Chapter 1 - Medical Terminologies PDF

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Fall Semester 2024 - 2025  Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 4....

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Fall Semester 2024 - 2025  Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 4. Drug Information Resources 5. Drug Consult 6. Referencing 7. Drug Information Center (DIC) 8. Introduction to Biostatistics 9. Evaluation of Literature 10. Evaluation of Journal Club 11. Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines 2  School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Chapter 1: Medical Terminologies 3  Pharmacy A healthcare profession that links health sciences to chemical sciences Pharmacy practice includes: o Compounding Medications o Dispensing o Reviewing o Providing drug information and clinical services related to patient care Pharmacists are: o Drug therapy experts o Primary health care professionals who optimize medication use 4  Etiology The term “etiology” means the science of causes or origin of the disease o From a scientific perspective, all diseases must have causes o A cause is something that produces an effect It is important to know the cause of the disease in order to treat in a correct way Generally, the etiology of disease falls into one of three main categories, namely: o Intrinsic — coming from within o Extrinsic — originating from external factors 5 o Idiopathic — cause unknown  Pathophysiology Pathophysiology combines two major words: 1- Patho: refers to the disease 2- Physiology: refers to the normal functioning of the body Pathophysiology is the study of the functional, mechanical and physical changes that occur in the body as a result of disease or injury, explaining how these changes lead to the signs and symptoms of various conditions 6  Pharmacotherapeutics Pharmacotherapeutics combines two major words: 1- Pharmaco: which refers to drugs 2- Therapeutics: meaning treatment of diseases Pharmacotherapeutics refers to the use of drugs to prevent, treat, diagnose, and manage diseases and medical conditions in humans 7  Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics combines two major words: 1- Pharmaco: which refers to drugs 2- Kinetics: which involves motion or movement Pharmacokinetics examines the movement and transformation of a drug within the body over time It is summarized by this pathway: ADME A: Absorption D: Distribution M: Metabolism E: Elimination So, it explains how the body interacts with administered substances, in other words: Effect of the body on drug What the body does to the drug 8  Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics combines two major words: 1- Pharmaco: which refers to drugs 2- Dynamics: involves process Pharmacodynamics is the process of how drugs exert their effects on the body, including the interactions between drugs and their molecular targets (receptors, binding sites, chemical interactions…) inducing a change and producing physiological and biochemical responses So, it explains the study of a drug's molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions (Mechanism of action of the drug MOA) Effect of drug on body 9  Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics (Summary) Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics - Effect of the body on the drug - Effect of the drug on the body - ADME (Absorption, distribution, - MOA (Mechanism of action) metabolism, elimination) 10  Bioavailability: F Bioavailability combines two major words: 1- Bio: refers to living organism (body of living organism) 2- Availability: meaning accessibility Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a drug or substance that enters the bloodstream (systemic circulation) when introduced into the body It is a measure of the extent and rate at which the active ingredient is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action Referred to as: ‘F’ 11  Bioavailability: F Example: Drug administered IV (Intravenously) Drug administered Orally (PO) - 100% of the drug arrives circulation - When oral medication is administered, it is instantly often processed in large quantities by the liver, gut wall, or digestive enzymes, - Bioavailability is 100% F=1 subsequently lowering the amount of medication that arrives in circulation; - Gold standard regarding bioavailability therefore, having a lower bioavailability - Bioavailability decreases F