708 (Venes), 1948 Osteoporosis (Thompson), 1713 Psoriasis (Venes), 1950 Ostomy appliance (Venes), 1716 Guttate psoriasis (Venes), 1951 Human ovum (Ward), 1725 Ptosis (Venes), 1958 Transtracheal oxygen therapy Pulses (Thompson), 1960 (Williams), 1729 Insulin pump (Williams), 1963 Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Lumbar puncture (Eagle), 1965 (Scanlon), 1729 Pupil dilation and constriction Pacemaker (Venes), 1731 (Thompson), 1966 Fat pad (Venes), 1734 Purpura (Venes), 1968 Sites of referred pain Idiopathic thrombocytopenic (Williams), 1740 purpura, 1968 xx Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 21 # 21 Pyoderma gangrenosum of the lower Sphygmomanometer leg (Venes), 1973 (Wilkinson), 2202 Abdominal quadrants Spinal cord (Scanlon), 2204 (Wilkinson), 1976 Incentive spirometer Universal radiation symbol, 1984 (Williams), 2206 Causes of maternal death Splint (Venes), 2209 (WHO), 1998 Contraceptive sponge Rectum (Venes), 2010 (Hawkins), 2212 Reed-Sternberg cell (center) Mongolian spots (Ward), 2214 (Harmening), 2013 Staphylococcus aureus (Venes), 2224 Abdominal regions (Scanlon), 2022 Stapled incision (Williams), 2225 Transurethral resection of the Stapling devices (Chambers), 2225 prostate, 2033 Renal artery stenosis (Klein), 2231 Muscles of respiration Stenotrophomonas infection of the (Thompson), 2037 leg (Venes), 2231 Respiratory system, 2040 Insertion of a coronary artery stent Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Williams), 2232 (Meyers), 2046 Sternotomy (Venes), 2235 Retina of the right eye Sternum, 2235 (Chung), 2050 Stevens-Johnson syndrome Retina, 2051 (Barankin), 2236 Rib cage (Hurst), 2066 Transcutaneous electrical nerve Rosacea (Barankin), 2076 stimulation (Venes), 2238 Rugae (Gylys), 2082 Compression stocking (Venes), 2240 Rule of nines, 2083 Regions of the stomach Sacrum and coccyx, 2087 (Thompson), 2241 Salter-Harris fracture Muscles of the stomach wall (Starkey), 2092 (Thompson), 2242 Sarcoidosis (Barankin), 2096 Stomatitis (Barankin), 2243 Sarcoptes scabiei (Barankin), 2097 Stria atrophica (Venes), 2250 Scabies (Barankin), 2098 Stump of a foot (Venes), 2257 Scale, 2101 Swallowing (Thompson), 2284 Scalpels (Eagle), 2102 Sway-back (Levangie), 2285 Scapula (Hurst), 2103 Sycosis barbae (Venes), 2287 Schistocyte (Harmening), 2105 Synapse (Gylys), 2291 Scoliosis (Gylys), 2111 Syphilis (Barankin), 2297 Scurvy (Goldsmith), 2116 Syringes (Wilkinson), 2299 Seroma (Venes), 2133 Taenia saginata (Leventhal), 2305 Myelin sheath (Thompson), 2141 Taenia solium (Leventhal), 2305 Shingles (Barankin), 2144 Skin tags (Gylys), 2306 Shoulder (Thompson), 2150 Cardiac tamponade, 2308 Dialysis shunt (Venes), 2150 Temperature regulation Paranasal sinus (Thompson), 2161 (Wilkinson), 2319 Skeleton (Gylys), 2167 Tenodesis (Lippert), 2322 Structure of the skin and Testis (Thompson), 2325 subcutaneous tissue (Gylys), 2168 Thoracentesis, 2338 Bones of skull (Gylys), 2170 Thoracotomy scar (Venes), 2339 Smallpox, 2176 Thymus (Hurst), 2348 Sense of smell (Thompson), 2178 Tinea capitis (Barankin), 2354 Nasal speculum (Wilkinson), 2197 Tinea corporis (Barankin), 2354 Vaginal speculum (Hawkins), 2197 Tinea cruris (Barankin), 2354 Normal and abnormal sperm, 2198 Tinea versicolor (Barankin), 2355 Spermatogenesis (Hurst), 2199 Positron emission tomography, 2361 Spermatozoon (Hurst), 2199 Surface of tongue (Prajer), 2361 xxi Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/04/2016 09:23AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 22 # 1 Geographic tongue Types of mechanical heart valves (Wilkinson), 2362 (Williams), 2467 Tonometry (Gylys), 2363 Varicella (Barankin), 2469 Inﬂamed tonsils (CDC), 2363 Esophageal varix in a patient with Structure of a tooth cirrhosis of the liver (Thompson), 2365 (Roberts), 2471 Deciduous teeth (left side), 2365 Bowleg (Starkey), 2471 Tophi (Venes), 2367 Vas deferens and other male organs Total hip replacement (Gylys), 2369 (Eagle), 2472 Tracheostomy tube in place Vasculitis (Barankin), 2473 (Gylys), 2376 Vasectomy and its reversal Patient with tracheostomy tube (Gylys), 2474 (Williams), 2377 Systemic veins, 2478 Ultrasonic transducer (Venes), 2386 Structure of a vein and venule, 2479 Trichomonas vaginalis Varicose veins in leg (Gylys), 2481 (Leventhal), 2408 Venipuncture (Eagle), 2482 Trichuris trichiura Implantable venous access (Leventhal), 2410 port, 2483 Trypanosoma cruzi Noninvasive positive pressure (Leventhal), 2416 ventilation (Williams), 2485 Tuberculosis (Tamparo), 2419 Ventricles of the brain, 2487 Tuberculosis (CDC), 2419 Villi of small intestine (Eagle), 2495 Carpal tunnel (Thompson), 2425 Viral shapes (Eagle), 2498 Twins (Ward), 2427 Effect of HIV on immune system Aphthous ulcer (Barankin), 2431 (Williams), 2501 Pressure ulcer (Barankin), 2434 Vector of West Nile virus, 2504 Rodent ulcer (Venes), 2434 Vitiligo (Barankin), 2509 Venous stasis ulcer (Venes), 2435 Vocal cords (Owens), 2511 Doppler ultrasonography Vocal cords and glottis (Chapman), 2436 (Thompson), 2511 Fetal ultrasound image Vulva (Eagle), 2516 (Enright), 2437 Common warts (Barankin), 2521 Unna boot, 2443 Genital warts (Wilkinson), 2521 Female urethra (Thompson), 2446 Male urethra (Thompson), 2446 Plantar wart (Barankin), 2522 Urinary retention, 2448 Medicine wheel, 2533 Urine (Strasinger), 2451 Circle of Willis, 2535 Urine testing kit (Wilkinson), 2451 Open wound (Kloth), 2542 Urticaria (Venes), 2452 Compression wrap (Starkey), 2542 Uterus, 2453 Xanthelasma (Venes), 2544 Vacuum-assisted wound closure Xerocytes (Harmening), 2545 (Venes), 2461 Conjunctival xerosis (CDC), 2545 Vagina and other female organs Budding yeast (Strasinger), 2548 (Thompson), 2461 Yin-yang, 2548 Knock-knee (Starkey), 2465 Z-plasty method of correcting a Cardiac valves (Thompson), 2466 deforming scar, 2554 xxii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 23 # 23 ILLUSTRATION SOURCES Barankin and Frieman: Derm Notes: Clinical Dermatology Pocket Guide. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Dr. Lucille K. Georg; Frank Collins, PhD; James Gathany (2006); Carl Washington, MD; Emory University, School of Medicine; Mona Saraiya, MD, MPH. Chambers, K and Roche, V: Surgical Technology Review certiﬁcation and professionalism. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2010. Chapman, L and Durham, R: Maternal-Newborn Nursing : The Critical Components of Nursing Care. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2009. Chung, Christine A, MD, Philadelphia, PA. Dillon, PM: Nursing Health Assessment: A Critical Thinking, Case Stud- ies Approach. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2003. Eagle, Sharon: The Professional Medical Assistant. FA Davis, Philadel- phia, 2009. Eickhoff, L, Portland, OR. Enright, AD, Havertown, PA. Goldsmith, LA, Lazarus, GS and Tharp, MD: Adult and Pediatric Der- matology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, FA Davis, Phil- adelphia, 1997. Gylys, B and Masters, R: Medical Terminology Simpliﬁed: A Programmed Learning Approach by Body Systems, ed 4. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2010. Gylys, B and Wedding, M: Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Sys- tems Approach, ed 6. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2009. Harmening, D: Clincal Hematology & Fundamentals of Hemostasis. Ed 5. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2009. Hatch, H, Gold Beach, OR. Hawkins, J, Chestnut Hill, MA. Holloway, B et al: OB/GYN & Peds Notes: Nurse’s Clinical Pocket Guide, ed 2. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2011. Hopkins, T: Lab Notes: Guide to Lab and Diagnostic Tests, ed 2. FA Da- vis, Philadelphia, 2009. Hurst, J: Anatomy & Physiology in a Flash. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2010. Kintz, J, Eugene, OR. Kisner, C and Colby, L: Therapeutic Exercise, ed 5. FA Davis, Philadel- phia, 2007. Klein, A, Portland, OR. Kloth, LC: Wound Healing: Alternatives in Management, ed 3. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2002. Levangie, P and Norkin, C: Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehen- sive Analysis, ed 5. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2011. Lentner, C (ed): Geigy Scientiﬁc Tables, ed 8. Ciba Geigy, Basle, Swit- zerland, 1981. xxiii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 24 # 24 Leventhal, R and Cheadle, RF: Medical Parasitology: A Self-Instructional Text, ed 5. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2002. Lippert, L: Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy, ed 5. FA Davis, Philadel- phia, 2011. Myers, E: EMS Notes: EMT and Paramedic Field Guide. FA Davis, Phil- adelphia, 2009. Owens, April, Eugene, OR. Prajer, R and Gross, G: DH Notes: Dental Hygienist’s Chairside Pocket Guide. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2011. Roberts, John, MD. Scanlon, VC and Sanders, T: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, ed 5 & 6. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2007 & 2010. http://www.shapeup.org. Speroff, L: A Clinical Guide for Contraception, ed 3. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Starkey, C: Examination of Orthopedic & Athletic Injuries, ed. 3. FA Da- vis, Philadelphia, 2010. Stevens, CD: Clinical Immunology and Serology: A Laboratory Perspec- tive. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 1996. Strasinger, S and Di Lorenzo M: Urinalysis & Body Fluids, ed 5. FA Da- vis, Philadelphia, 2008. Strauss, W. Robert, Jr., Cherry Hill, NJ. Tamparo, C. and Lewis, M: Diseases of the Human Body, ed 5. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2011. Thompson, G: Understanding Anatomy & Physiology: A Visual, Auditory, Interactive Approach. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2012. Venes, D, MD. Brookings, OR. Ward, S and Hisley, S: Maternal-Child Nursing Care, FA Davis, Phila- delphia, 2009. White, G: Respiratory Notes: Respiratory Therapist’s Pocket Guide, FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2008. Wilkinson, JM and Van Leuven, K: Fundamentals of Nursing, ed 1 & 2. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2007 & 2011. Williams, LS and Hopper, PD (eds): Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, ed 4. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2011. World Health Organization (WHO): http://www.who.int. xxiv Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 25 # 25 LIST OF TABLES Activities of Daily Living and Factors Affecting Them, 40 Factors That May Decrease Patient Adherence to Therapy in the U.S., 50 Strategies that Improve Patient Adherence to Medical Regimens, 50 Oral Agents That Lower Blood Glucose, 61 Clinical Conditions and Opportunistic Infections Indicating AIDS, 68 Levels of Alcohol Consumption: A Guide to Contemporary Usages, 75 Common Allergies and Allergens, 83 Stages of Alzheimer disease, 90 Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes*, 109 Stages of Angina Pectoris, 125 Cancer Antigens Used as Tumor Markers, 147 Apgar Score, 158 Some Severe Illnesses That May Mimic Appendicitis, 163 Routes of Drug Administration During Cardiac Arrest*, 174 Techniques for Assessing Fetal Health*, 202 Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Autonomic Stimulation on Speciﬁc Tissues*, 225 Common Bacterial Infections, 234 Control of Arterial Bleeding, 279 Blood Components Used in Transfusion Therapy, 287 Selected Risk Factors for Breast Cancer, 308 Common and Experimental Techniques Used in Breast Imaging, 309 Features of Bronchodilator Drugs, 320 Estimated Number of New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex, U.S., 2013*, 350 Controversies in Cancer Screening in the General Population, 352 Classiﬁcation of Important Carbohydrates, 370 Digestion of Carbohydrates, 371 Effects of Carboxyhemoglobin, 372 Carcinogens, 374 Common Tests Performed Prenatally, 385 Important Considerations in the Administration of Chemotherapy, 450 Serious Complications of Childbirth*, 453 Criteria for Diagnosing CFS, 473 Hospital Emergency Codes, 503 Current Contraceptive Use Among Women Aged 15 to 44 Years of Age: U.S., 2011– 2013, 550 Contraindications to the Topical Application of Cold to Musculoskeletal Injuries, 590 The Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. (2010)*, 617 Common Birth Defects, 625 Birth Defects by Categories, with Examples*, 625 Prevalence of Dementia, by Patient Age, 638 xxv Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 26 # 26 Signs and Symptoms and Recommended Emergency Management of Odontogenic (Dental) Problems, 643 Preventing Oral Diseases/Maintaining Oral Health, 645 Comparison of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hypoglycemia, 665 Comparison of Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 (Non– Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, 668 Diseases in Which Diet Plays an Important Role, 676 The DASH Diet (Eating Plan), 678 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 680 Action of Digestive Enzymes on Food, 683 Fungal Diseases, 694 Method of Transmission of Some Communicable Diseases, 696 Inherited Diseases and Conditions: A Brief List, 698 Ultraviolet Treatment Dosages, 717 Comparison of Toxic and Allergic Drug Reactions, 729 Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfunction, 737 Major Electrolytes, 773 Electromagnetic Spectrum, 774 Derivatives of Embryonic Tissues, 783 Common Causes of Seizures, 830 Common Medication Errors, 839 Exercise: Energy Required, 863 Comparison of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion, 867 Fahrenheit and Celsius scales, 887 Causes of Acute Renal Failure, 888 Food sources of Saturated and Trans Fats, 901 The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for Classiﬁcation of Fibromyalgia, 926 Some Important Issues in Geriatric Health Care, 1008 Principal Endocrine Glands, 1016 Gram Conversion into Ounces (Avoirdupois), 1040 Top Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) in the U.S., 1047 Major Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century, 1073 Some Public Health Indicators, 1075 Misconceptions About Health Care, 1076 Elimination of Body Heat, 1084 Routine Precautions for the Care of All Hemodialysis Patients, 1098 Hemodynamic Parameters Frequently Measured in Critical Care, 1100 Comparison of Hemoptysis and Hematemesis, 1107 Common Sites of Bleeding, 1107 Classiﬁcation of Blood Pressure for Adults Age 18 and Older, 1176 Methods to Reduce Blood Pressure without Medication, 1177 Representative Occupational Illnesses, 1204 Examination Findings of Heat Illnesses, 1206 Blood Type Compatibility, 1226 Incubation and Isolation Periods in Common Infections, 1230 Colors of Indicators of pH, 1236 Fungal Infections, 1246 Basic Guidelines for Infection Control, 1248 Mediating Factors in Inﬂammation, 1251 Unsafe Injection Practices*, 1262 Traumatic Injuries, 1265 Mechanisms of Brain Injury, 1268 Natural and Artiﬁcial Stimulants That May Contribute to Insomnia, 1271 xxvi Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 27 # 27 Duration of Effect of Various Insulins When Given by Subcutaneous Injection, 1277 Desirable Levels of Anticoagulation in Terms of INR, 1284 Radioactive Isotopes Having Important Long-Term Health Effects, 1309 Karnofsky Index, 1324 Some Classes of Drugs That Inhibit Libido, 1395 Life Expectancy by Sex, Age, and Race: 2008, 1397 Expectation of Life at Birth, 1970 to 2008, and Projections, 2010 to 2020, 1398 Causes of Swollen Glands, 1432 Physical Signs of Malnutrition, 1452 Grading Systems for Manual Muscle Tests, 1457 Seminal Medicolegal Court Decisions in the U.S., 1484 Micronutrients, Sources, and Deﬁciency Diseases, 1522 Some Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Uses, 1544 Ten Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States – 2013, 1551 Comparison of Properties of Three Types of Muscle, 1568 Common Neuropathies, 1630 Typical Noise Levels in Decibels and Their Effect, 1648 The Norton Scale, 1654 Adverse Events That Occur in More than 3% of Hospitalized Patients, 1654 Diagnostic Tests for Occult Bleeding, 1677 Size, Weight, and Capacity of Various Organs and Parts of the Adult Body, 1698 Organ Systems, 1702 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis, 1714 Usual Adult Doses and Intervals of Drugs for Relief of Pain, 1735 Sites of Referred Pain, 1738 Important Considerations in Palliative Care, 1771 A Patient’s Perception of Quality Health Care, 1771 Symptoms and Signs of Periodontitis, 1796 pH of Some Fluids, 1809 The Pneumoconioses, 1846 Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide, 1861 Positions of Fetus in Utero, 1885 Pregnancy Table for Expected Date of Delivery, 1900 Recommended Screening for Pregnant Women, 1904 Tests for Premature Rupture of Membranes, 1908 Table of Pathogenic Protozoa, 1944 Psychomotor and Physical Development: Birth to 1 Year, 1955 Purines in Food, 1967 Radiosensitive Tumors, 1989 Rate of Respiration, 2038 Common Findings on Funduscopic Examination in Retinopathy, 2053 Prominent Issues in Hospital Risk Management, 2072 Glasgow Coma Scale, 2100 Causative Agents of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2139 International System of Units (SI Units), 2164 Preﬁxes and Their Symbols Used to Designate Decimal Multiples and Submultiples in SI Units, 2165 Bones of the Human Skeleton, 2167 xxvii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 28 # 28 Grading System for Sprains, 2215 Stroke and its Causes, 2251 Information Technologies Used in Health Care, 2316 U.S. FDA Categories for Drugs by Teratogenic or Fetotoxic Potential, 2323 Comparative Thermometric Scale, 2335 Thermometric Equivalents (Celsius and Fahrenheit), 2336 Some Culturally Speciﬁc (Folk) Illnesses, 2384 Revised Trauma Score, 2399 Signiﬁcance of Changes in Urine, 2449 Common Disorders of Urination, 2450 Some Contraindications to Live Vaccines, 2456 Methods of Accessing the Vasculature, 2472 Common Viral Characteristics, 2499 Causes of Vomiting, 2514 Metropolitan Height and Weight Tables for Men and Women According to Frame, Ages 25 to 59, 2529 Ethical Requirements for Expert Witnesses, 2538 * New table xxviii Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 08/02/2016 02:38PM Plate # 0-Composite pg 29 # 1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT* ABBR abbreviation Ger. German Amerind American Indian Gr. Greek approx. approximately i.e. id est (that is) at. no. atomic number L. Latin at. wt. atomic weight pert. pertaining Brit. British pl. plural e.g. exempli gratia (for ex- sing. singular ample) Sp. Spanish esp. especially SYMB symbol Fr. French SYN synonym fr. from *Additionalabbreviations are listed in the Units of Measurement (Including SI Units) Appendix and the Medical Abbreviations Appendix (SEE: Bonus Appendices). xxix Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_fm 07/26/2016 11:36AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 30 # 30 Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_a 07/15/2016 08:51AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 1 # 1 A ␣ Alpha, the ﬁrst letter of the Greek al- tions, 90% or more of the partial phabet. pressure of oxygen in the lungs will dif- Å angstrom unit. fuse into the blood yielding an a/A ratio a accommodation; ampere; anode; ante- greater than 0.9. This value can be used rior; area; artery. to determine whether there is a problem ā [L.] ante, before. with gas diffusion. A2 aortic second sound. AARC American Association for Respira- a- SEE: 1an-. tory Care. AA Achievement age; Alcoholics Anony- AARP American Association of Retired mous; amino acid; arteriae; arteries. Persons. AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm; acne- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy. associated arthritis; American Acad- AASECT American Association of Sex Ed- emy of Allergists; American Ambulance ucators, Counselors, and Therapists. Association; American Association of AATS American Association for Thoracic Anatomists; Area Agency on Aging. Surgery. AAb Autoantibody. AAV adeno-associated virus. AABB American Association of Blood Ab Antibody. Banks. ab-, abs- [L. ab, from] Preﬁxes meaning AACC American Association for Clinical from, away from, negative, absent. The Chemistry. variant abs- is used before t, e.g., ab- AACN American Association of Critical- stract. 1 Abadie sign (ă-bad⬘ē) [Jean Abadie, Fr. Care Nurses; American Association of Colleges of Nursing. neurologist, 1873– 1946] In tabes dor- AACVPR American Association of Car- salis, insensibility to pressure over the diovascular and Pulmonary Rehabili- Achilles tendon. 2 Abadie sign (ă-bad⬘ē) [Charles A. Aba- tation. AAFP American Academy of Family Phy- die, Fr. ophthalmologist, 1842– 1932] sicians. In exophthalmic goiter, spasm of the le- AAg Autoantigen. vator palpebrae superioris. AAHN American Association for the His- abandonment (ă-ban⬘dŏn-mĕnt) [Fr. tory of Nursing. abandoner, to surrender] Premature AAMA American Association of Medical termination of the professional treat- Assistants. ment relationship by the health care AAMI Association for the Advancement of provider without adequate notice or the Medical Instrumentation; age-associ- patient’s consent. ated memory impairment. abasia (ă-bā⬘zh(ē-)ă) [1an- ⫹ Gr. basis, AAMS Association of Air Medical Ser- step] 1. Motor incoordination in walk- vices. ing. 2. Inability to walk due to impair- AAMT American Association for Medical ment of coordination. abasic, abatic, Transcription. adj. AAN American Academy of Nursing. a.-astasia Lack of motor coordination AANA American Association of Nurse with inability to stand or walk. SYN: Anesthetists. astasia-abasia. AANN American Association of Neurosci- paralytic a. Abasia in which the leg ence Nurses. muscles are paralyzed. AANP American Academy of Nurse Prac- paroxysmal trepidant a. Abasia titioners. caused by trembling and sudden stiff- AAOHN American Association of Occu- ening of the legs on standing, making pational Health Nurses. walking impossible. It may be related to AAOMS American Association of Oral hysteria. and Maxillofacial Surgeons. abate (ă-bāt⬘) [Fr. abattre, to beat down] AAOS American Academy of Orthopedic 1. To lessen or decrease. 2. To cease or Surgeons. cause to cease. abatement (mĕnt), n. AAP American Academy of Pediatrics; abaxial, abaxile (a-bak⬘sē-ăl, a-bak⬘sı̆l) American Association of Pathologists. [ab- ⫹ axial] 1. Not within the axis of AAPA American Academy of Physician a body or part. 2. At the opposite end of Assistants. the axis of a part. AAPMR American Academy of Physical Abbe-Wharton-McIndoe operation, Mc- Medicine and Rehabilitation. Indoe operation (a⬘bē-whar⬘tŏn-mak⬘- a/A ratio The ratio of arterial oxygen par- in-dō) A surgical procedure performed tial pressure (a) to alveolar oxygen par- to create a vagina in patients who do not tial pressure (A). Under normal condi- have one. This is achieved by creating Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_a 07/15/2016 08:51AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 2 # 2 Abbott method 2 abdomen adequate space between the rectum and nal wall is formed by the ﬂat abdominal bladder; the inlaying of a split-thickness musculature. The abdomen contains the graft; and most importantly, continuous stomach, the inferiormost part of the and prolonged dilatation during the esophagus, the small and large intes- healing stage when tissues are most tines, liver, gallbladder, and spleen. The likely to contract. parietal peritoneum lines the abdomi- PATIENT CARE: The health care nal cavity. The visceral peritoneum en- team supports the patient medically velop the organs within the abdominal and psychologically by helping the pa- cavity. The kidneys, adrenal glands, tient learn about her condition and the ureters, prostate, seminal vesicles, and procedure by answering questions, pro- greater vascular structures (such as the viding comfort, and alleviating anxiety. abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava) Abbott method (ab⬘ŏts) [Edville G. Ab- are located external to the peritoneum bott, U.S. orthopedic surgeon, 1871– (extraperitoneal); those lying posteri- 1938] A treatment for scoliosis that is orly are retroperitoneal. abdominal (ab- no longer used, in which a series of plas- dom⬘ı̆-năl), adj. SEE: abdominal quad- ter jackets were applied to straighten rants for illus. the spine. INSPECTION: Visual examination of ABC American Botanical Council; anti- the abdomen is best done while the pa- gen-binding capacity; airway, tient is supine with the knees slightly breathing, circulation (the former mne- bent. In a healthy person the abdomen monic for assessing the status of emer- is oval, with elevations and depressions gency patients) corresponding to the abdominal mus- ABCD asymmetry, border, color, diameter cles, umbilicus, and, to some degree, the (a mnemonic to aid health care pro- forms of underlying viscera. Relative to viders in the recognition of malignant chest size, the abdomen is larger in chil- melanoma). Pigmented lesions on the dren than in adults; it is more rotund skin with irregularities of growth and and broader inferiorly in males than in color and diameters greater than 6 mm females. have a considerable likelihood of being Disease can alter the shape of the ab- melanomas and should be profession- domen. A general, symmetrical enlarge- ally examined. Additional characteris- ment may result from ascites; a partial tics of melanomas include the sudden and irregular enlargement may result change of an existing mole or sudden ap- from tumors, from hypertrophy of or- pearance of pigmented moles. In some gans such as the liver or spleen, or from cases an existing mole that was ﬂat el- intestinal distention caused by gas. Re- evates above the skin. The letter E is traction of the abdomen may occur in used as a mnemonic for this expansion extreme emaciation and in several or evolution of skin lesions (thus the forms of cerebral disease. mnemonic is sometimes referred to as The respiratory movements of the ab- ABCDE). SEE: illus.; melanoma. dominal walls and the movements of the ABCDE SEE: ABCD. thorax are inversely proportional: when ABCD rule ABCD score. the movements of the one increase, the ABCD 2 score, ABCD score ABCD rule. movements of the other decrease. Thus, ABCDs of palliative care attitude, behav- abdominal movements increase in pleu- ior, compassion, and dialogue. risy, pneumonia, and pericarditis but abdiction (ab-dik⬘shŏn) [ab- ⫹ decrease in peritonitis and abdominal (ad)diction] The intolerance or avoid- pain. ance of drugs or chemicals. The superﬁcial abdominal veins are abdomen (ab-dō⬘mĕn, ab⬘dŏ-mĕn) [L. sometimes visibly enlarged, indicating abdomen, belly] The portion of the an obstruction of blood ﬂow in either the trunk between the thorax and the pel- portal system (as in cirrhosis) or the in- vis. The abdomen and the pelvis form ferior vena cava. the abdominopelvic cavity. The abdo- AUSCULTATION: Listening to sounds men is bounded superiorly by the tho- produced in abdominal organs provides racic diaphragm and inferiorly by the useful diagnostic information. Absent or pelvic brim. The anterolateral abdomi- diminished bowel sounds may indicate 6 MM Asymmetry Border irregularity Color Diameter ABCD’S OF MELANOMA Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_a 07/15/2016 08:51AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 3 # 3 abdomen 3 aberration paralytic ileus or peritonitis. High- abdomin-, belly] Preﬁxes meaning ab- pitched tinkling sounds are associated domen. with intestinal obstruction. Bruits may abdominocentesis (ab-dom⬙i-nō-sen-tē⬘ indicate atherosclerosis or an abdomi- sis) [abdomino- ⫹ -centesis] Punc- nal aortic aneurysm. During pregnancy, ture of the abdomen with an instrument auscultation enables identiﬁcation and for withdrawal of ﬂuid from the abdom- evaluation of the fetal heart rate and inal cavity. vascular sounds from the placenta. abdominocyesis (ab-dom⬙in-ō-sı̄-ēs⬘is) PERCUSSION: For the practitioner to [abdomino- ⫹ Gr. kuēsis, pregnancy] obtain the greatest amount of informa- Abdominal pregnancy. tion, the patient should be supine with abdominohysterectomy (ab-dom⬙i-nō- the head slightly raised and knees his-tĕr-ek⬘tŏ-mē) [abdomino- ⫹ hys- slightly ﬂexed. Percussion should be terectomy] Abdominal hysterectomy. carried out systematically over the an- abdominohysterotomy (ab-dom⬙i-nō- terior surface of the abdomen. A com- his-tĕr-ot⬘ŏ-mē) [abdomino- ⫹ hyster- bination of audible or tactile sensation otomy] Abdominal hysterotomy. will be perceived by the examiner ac- abdominoperineal (ab-dom⬙i-nō-per⬙ı̆- cording to underlying structures (such nē⬘ăl) [abdomino- ⫹ perineal] Pert. as gaseous distended organs versus to the abdomen and the perineum. solid organs). abdominoplasty (ab-dom⬘i-nō-plas⬙tē) PALPATION: The abdomen may be [abdomino- ⫹ -plasty] Plastic surgery palpated with ﬁngertips, the whole on the abdomen, e.g., to remove un- hand, or both hands; pressure may be wanted fat and skin from the abdomen slight or heavy, continuous or intermit- and to tighten the rectus muscles. tent. The head is supported to relax the abdominothoracic (ab-dom⬙i-nō-thŏ-ras⬘ abdominal wall. On occasion, the pa- ik) [abdomino- ⫹ thoracic] Pert. to tient may be examined in a standing po- the abdomen and thorax. sition, e.g., palpation of groin hernias abdominovaginal (ab-dom⬙i-nō-vaj⬘i-năl) may not be feasible in the supine posi- [abdomino- ⫹ vaginal] Pert. to the tion. abdomen and vagina. Palpation is helpful in detecting the abdominovesical (ab-dom⬙i-nō-ves⬘i-kăl) size, consistency, and position of vis- [abdomino- ⫹ vesical] Pert. to the ab- cera; the existence of tumors and swell- domen and urinary bladder. ings; and whether the tumors change abducens (ab-doo⬘senz⬙) [L. abducens position with respiration or are mov- (participle), drawing away] Drawing able. It is necessary to ascertain away from the midline of the body. whether there is tenderness in any por- abducens nerve SEE: under nerve. tion of the abdominal cavity, whether abducent (ab-dū⬘sĕnt) [L. abducens, pain is increased or relieved by ﬁrm participial stem abducent-, fr abducere, pressure, and whether pain is accentu- to draw away] Abducting; leading ated by sudden release of ﬁrm pressure, away. SEE: abducens. i.e., rebound tenderness. abduct (ab-dŭkt⬘) [L. abductus, perfect An arterial impulse, if one exists, is participle fr. abducere, to lead away] To systolic and expansive. A thrill accom- draw away from the median plane of the panying a bruit may occasionally be pal- body or one of its parts. pated. The surface of a tumor is usually abduction (ab-dŭk⬘shŏn) [L. abducere, ﬁrm and smooth but may be nodular. In- to lead away] 1. Movement of a limb ﬂammatory masses are typically ﬁrm away from the median plane of the body. and reproducibly tender. Effusion of 2. Movement of a digit away from the blood into tissues, e.g., hematoma, may median plane of the limb. 3. Movement produce a palpable mass. of an eye away from the nose. acute a. An abnormal condition of abduction stress test SEE: under stress the abdomen in which there is a sudden, test. abrupt onset of severe pain. It requires abductor (ab-dŭk⬘tor) SEE: under mus- urgent evaluation and diagnosis be- cle. cause it may indicate a need for imme- aberrant (a-ber⬘ănt) [L. aberrare, to diate surgical intervention. SYN: sur- wander] Deviating from normal. SYN: gical a. abnormal. pendulous a. An abdomen with folds aberration (ab⬙ĕ-rā⬘shŏn) [L. aberrare, of fatty tissue that drape over the pubis. to wander] 1. Deviation from the nor- scaphoid a. An abdomen that on ex- mal. 2. Imperfect refraction of light amination appears hollowed, sunken, or rays. emaciated. chromatic a. Unequal refraction of surgical a. Acute a. different wavelengths of light through a abdominal muscles SEE: under muscle. lens, producing a colored image. abdominal quadrant SEE: under quad- chromosomal a. An abnormality in rant. chromosomes regarding number (aneu- abdomino-, abdomin- [L. abdomen, stem ploidy, polyploidy) or chromosomal ma- Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_a 07/15/2016 08:51AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 4 # 4 aberration 4 ABMLI terial (translocation, deletion, duplica- ability depends on the integration of tion). several higher brain functions, includ- higher order a. In ophthalmology, a ing perception, planning, and motor co- refractive error that cannot be corrected ordination. It is lost in organic brain by bending light into the eye with eye- syndromes. glasses or contact lenses. crystallized a. A learned skill, e.g., lateral a. Deviation of a ray from the the ability to read or write or use a piece focus measured on a line perpendicular of equipment, such as a keyboard. to the axis. ﬂuid a. The ability to reason or draw longitudinal a. Deviation of a ray inferences, to understand new informa- from the direction parallel to the optic tion, or to cope with new problems, en- axis. vironments, or experiences. spherical a. Aberration or distortion functional a. The ability to perform of an image due to rays entering the pe- activities of daily living, including bath- ripheral portion of a spherical mirror or ing, dressing, and other independent lens being refracted differently from living skills, such as shopping and those closer to the center. Thus the pe- housework. Many functional assess- ripheral rays are focused on the optical ment tools are available to quantify axis at a different point from the central functional ability. SEE: activities of rays. daily living. aberrometry (a⬙bĕr-om⬘ĕ-trē) [L. aber- transfer a., impaired Limitation of rare, to wander ⫹ -metry] The mea- independent movement between two surement of refractive errors of the eye. nearby surfaces. SEE: Nursing Diagno- Abeta, A␤ amyloid beta peptide ses Appendix. Abeta42 amyloid-beta1-42 (a biomarker verbal a. The ability to use words, in the cerebrospinal ﬂuid for Alzheimer spoken or written, to communicate. disease). ability bias The tendency to assume that abetalipoproteinemia (ā⬙bāt⬙ă-lip⬙ŏ-prō⬙ success is linked to prolonged education tēn-ē⬘mē-ă) [2an- ⫹ beta ⫹ lipopro- rather than to a person’s underlying tein ⫹ -emia] An inherited disorder abilities, which make him or her a suc- marked by an absence of beta lipopro- cess in education and other pursuits. teins in the blood and low levels of cho- abiogenesis (ā⬙bı̄⬙ō-jen⬘ĕ-sis) [1an- ⫹ lesterol, fatty acids, and chylomicrons. biogenesis] Spontaneous generation. The patient’s red blood cells have a abiogenetic, abiogenous (ā⬙bı̄⬙ō-jĕ- thorny or spiked appearance (acantho- net⬘ik, ā⬙bē-oj⬘ĕ-nŭs), adj. cytosis). The condition is most often abiosis (ā⬙bı̄-ō⬘sis) [a- ⫹ bio- ⫹ -osis] seen in Ashkenazi Jews. Symptoms in- Absence of life. abiotic, adj. clude retinal macular degeneration and abiotrophy (ā⬙bı̄-o⬘trŏ-fē) [1an- ⫹ bio- chronic progressive neurological deﬁ- ⫹ -trophy] Premature loss of vitality cits, which usually begin in childhood. or degeneration of tissues and cells with Affected infants develop steatorrhea consequent loss of endurance and resis- and growth retardation. Later clinical tance. abiotrophic (ā⬙bı̄-o⬘trō-ﬁk), adj. manifestations include ataxia; by ado- ablactation (ab-lak-tā⬘shŏn) [ab- ⫹ lescence, many patients are unable to lactation] 1. The cessation of milk se- walk. Vitamin E may be helpful in ar- cretion. SEE: wean. resting the progression of neurological ablate (a-blāt⬘) [L. ablatus, taken away] aspects. SYN: Bassen-Kornzweig syn- To destroy, excise, or remove. drome. SEE: acanthocyte. ablation (a-blā⬘shŏn) [ablatio] Removal abeyance (ă-bā⬘ăns) [Fr. abeance, expec- of a body part, a pathway, or a function, tation] A temporary suspension of ac- as by chemical or physical destruction tivity, sensation, or pain. or by surgery. Particular ablations are abfraction (ab⬙frak⬘shŏn) [ab- ⫹ frac- listed under the ﬁrst word. SEE: e.g., en- tion] A wedge-shaped area in the re- dometrial ablation; radiofrequency ab- gion of the cementoenamel junction of lation; tissue ablation. the tooth resulting from biomechanical ablative (a-blā⬘tiv) [L. ablativus, taken forces. away] Pert. to ablation, esp. by sur- ABG arterial blood gas. gery. ability (ă-bi⬘li-tē) [Fr. habileté, fr L. ha- ABLEDATA (ā⬘bı̆l-dā⬘tă) A searchable bilitas, skill] The capacity to perform a Internet database of assistive technol- task. ogy information maintained by the Na- cognitive a. The ability of the brain tional Institute on Disability and Re- to process, retrieve, and store informa- habilitation Research of the U.S. tion. Impairment of these brain func- Department of Education. The website tions is common in patients with de- address is www.abledata.com mentia, drug intoxication, or head ablution (ă-bloo⬘shŏn) [L. abluere, to injury. wash away] The washing of one’s body, constructional a. The ability to copy or of a part of it. or draw shapes, ﬁgures, or lines, e.g., ABMLI American Board of Medical Lab- with a pen and paper. This nonverbal oratory Immunology. Name /bks_54668_tabers/54668_a 07/15/2016 08:51AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 5 # 5 ABMM 5 abortion ABMM American Board of Medical Mi- sue (embryonic or fetal) is preserved for crobiology. laboratory examination. The patient is ABMS American Board of Medical Spe- evaluated for shock, sepsis, and dissem- cialties. inated intravascular coagulation. abnormal (ab⬙nor⬘măl) [ab- ⫹ normal] A health care professional remains ABBR: abnl. 1. Diverging from a with the patient as much as possible to known standard or mean. SYN: aber- help allay anxiety, is aware of the pa- rant. 2. Exceptional. 3. Unexpected. ab- tient’s coping mechanisms, and is alert normally (ab⬙nor⬘mă-lē), adv. for responses such as grief, anger, guilt, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale sadness, depression, relief, or happi- test ABBR: AIMS test. A system for ness. assessing abnormal involuntary move- If an elective abortion or surgical com- ments, such as hand tremors or rhyth- pletion of the abortion is needed, the mic movements of the tongue and jaw, procedure and expected sensations are that may result from the long-term ad- explained, and general perioperative ministration of psychotropic drugs. T

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