Materi Tajwid PDF
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Universitas Negeri Malang
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This document is a guide to tajwid, a set of rules for reciting the Quran. It covers topics like the pronunciation of Arabic letters, lam al-jalalah, and qolqolah, facilitating correct recitation of the Quran. Key aspects of Arabic pronunciation are explained in detail.
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# Pedoman Praktis Bimbingan Baca Al-Qur'an ## Versions - **القرآن** - **تدرية تلاوة** ## Contents - Dewan redaksi - Sekapur sirih - Seputar Al-Qur'an study club - Daftar isi - Pedoman transliterasi ## Chapter 1: Makharij Al-Huruf, Shifat Al-Huruf, Lam Al-Jalalah, Dan Qolqolah ### Objectives 1. S...
# Pedoman Praktis Bimbingan Baca Al-Qur'an ## Versions - **القرآن** - **تدرية تلاوة** ## Contents - Dewan redaksi - Sekapur sirih - Seputar Al-Qur'an study club - Daftar isi - Pedoman transliterasi ## Chapter 1: Makharij Al-Huruf, Shifat Al-Huruf, Lam Al-Jalalah, Dan Qolqolah ### Objectives 1. Students will understand the theory of places of articulation and the characteristics of Arabic letters. 2. Students will accurately pronounce all Arabic letters based on their places of articulation and characteristics. 3. Students will accurately pronounce all Arabic letters based on their places of articulation and characteristics in the Quran. 4. Students will understand the theory of the rules of lam al-jalalah )الله( including emphasis and softening. 5. Students will accurately pronounce the lam al-jalalah )الله( based on emphasis and softening with examples from the book. 6. Students will accurately pronounce the lam al-jalalah )الله( based on the rules of emphasis and softening in the Quran. 7. Students will understand the theory of the rules of qolqolah including minor, major and most important. 8. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of qolqolah including minor, major and most important with examples from the book. 9. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of qolqolah including minor, major and most important in the Quran. ### Places of Articulation **مخارج الحروف** Places of articulation refer to the point where a sound is produced. In phonetics, places of articulation indicate the area in the vocal tract where the airstream is constricted or stopped to create a sound. There are five main places of articulation: 1. **الجوف Lubang tenggorokan dan mulut**: The space between the mouth and the throat. It is the place of articulation for the letter **آ**. 2. **الحلق (Tenggorokan)**: The throat. It is the place of articulation for **ء، ع، ح** 3. **اللسان (Lidah)**: The tongue. It is the place of articulation for **ق، ك، ش، ج، ص، ذ، ظ، ط، ض، ز، ر، ت، س، ذ** 4. **الشفتان (Kedua bibir)**:. The lips. It is the place of articulation for **ب، م، و** 5. **الخيشوم (Pangkal hidung)**: The nasal cavity. It is the place of articulation for **ن** ### Characteristics of Arabic Letters **صفات الحروف** Characteristics of Arabic letters refer to the various qualities of the sounds produced. **Characteristics that are opposites:** 1. **همس Whispered versus جهر Clear**: Whispers are characterized by a soft and weak sound with less air expulsion, while clear sounds are pronounced forcefully with more air expulsion. The 10 letters classified as whispered are: **ف، ح، ث، هـ، ش، خ، ص، س، ك، ت** 2. **شدّه Strong versus رخوة Weak**: Strong sounds involve a more forceful effort, while weak sounds are produced with less effort. Among the 8 letters categorized as strong are: **ق، ط، ب، ج، د,, ض, ذ,, ษ** 3. **إستعلاء (Elevated) versus إستفال (Lowered)**: Elevated sounds involve raising the tongue towards the roof of the mouth, while lowered sounds involve dropping the tongue downwards. The 7 letters categorized as elevated are: **ض، ط، خُصَّ، قِظْ، ضَغْطٍ، ,ج، ح** 4. **إطباق (Closed) versus انفتاح (Open)**: Closed refers to the letters produced with the tongue pressing against the palate, while open refers to the free movement of the tongue without contact. The 4 letters categorized as closed are: **ص، ض، ط، ظ** 5. **إذلاق (Emissive) versus إصمات (Non-Emissive)**: Emissive refers to the letters produced with the tip of the tongue or the lips moving forward, while non-emissive refers to the letters pronounced with the tongue or the lips being held back. The 3 letters categorized as emissive are: **فِرَّ، لُبْ، מִן** **Characteristics that are not opposite:** 1. **صغير (Small)**: Letters pronounced with a whistling sound produced by a quick expulsion of air through a narrow opening between the lips. The 3 letters categorized as small are: **ص، ز، س** 2. **قلقلة (Qolqolah)**: Letters pronounced with a slight vibration effect, resulting in a stronger sound. The 5 letters categorized as qolqolah are: **ق، ط، ب، ج، د** 3. **لين (Soft)**: Letters pronounced with a soft and gentle articulation without any forceful pressure, often with the tongue at a relaxed position. The 2 letters categorized as soft are: *و, ي* 4. **انحراف (Inclined)**: Letters pronounced with the tongue moving away from the normal place of articulation, resulting in a slight shift in the pronunciation. The 2 letters categorized as inclined are: **ر, ل** 5. **تكرير (Repetition)**: Letters pronounced with a repeated vibration of the tongue, resulting in a trembling effect. The 1 letter categorized as repetition is: **ر** 6. **تَفَشّي (Diffuse)**: Letters pronounced with the tongue spreading out, creating a wider articulation of the sound. The 1 letter categorized as diffuse is: **م** 7. **استطالة (Prolongation)**: Letters pronounced with a prolonged articulation, extending the sound for a longer duration. The 1 letter categorized as prolongation is: **ة** ### Table of Arabic Letter Pronunciation (from easiest to most difficult and similar) | Letter | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---|---| | م | مَ مِ مُ بَمْ | مَمِيمًا | | ن | نَ نِ نُ بَنْ | مَنِمَا | | ل | لَ لِ لُ بَلْ | مَلِيْلًا | | ر | رَ رِ رُ بَرْ | مَرِيرًا | | ي | يَ يِ ي بَيْ | يَنَيَا | | ب | بَ بِ بُ بَبْ | بَنَبًا | | ج | جَ جِ جُ بَج | جنقا | | غ | غَ غِ غُ بَغْ | غَنِعًا | | خ | خَ خِ خُ بَخْ | خَنِخَا | | ف | فَ فِ فُ بَفْ | فَنِفَا | | و | وَ وِ وُ بَوْ | وَنِوَا | | ء | ءَ ءِ ءُ بَءْ | أَنَا | | ع | عَ عِ عُ بَعْ | عَنِعًا | | ح | حَ حِ حُ بَحْ | حنحا | | هـ | هَ هِ هُ بَهْ | هَنِهَا | | ت | تَ تِ تُ بَتْ | تَنتَا | | ط | طَ طِ طُ بَطْ | طنطا | | د | دَ دِ دُ بَدْ | دَنِدَا | | ض | ضَ ضِ ضُ بَضْ | ضَيْضًا | | ذ | ذَ ذِ ذُ بَذْ | ذَندًا | | ظ | ظَ ظِ ظُ بَظْ | ظَنظًا | | ك | كَ كِ كُ بَكُ | كَنِكَكْنَ | | ق | قَ قِ قُ بَقْ | فَنِقَا | | ث | ثَ ثِ ثُ بَثْ | ثَنَا | | ز | زَ زِ زُ بَزْ | زَنِزَا | | س | سَ سِ سُ بَسْ | مَسَسْنَ | | ش | شَ شِ شُ بَشْ | شَقَنَ | | ص | صَ صِ صُ بَصْ | صَنصًا | ### Lam Al-Jalalah **لام الجلالة** - The lam al-jalalah (particle of divinity) in Arabic is the definite article "al-" which is only found in the word *Allah* (God). - The rules of pronunciation of the lam al-jalalah are: 1. **Emphasis (تفخيم)**: This rule applies when the lam al-jalalah is followed by a fathah (ـَ) or dhammah (ـُ). The sound should be pronounced with a strong and thick articulation, like the letter "L" in the English word "love." 2. **Softening (ترقیق)**: This rule applies when the lam al-jalalah is followed by a kasrah (ـِ). The sound should be pronounced with a soft and thin articulation, like the letter "L" in the English word "Lily." #### Examples: **Emphasis:** - تِلْكَ أَيْتُ <b>اللَّهِ</b>: "These are the signs of Allah.” - قُلْ هُوَ <b>اللَّهُ</b> أَحَدٌ: "Say, He is Allah, the One.” - فَضَّلَ <b>اللَّهُ</b> الْمُجَاهِدِينَ: "Allah has preferred those who strive." **Softening:** - بِسْمِ <b>اللَّهِ</b> : "In the name of Allah.” - فَلِلَّهِ <b>الْآخِرَةُ</b> وَالْأُولى: "For Allah is the Hereafter and the first [life]." - يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ <b>اللَّهُ</b>: "By it Allah will judge you." ### Qolqolah **قلقلة** - Qolqolah refers to a pronunciation rule for certain Arabic letters that involves a slight vibration or reverberation. - The five letters that experience qolqolah are: **ق، ط، ب, ج, د** - Qolqolah is of three types: 1. **Minor Qolqolah (قلقلة صغير):** This rule applies when the qolqolah letter is **within a word** and silent (has a sukun mark). The sound is briefly stopped and then released with a slight vibration. For example, the word **يَقْبَلُ** (to accept) has a minor qolqolah on the **ق** because the letter is silent. 2. **Major Qolqolah (قلقلة كبير):** This rule applies when the qolqolah letter is at the **end of a word or phrase** and is silent. The vibration is pronounced more strongly than in minor qolqolah. For example, the phrase **"وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ"** (And Allah surrounds them) has a major qolqolah on the **ط** because the letter is at the end of the phrase and is silent. 3. **Most Important Qolqolah (قلقلة أكبرو):** This rule applies when the qolqolah letter is in the middle of a word and it is **tasdid**. The vibration is pronounced with the strongest intensity. For example, the word **"تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ"** has the most important qolqolah on the **ب** because it is tasdid. #### Examples: **Minor Qolqolah:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **يَقْبَلُ** | Yaqobalu | | **يَطْمَعُ** | Yathoma'u | | **مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ** | Mingngng Qobelikum | | **اجْمَعِيْنَ** | Ajema'iiiin | | **ادْخُلُوا** | Udekhuluu | **Major Qolqolah:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ وقف** | Muhciiiitho' | | **وَمِنْ شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ وقف** | Idzaa waqobe' | | **مِنْ حَرَجٍ وقف** | Min charoje' | | **وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ وقف** | Idzaa chasade' | | **قُلْ اَعُوْذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ وقف** | Birobbil falaqo' | **Most Important Qolqolah:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ وقف** | Tabbat. yadaaaaa abii lahabiwwwatab.be' | ## Chapter 2: Rules of Nun Mati (Silent Nun) and Tanwin (Nun with Ending) ### Objectives 1. Students will understand the theory of the rules of a silent nun and tanwin including emphasis, assimilation with a guttural sound, assimilation without a guttural sound, substitution, and omission. 2. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent nun and tanwin with examples from the book. 3. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent nun and tanwin with examples from the Quran. 4. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent nun and tanwin in practice exercises. ### The Rules of Silent Nun and Tanwin - **Silent nun (ن) and tanwin (ـً, ـٌ, ـٍ)** refer to the nun letter that is silent (has a sukun mark) or has one of these tanwin endings. - These rules apply when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by another letter, resulting in varying pronunciations. - There are five main rules: 1. **Emphasis (إظهار حلقي)**: This rule applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by one of these letters: **ء، ه، ع، غ، ح، خ** The sound of the nun is pronounced clearly without any assimilation or substitution. For example, the pronunciation of **"مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِم" ** (from their mouths) is **"min afwaahthim"**, where the nun sound is clearly pronounced. 2. **Assimilation with a Guttural Sound (إدغام بغنة):** This rule applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by one of these letters: **ن، م، ة، ث، ت, د، ث، ط** The sound of the nun is assimilated and merged with the following letter, resulting in a sound that is pronounced with a nasalization (ghunnah). For example, the pronunciation of **"مِنْ هَادٍ" ** (from this) is **"min haaaade" **, where the nun sound is assimilated into the **ه**. 3. **Assimilation without a Guttural Sound (إدغام بلا غنة):** This rule applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by one of these letters: **ر، ز, س، ش, ص، ض, ظ, ض, ق، ك, ل**. The sound of the nun is assimilated into the following letter, but without any nasalization (ghunnah). For example, the pronunciation of **"أَنْعَمْتَ"** (You have favored) is **"An'amta"**, where the nun sound is assimilated into the **ع**. 4. **Substitution (إقلاب):** This rule applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by the letter **ب**. The sound of the nun is substituted with a "m" sound, producing a slight nasalization. For example, the pronunciation of **"الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُم" ** (He who fed them) is **"alladhi ath'amahum" **, where the nun sound is substituted by the "m" sound in **"humm"**. 5. **Omission (إخفاء حقيقي):** This rule applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by one of these letters: **ج، د، ذ، ز، س، ش، ص، ض, ط, ظ, ق, ك**. The sound of the nun is partially omitted, making it a "silent" sound. This omission is called **ikhaa' haqiqi.** For example, the pronunciation of **"كُنْتُمْ" ** (you were) is **"kuñññtum" **, where the "n" sound is partially omitted. #### Examples: **Emphasis:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ** | Min afwaahthim | | **مِنْ هَادٍ** | Min haaaade' | | **أَنْعَمْتَ** | An'amta | | **مِنْ غل** | Min ghillin | | **وَانْحَرْ** | Wan hař | | **مِنْ خَوْفٍ** | Min khouuuuf | **Assimilation with a Guttural Sound:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **كُلِّ آمَنَ** | Kullun aamana | | **أَفَسِحْرٌ هَذَا** | Afasihrun haadzaa | **Assimilation without a Guttural Sound:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ** | Waasi'un 'aliiiim | | **قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ** | Qouman ghoirokum | **Substitution:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا** | 'aliiman hakiimaa | | **يَوْمَئِذٍ خَاشِعَةٌ** | Yauma.idzin khoosyi'ah | **Omission:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **كنتُمْ** | Kuñññtum | | **أَنْدَادًا** | Añññdaadaa | | **يَنْطِقُوْنَ** | Yañññthiquuuun | | **مَنْثُورًا** | Mañññtsuuroo | | **انجيل** | Iñññjiiiil | | **مُنْذِرٌ** | Muñññdzir | ### Idzhar MUTHLAQ - This rule is an exception to the other rules. - It applies when a silent nun or tanwin is followed by the letters * ي * or * و*, in the same word. - The nun is pronounced clearly without any assimilation. #### Examples: | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **دُنْيَا** | Dun_yaa | | **بِنْيَانٌ** | Bun_yaanun | | **قِنْوَان** | Qin_waanun | | **صِنْوَانٌ** | Shin_waanun | ## Chapter 3: Rules of Mim Sukun (Silent Mim) and Ghunnah Musyaddadah (Doubled Ghunnah) ### Objectives 1. Students will understand the theory of the rules of a silent mim (م) including assimilation, omission and emphasis. 2. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent mim with examples from the book. 3. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent mim with examples from the Quran. 4. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of a silent mim in practice exercises. 5. Students will understand the theory of the rules of doubled ghunnah. 6. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of doubled ghunnah with examples from the book. 7. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of doubled ghunnah with examples from the Quran. 8. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of doubled ghunnah in practice exercises. ### Rules of Silent Mim (م) - The silent mim is the mim letter which is silent (has a sukun mark). - Three main rules apply: 1. **Assimilation (إدغام ميمي):** This rule applies when a silent mim is followed by another mim. The sound of the mim is assimilated and merged with the following mim, creating a sound that is pronounced with a guttural nasalization (ghunnah). For example, the pronunciation of **"وَلَكُمْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ" ** (And for you is what you have earned) is **"walakummmaa kasabetum" **, where the mim sound is assimilated into the **م** 2. **Omission (إخفاء شفوي):** This rule applies when a silent mim is followed by the letter **ب**. The sound of the mim is partially omitted making it a "silent" sound. This omission is called **ikhaa' shafawi.** For example, the pronunciation of **"أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوْعٍ" ** (He fed them from hunger) is **"Atha.'ama hummmiñññjuuuu'" **, where the "m" sound is partially omitted and pronounced as a silent 'm'. 3. **Emphasis (إظهار شفوي):** This rule applies when a silent mim is followed by any letter **except م or ب**. The sound of the mim is pronounced clearly without any assimilation or substitution. For example, the pronunciation of **"أَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ"** (You are stronger) is **"Aanntum asyaddu"** where the mim is pronounced clearly. #### Examples of Mim Sukun Rules: | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **وَلَكُمَّا كَسَبْتُمْ** | Walakummmaa kasabetum | | **أَطْعَمَهُمِّنْ جُوْعِ** | Ath.'ama hummmiñññjuuuu' | | **انْتُمْ أَشَدُّ** | Aanntum asyaddu | | **أَلَمْ تَرَ** | Alam tařo | | **بِكُمْ ثُمَّ** | Bikum tsumтта | | **رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتُ** | Robbihim jannnaatu | | **عَلَيْهِمْ حَافِظِينَ** | 'alaihim haafidziin | | **هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ** | Hum khoirul bariyyati | | **لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ** | Lakum diinukum | | **خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً** | Kholfihim dzurriyyatin | | **الْفِهِمْ رِحْلَةً** | lilaafihim rihlatan | | **قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْعٌ** | Quluubihim zaighun | | **فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعَ** | Fauqokum sab'a | | **هُمْ شَرٌّ** | Hum syařřu | | **كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ** | kuñññtum shodiqiina | | **هُمْ ضَلَّوْا** | Hum dlolluu | | **مِنْكُمْ طَوْلاً** | Miñññkum thoulan | | **وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا** | Wa annnahum dzhonnnuu | | **أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ** | Ajruhum 'iñññda | | **عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ** | alaihim ghoiri | | **هُمْ فِيهَا** | Hum fihaa | | **وُجُوْهَكُمْ قَبْلَ** | Wujuuhakum qobla | | **أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا** | Annnahum kaanuu | | **فَمَالَهُمْ لَا** | Famaalahum laa | | **أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ** | Alam nasyřoh | | **رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ** | Robbikum wa rohmatun | | **أَمْهَلْهُمْ** | Amhilhum | | **انْتُمْ أَشَدُّ** | A.añññtum asyaddu | | **رَزَقْنَهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ** | Rozaq'naahumyunññfiquuna | ### Ghunnah Musyaddadah (Doubled Ghunnah) - It refers to a letter that is pronounced with a stronger nasalization or ghunnah. - This occurs when a letter with a sukun mark is duplicated, creating a sound that is twice as strong. For example, the word **"مِنْ قَبْلِكُم"** (before you) has doubled ghunnah on the letter **ن** (n) because it is sukun and repeated. #### Examples of Ghunnah Musyaddadah: | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ** | Minngng Qobelikum | | **كُنْتُمْ** | Kuñññtum | | **أَنْدَادًا** | Añññdaadaa | | **يَنْطِقُوْنَ** | Yañññthiquuuun | | **مَنْثُورًا** | Mañññtsuuroo | | **انجيل** | Iñññjiiiil | | **مُنْذِرٌ** | Muñññdzir | | **أَمْزَلْنَا** | Αnanzalnaa | | **الإنسان** | Al Infiisaan | | **وَأَنْشَرَهُ** | a.afifiisyaroh | | **مِنْ صَلْصَالِ** | Miñññ sholshool | | **مَنْضُودٍ** | Mañññdluuuude' | | **انْظُرْ** | Uñññdhur | | **وَإِنْ فَاتَكُمْ** | Wa.iññnfaatakum | | **مِنْ قَبْلِنَا** | Mingngnggoblina | | **مِنْكُمْ** | Mingngngkum | | **جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي** | Jannaatiñññ tajerii | | **قِنْوَانٌ دَانِيَةٌ** | Qinwaanuñññ daaniyah | | **شَرَابًا طَهُورًا** | Syaroobañññ thohuuroo | | **مُطَاعِ ثُمَّ آمِين** | Muthoo'iñññ tsammma | | **حُبًّا جَمَّا** | Ĥubbañññ jammmaa | | **سراعًا ذلك** | Siřoo'añññ dzaalika | | **يَوْمَئِذٍ زُرْقًا** | Yaumaʼidziññ zurqoo | | **كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْت** | Kalimatuññn sabagot | | **غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ** | Ghofuuruñññ syakuuuuř | | **رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا** | Riihañññ shořshořoo | ## Chapter 4: The Rules of "Al" ### Objectives 1. Students will understand the theory of the rules of the particle of definiteness "al" (ال) including emphasis and assimilation. 2. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of the particle of definiteness "al" with examples from the book. 3. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of the particle of definiteness "al" with examples from the Quran. ### The Rules of "Al" (ال) - Al (ال) is the Arabic definite article "the", used to identify a specific noun. - The pronunciation of "al" is influenced by the following letter. - There are two main rules: 1. **Emphasis (إظهار قمرية):** This rule applies when a "al" is followed by one of the **14 lunar letters**. The sound of the "al" is pronounced clearly without any assimilation or substitution. The 14 lunar letters are: **أ, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ض** For example, the pronunciation of **وَالْأَرْضِ** (and the earth) is **"wal Ardlo" ** where the "al" is pronounced clearly. 2. **Assimilation (إدغام شمسية):** This rule applies when a "al" is followed by one of the **14 solar letters**. The sound of the "al" is assimilated and merged into the following letter creating a stronger sound with a ghunnah. The 14 solar letters are: **ط, ظ, ع، ق, ك, ل, م, ن، و, ه, ي** . For example, the pronunciation of **الْبَصِيرُ** (the Seeing), is **"al-Bashiiru"**, where the "al" is assimilated and the "l" becomes silent. #### Examples of The Rules of "Al" : **Emphasis:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **وَالْأَرْضِ** | Wal Ardlo | | **الْبَصِيرُ** | al-Bashiiru | | **الْغَفُورُ** | al-Ghofuuru | | **الْحَسَنَةُ** | al-Hasanatu | | **مِنَ الجِنَّةِ** | Minal jinnnati | | **الْكِتَابُ** | al-Kitaabu | | **الْوَدُوْدُ** | al-Waduudu | | **الْخَيْرُ** | al-Khoiřu | | **وَالْفَحْر** | al-Fajeru | | **رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ** | Robbil 'aalamiina | | **وَالْقَمَرُ** | Wal-qomaru | | **الْيَوْمَ** | al-Yauma | | **الْمُنَافِقُونَ** | al-Munaafiquuna | | **إِنَّ الهُدَى** | Innnal hudaa | **Assimilation:** | Pronunciation | Example | |---|---| | **الثَّمَرَاتِ** | Ats-tsamarooti | | **والصحى** | Waddluchaa | | **الظَّالِمِينَ** | minadzhdzhoolimiin | | **اليْل** | Minallaili | | **السون** | annnaasu | | **الرَبة** | attaubatu | | **الداع** | Addaa'l | | **والشاكرين** | Wadzdzakiriina | | **الرحيم** | Arrohiimu | | **والزيتون** | Wazzaltuuni | | **الساعة** | Wassaa'atu | | **الشَّمْسُ** | Шавувуатви | | **الصراط** | Ashshifootho | | **الشّـیء** | al-Shay | | **الفعل** | al-Fil | | **الاسم** | al-Ism | | **الظَّرْف** | al-Zarf | | **الحَدّ** | Al-Had | ## Chapter 5: Idghom ### Objectives 1. Students will understand the theory of the rules of Idghom (assimilation) including assimilation of similar sounds, assimilation of near sounds and assimilation of different sounds. 2. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of Idghom with examples from the book. 3. Students will accurately pronounce the rules of Idghom with examples from the Quran. ### The Rules of Idghom (Assimilation) - Idghom (assimilation) is a rule that occurs when two letters, one of which is silent (has a sukun mark), are merged together creating a single, stronger pronunciation. - There are three primary categories of Idghom: 1. **Assimilation of Similar Sounds (إدغام متماثلين):** This rule applies when two letters have the same place of articulation and characteristics. The sound of the letter with the sukun mark is absorbed by the following letter, making it a single sound with a ghunnah. For example, in the phrase * "بِعَصَاكَ" * (with your stick), the mim (م) is assimilated into the following ba (ب) forming a single sound, making it * “اضْرِ بَعَصَاكَ “*. 2. **Assimilation of Near Sounds (إدغام متقاربين):** This rule applies when two letters have similar places of articulation but