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Questions and Answers

After ingestion of tissue cysts, how many days does shedding occur?

  • 3-5 days (correct)
  • 7-10 days
  • 1-2 days
  • 10-15 days

    • What is the duration for which sporulated oocysts remain infective?

  • Weeks
  • Months (correct)
  • Days
  • Years

    • What is the name of the parasite mentioned in the text?

  • Plasmodium
  • Toxoplasma (correct)
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Giardia

    • What is the form of the parasite ingested?

    <p>Tissue cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of the parasite that remains infective for months?

    <p>Sporulated oocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome after ingesting tissue cysts?

    <p>Shedding occurs 3-5 days later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Tachyzoites?

    <p>Crescent or arc-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of Tissue cysts?

    <p>5-100 pm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Tachyzoites multiply within the host cell?

    <p>By asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Oocysts?

    <p>Oval or spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Oocysts typically found?

    <p>In cat feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of Sporocysts in each Oocyst?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of Sporozoites in each Sporocyst?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Bradyzoites within Tissue cysts?

    <p>They multiply slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was Toxoplasma gondii first described?

    <p>North Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the rodent in which Toxoplasma gondii was first discovered?

    <p>Gundi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Toxoplasma gondii classified as?

    <p>Protozoan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Toxoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii fully described?

    <p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the tachyzoite form of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Crescent shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii that is infective to humans?

    <p>All stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite being studied in Medical Parasitology?

    <p>Toxoplasma gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum does Toxoplasma gondii belong to?

    <p>Apicomplexa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Toxoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who prepared the Medical Parasitology module?

    <p>Moham med Towfi k Alrnesmary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the university where the Medical Parasitology module is taught?

    <p>University of Tobruk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the class of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Coccidian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subphylum of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Sporozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the faculty that teaches Medical Parasitology?

    <p>Faculty of Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Medical Parasitology module prepared?

    <p>2023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the module system where Medical Parasitology is taught?

    <p>Second YEAR MODULE SYSTEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Parasitology: Toxoplasma gondii

    • Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa with a worldwide distribution.
    • It was first described in 1908 in a small rodent gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi) of North Africa.
    • The parasite is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised hosts.

    Life Cycle

    • The definitive host of T. gondii is the cat, where man and animals are intermediate hosts.
    • The life cycle of T. gondii was fully described in 1970.
    • All stages of T. gondii are infective to man.

    Morphology

    • Toxoplasma (Toxo - arc; plasma - cell) was named due to the crescent shape of its tachyzoite.
    • There are five forms in the T. gondii life cycle: Tachyzoite, Tissue cyst, Schizont, Gametocyte, and Oocyst.

    Stages of T. gondii

    • Tachyzoite:
      • Crescent or arc-like shaped with a pointed anterior end and rounded posterior end.
      • 6x2 μm in size.
      • Rapid replicative form during initial acute infection.
      • Multiplies asexually within the host cell by repeated endodyogeny.
      • Has a central nucleus.
      • Can infect nucleated cells.
    • Tissue cyst:
      • Occurs in chronic infection.
      • Size: 5-100 μm.
      • Formed when the parasite multiplies and produces a wall within the host cell.
      • Bradyzoites are slowly multiplying forms seen in tissue cysts.
      • Multiplies asexually by endodyogeny.
      • Bradyzoites infect tissue and transform into tachyzoites.
    • Oocyst:
      • Seen in cats' feces and other felines.
      • Not seen in humans.
      • Oval or spherical shaped, 10-12 μm in size.
      • Wall has two colorless layers.
      • The oocyst is non-infectious before sporulation.
      • Unsporulated oocysts are subspherical to spherical.
      • Sporulated oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal.
      • Each oocyst has two sporocysts.
      • Each sporocyst contains four sporozoites.
      • Shedding occurs 3-5 days after ingestion of tissue cysts.
      • Sporulated oocysts remain infective for months.

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