MEDA 131 Reviewer PDF

**CHAPTER I** **What is The Media?** - - Broadcasting involves delivering information to the mass public, Narrowcasting is a term that describes delivering information or media to a specific or narrow group of people. **Media as the Sword Arm of Democracy** - **The Media has a Vast Rea...

**CHAPTER I** **What is The Media?** - - Broadcasting involves delivering information to the mass public, Narrowcasting is a term that describes delivering information or media to a specific or narrow group of people. **Media as the Sword Arm of Democracy** - **The Media has a Vast Reach** - **How Does the Media Affect its Consumers?** Framing Priming Agenda Setting **Framing** - - **Focus:** How information is presented and interpreted **Purpose:** Shapes the audience's perception and understanding of an issue. **Example:** Describing a protest as a "fight for justice" vs. a "public disturbance" **Priming** - **Focus:** The criteria used to make judgments or decisions. **Purpose:** Influences what issues are considered important when evaluating leaders or policies. **Example:** Extensive media coverage of economic issues before an election makes voters prioritize economic performance. **Agenda Setting** - **Focus:** The prominence given to different issues in the media. **Purpose:** Determines which topics are deemed important and receive public attention. **Example:** Continuous media coverage of climate change makes it a major topic of public discussion and policy focus. **MEDIA AND AUDIENCE** **How are Stories Selected?** - TIMELINESS PROXIMITY PROMINENCE IMPACT CURRENCY CONFLICT ODDITY - The 1965 research identified 12 themes and grouped them into three categories: 1. 2. 3. **Impact** - - - - - **Threshold** - **Frequency** - **Negativity** - **Unexpectedness** - **Unambiguity or Simplification** - **Audience of Identification** - - - - **Personalization** - **Meaningfulness** - **Elite Countries** - **Elite People** - **Pragmatics of Coverage** - - - **Consonance** - **Continuity** - **Composition** - **Pressure to the Practice** - - - There is no leverage for quality, ethical, and responsible journalism; media owners can fire journalists who, on ethical grounds, refuse to angle stories in a particular way, and, because of the absence of licensing, hire anybody to do media work. **Chomsky and Herman** detailed **five influences/filters that Impact Media Operations:** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - **CHAPTER II** **Understanding Conflict** **What is Conflict?** - **Conflict is normal and is an agent of Change** Scholars and practitioners of conflict resolution tend to recognize that not all forms of conflict can be considered negative interactions. (Rothman and Olson, 2001) Conflict can be quite constructive in stimulating inter-party communication and problem-solving in a collaborative manner. **What is Violence?** - - **Violence is the intentional** use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. Employing force or violence in the name of the nation has been historically manifested in a variety of ways. **In most contexts, conflict will predictably arise when:** - - - - - **Three Types of Conflict** - - - **Surface Conflict** - - - - **Latent Conflict** - - - **Open Conflict** - - - **Labeling Issues in Conflict** - **The superficial labels are symptoms of deeper issues rather than the root causes.** For instance, an ethnic conflict may appear to be about ethnic differences, but underlying causes might include competition for resources, historical grievances, or power imbalances. **Ethnic Labels** - **For example**, a conflict between two groups may be labeled as an ethnic conflict if it involves people from distinct ethnic backgrounds. **Religious Labels** - **For example,** disputes between religious groups over places of worship or religious practices are often labeled as religious conflicts. **Cultural Labels** - **For instance,** disagreements over cultural heritage sites or traditional practices might be labeled as cultural conflicts. **Impact of Labeling Issues** a. - b. - c. - **Common Causes of Conflict** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. -