Medical Terminology Lecture (5) - PDF

Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Prepared by Emad Al-Sheikh Lecturer of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department  Medical Terminology Lecture (...

Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Prepared by Emad Al-Sheikh Lecturer of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Cardiovascular System Functions of Cardiovascular (CV) System: o Distribute blood to all areas of body. o Delivery of needed substances to cells. o Removal of wastes. Organs of Cardiovascular System o Heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Cardiovascular Roots/Combining Forms: Root Meaning Root Meaning angi/o Vessel thromb/o Clot aort/o Aorta valv/o Valve arteri Artery -vascul/o Blood vessel ather/o Fatty substance vas/o Vessel, duct atri/o Atrium ven/o Vein cardi/o Heart ventricul/o Ventricle phleb/o Vein  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Cardiovascular Prefixes and Suffixes: Prefixes Meaning Suffixes Meaning brady- Slow –ole Small tachy- Fast –tension Pressure –ule Small -sclerosis Hardening  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Cardiovascular System Terms o Cardiology: branch of medicine for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease; physician is a cardiologist. o Blood pressure: Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel. o Systole blood pressure: blood pressure during ventricles contraction. o Diastole blood pressure: blood pressure during ventricles relaxation. o Angiospasm: Spasm or contraction of blood vessel. o Angiostenosis: narrowing of a vessel  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) o Bradycardia: slow heart rate. o Cardiomegaly: enlarged heart. o Tachycardia: fast heart rate. o Ventricular: pertaining to ventricles. o Cyanosis: Slightly bluish color of the skin due to a deficiency of oxygen o Infarct: Area of tissue within an organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) o Ischemia: Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction to the circulation. o Murmur: An abnormal heart sound such as a soft blowing sound or harsh click. o Sphygmomanometer: Instrument for measuring blood pressure. o Stethoscope: Instrument for listening to body sounds.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System: o Angina pectoris: severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart. Caused by a deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle. o Aortic stenosis: Narrowing of the aorta. o Arrhythmia: Irregularity in the heartbeat or action. o Arteriosclerosis: Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries. Most often due to atherosclerosis. o Atherosclerosis: Formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries. o Cardiac arrest: Complete stopping of heart activity. o Cardiomyopathy: General term for a disease of the myocardium. Can be caused by congestive heart failure.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) o Congenital septal defect (CSD) A hole, present at birth, in the septum between two heart chambers; results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. o Congestive heart failure (CHF): left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood. o Coronary artery disease (CAD): Insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to an obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. May cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. o Embolus: The obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus somewhere else in the body and traveled to the point of obstruction. o Endocarditis: Inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) o Fibrillation: An extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by an abnormal quivering or contractions of heart fibers. o Flutter: An arrhythmia in which the atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern. o Heart valve stenosis: The heart valves are too stiff. Therefore, they are unable to open fully, making it difficult for blood to flow through, or shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward. o Hypertension: Blood pressure above the normal range. o Hypotension: Decrease in blood pressure.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) o Myocardial infarction: Condition caused by the partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of the coronary arteries. o Myocarditis: ????. o Pericarditis:???. o Peripheral vascular disease (PVD): Any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside the heart. o Rheumatic heart disease: Valvular heart disease as a result of having had rheumatic fever. o Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein that results in the formation of blood clots within the vein. o Thrombus: A blood clot formed within a blood vessel. o Varicose veins Swollen and distended veins, usually in the legs.  Medical Terminology Lecture (5) Pharmacology Relating to the Cardiovascular System o Antiarrhythmic: Reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias. o Anticoagulant: Prevent blood clot formation. o Antihypertensive: Lowers blood pressure. o Cardiotonic: Increases the force of cardiac muscle contraction. Treats congestive heart failure. o Diuretic: Increases urine production by the kidneys. o Thrombolytic: Dissolves existing blood clots. o Vasoconstrictor: Contracts smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels. o Vasodilator: Relaxes the smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels. Medical Terminology Lecture (5)