Medical Parasitology (Reproductive) Past Paper PDF 2023 University of Tobruk

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W 4*s.'c,La..r a.grljl qrjS, dllJ.ji..,4 -Jl-ij.r4i L;tsyl LJL^eYl3 e-p: 'r'J''.' A-r't+L 4#,tlyJls rr-iJj-Js , i ltii 41t it L., , i Itii tt _h n -z) &jJi$l 6)l'i'J ''.' 6l*.$l*l ,,r,,,,_,,|i, d.^,,.t tra-,tU-r.+$t' ry {-t ,,t - gJl" },J.ai Medical parasitology (reproductive ) Congenital ( l r l €J.iqll ,..Ltf 4$ - dlL ir-ot t 11 AriJl e.* +l.J;+r3io 4+iti dsYt iJFaLr.Jl - ( fepfOdUCtiVe ,ilJ'!i ) lJt+ll - 6.rto Second YEAR MODULE SYSTEM.!.i"j$:JJisJl 2023 02 -27 i; q @u @ta.M e.\k^4"@r 6rm;fuyffi\ ,,1 "t 't t:i /1, k ffiffiruffif 'ffi{ffimffi lt 'liu u ilu6/ l /+44 University of Tobruk Faculty of Medicine Medical Parasitology Congenital Prepared by Moham med Towfi k Alrnesmary Toxoplasma gondii (Sporozoan) Toxoplasmosis Phylum: Apicomplexa Subphylum: Sporozoa CIass: -Coccidian ui /u6/ 1444 lntroduction:. Toxoplasmo gondiiwas first described in 1908, in a small rodent gundi (Ctenodoctylus gundi) of North Africa. The parasite subsequently demonstrated in man. Congenital infection found in 1937.. The Iife cycle of T. gondii was fully d.escribed in 1,970, the cats are the definitive host where man and animals are the intermediate hosts.. T. gondii is a zoonotic, an obligate intracellular parasite, it causes toxoplasmosis, especially in the immunocompromised hosts. lt is an important opportun istic protozoan r The parasite probably is the only protozoan, whose all the stages are infective to man. Ctenodactylus gundi u t /uot 1444 Continue..... I _l T.tgondii is a protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa that has a worldwide distribution(Cosmopolitan), in humans and in domestic and wild an imals, especially carn ivores. lnfection in immunocompetent persons is generally asymptomatic or mild, but immunocompromised patients may experience serious complications. lnfection in the uterus may result in serious congenitalinfection with sequelae or stillbirth. Morphology: Toxoplasma (Toxo - arc; plasma - cell). lt was named as Toxplasma, due to crescent shape of its tachyzoite. There are five forms in T. gondiilife cycle: Trop h ozoite (Tachyzoite), Tissue cyst (b ra dy,zoite), Sch izo nt, Ga m etocyte and Oocyst. Tachyzoites, Tissue cysts and oocysts are important stages seen during parasite life c,ucle ill these stages are man. ut t\)o/ l4t++ T. g on d i i tachyzoites, Giemsa stain tdi$riu.Ir:r#n Uliraslrlrture ol a Tbxapl*s,,r;a go.rdiitachyaoite *rFll frrl,i*ni * l,'l:le:!tar Llr{r;iDj*}ilg, {::,rhri{}e Uri;r.rsjiti Frffi Tachyzoite: ' Tachyzoites are (intracellular trophozoites or proliferative forms). r crescent or arc-like shaped with pointed anterior end and rounded posterior,6x2Vm.. ls a rapid replicative form during initial acute infection. r Groups of proliferating tachyzoites within host cells are pseudocyst. r Multiplies asexually within the host cell by repeated endodyogeny. ' Has a central nucleus. ' It can infect nucleated cells. v t tu6l 1444 Tissue cyst:. Occur in chronic infection, size 5 - 100 prm.. Formed when parasite multiplies and produces wall within host cell.. Bradyzoites are slowly multiplying foims seen in tissue cysts. ' Multiplies asexually by endodyogeny. ' Bradyzoites infects tissue and transform into tachyzoites. T, gondii tissue cyst An unstained T, gondii tissue (Bradyzoites) in brain tissue cyst, bradyzoites can be seen Tissue cyst of Toxoplasmo gondii in a cardiac myocyte u / /u6l'1444 Oocyst Seen in cats feces and other felines. Not seen in man. oval orspherical shaped, 10-12 pm, wall has two colourless layers. i The oocyst is non-infectious before SpOrUlatiOn. r Unsporulated oocysts are subspherical to spherical. r Sporulated oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal. r Each oocyst has two sporocysts. r Each sporocyst contains four sporozoites. ' Shedding occurs 3-5 days (after ingestion of tissue cysts) r Sporulated oocyit remain infective for months. Toxo p I a s m q g o n d i i Oocysts. :: t i.l l, ':,ri. ;r;;1,r,.' ;;l,itl:::r;r, f1f ;.1 ,. -,.'*..! *rx," ".1 ,.1';." :,: r&'; _,'. "'r. 'i^,.. ii'n '',.1 ,,:s1 ', i. ?) -.t. ''" ' ,\;fl.' ilij