Med Surge Exam 4 PDF

Med Surge Exam 4 Ph Ranges: - 7.35-7.45 PH lower than 7.35? - Acidosis PH higher than 7.45? - Alkalosis Pco2 ranges? - 35-45 If PCO2 is going in an opposite direction than PH it indicates a? - Respiratory disorder (respirat...

Med Surge Exam 4 Ph Ranges: - 7.35-7.45 PH lower than 7.35? - Acidosis PH higher than 7.45? - Alkalosis Pco2 ranges? - 35-45 If PCO2 is going in an opposite direction than PH it indicates a? - Respiratory disorder (respiratory acidosis) Respiratory acidosis is indicted by a? - Ph less than 7.35 and Pco2 higher than 45 Respiratory Alkalosis is indicated by a? - pH greater than 7.45 and Pco2 less than 35 HCO3 Ranges - 22-26 If HC03 (bicarbonate) is going in the same direction as pH it indicates? - Metabolic problem Metabolic acidosis - Decreased pH, Pco2, hc03 Metabolic Alkalosis - Increase Ph, Pco2, hco3 What is Diffusion? - Fluids move from extracellular to intracellular Hypovolemia manifestations? - Tachycardia, Tachypnea, dehydration, - Low bp - Orthostatic hypotension Hypovolemia medical management? - IV isotonic solution 9 % NS Hypovolemia nursing Interventions? - Fall precaution - Assist with ambulation - Monitor weight - Skin turgor assessment Hypervolemia manifestations - Hypertension - Rapid peripheral pulses - Respiratory symptoms - Crackles in lungs Hypervolemia medical management? - Fluid restriction Hypervolemia complications - Weight gain of 2lbs in 3 days Hypervolemia nursing interventions? - Monitoring weight - Calculating/monitoring strict I & Os - Fall precaution Hypokalemia serum potassium level - 5.0 Hyperkalemia manifestations - ECG changes - Tall peaked T waves - Abdominal cramps - Muscle weakness - Diarrhea - Arrhythmia Hyperkalemia interventions - Calcium gluconate IVP - Calcium administration - IV dextrose and insulin administration Hyperkalemia cause and complications - Inhibit of aldosterone secretion and cardia dysrhythmias Hypomagnesemia level - < 1.6 Hypomagnesemia cause -Diarrhea Hypomagnesemia nursing management - Referral to alcohol abstinence programs Calcium normal values - 8.2-10.2 Calcium and potassium are? - Heart sensitive Hypocalcemia manifestations? - Smooth muscle spasms/ twitching - Positive trousseau and Chvostek sign Trousseau sign pic - BP on arm (spasm induced by pressure applied to the arm by an inflated sphygmomanometer cuff) Chvostek sign - Facial droop Hypercalcemia manifestations - Decreased deep tendon reflexes Hypercalcemia medical management - IV biphosphates - Calcitonin Hyponatremia cause and manifestation - Diuretics and seizure Hyponatremia Nursing interventions  - Seizure precaution Hypernatremia medical management - Limit sodium intake - Monitor daily weight Hypochloremia manifestations - Irritability - Hypotension - Tetany (Charlie horse) Metabolic acidosis treatment - Treat underlying cause - Antidiarrheals Metabolic Acidosis nursing management - Decreased cardiac output related to severe metabolic state Metabolic Acidosis nursing interventions - Monitor hemodynamic status UTI manifestations - Dysuria (painful urination and burning) - Dark foul-smelling urine UTI nursing intervention - Increased fluid intake 2-3 liters per day Urinary incontinence - Involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine in any amount/ uncontrolled Bladder cancer risk factor? - Smoking Dysmenorrhea treatment - Combined oral contraceptive (Progesterone & estrogen) Black cohosh=  - Menopause Cervical cancer diagnosis - Routine screening (pap smear) Cervical cancer treatment - Colposcopy with biopsy BPH manifestation - Weak urine stream/decreased force BPH medications - Anticholinergic BPH Diagnosis - Digital rectal exam - Urinalysis to detect infection or blood Prostate cancer risk factor - Prostate enlarges with age Prostate Cancer teaching - Signs of infection/fever Testicular cancer normal finding - Testicles are darker in skin color than the rest of the body HPV increases the risk of - Cervical Cancer HPV Diagnosis - Pap test - Colposcopy HPV nursing intervention assessment - Presence of genital warts HPV teaching  - Prevention vaccine recommended for age 15-26 Genital Herpes manifestations - Fever, Headache Genital herpes medication - Cannot be taken during pregnancy Chlamydia may be asymptomatic but may result in? - Dysuria Gonorrhea risk factors? - Low socioeconomic stasis - History of STI and PID - Multiple sex partners How is menopause classified - 12 months of no vaginal bleeding Urolithiasis (kidney stone) and UTI complication? - Pyelonephritis What is the turp procedure? - Surgical procedure that involved cutting away a section of the prostate BPH What is cervical dysplasia? - Abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix (caused by HPV) What is Condylomata Acuminate? - Anogenital warts caused by HPV Syphilis medication - Penicillin