Dosage Forms PDF

Dosage forms - API+excipients Drug Delivery systems - uniform release ofdrug -> body Drug-agentfor diagnosis, mitigation,save,theataset and / or prevention REDUCE severitycausative Excipients adjuncts - mactive - or agent additives component, CONTROL improve signs & physical c...

Dosage forms - API+excipients Drug Delivery systems - uniform release ofdrug -> body Drug-agentfor diagnosis, mitigation,save,theataset and / or prevention REDUCE severitycausative Excipients adjuncts - mactive - or agent additives component, CONTROL improve signs & physical characteristics cosmetics- in contact with external parts ofthe placed Food supplement compounding - S symptoms body supplement the diet, contain distant inquedents. NO THERAPENTIC CLAIMS - combining, mixind, or altering ingredients faironed to the needs ofpatients LOCAL & SYSTEMIC EFFECTS ex. hial - general systemic area administration of Topical in tissues distant from the site ofcontact establets, amowles, syrups runs SOND DOSA FRMS PANDERS finely divided, dry form, devoid - sieve number no. ofsquare very openings ofmoistine per inch N. coarse N0.20 coarse moderately coarse Fine No. Y8 G8 N0.88 NO. Vent Fine Compounding ofPowders communition trituration mortar pestle Levigation - pulverization forming paste, #mn solent liquid by intemention- to oclatile substance gummy material - fine mustals mixing trituration Glass-swroth, non porous, FIR MXNG SIMPLE · rough surface. DERABLE Wedgewood-rondher surface, FoR CRYSTALS Parulam spatulation Ex sitting- - using spatula, Dilation Genetic Tumbling - SMALL FOR QUANTITIES ONLY Hurnah sitters, results in light & FlFF FOR POTENT only - - equal volume ofdiment to potentsubstance in mortar large containers rotated by nutrized process TPES OFPowders Bulk Powders Ural Powders-dissolved in water deam & polish teeth pentrifices powders Dusting Powders locally applied, non to - - Donche Powders-dissomed in warm water, for Insufflations brown into body cavity body cavity - triturations dilution ofpotent powdered drugs Divided Powders or chartulae individual closes folded paper in types ofPowder Paper Paper-opaque, no moisture resistance Vegetable Parchment-thin, semiopaque, limited Glassine glazed, transparent, limited MR Bond MR - waxed - GRANULES particle transparent waterproof - paper dry adnegates ofpowder particles size: normal:siene no. 4-12 for tablet formulation:siene no. 12-20 compounding ofGranches Wet Granulation Dry Granulation - - EfterrescentGranules components: Agranulation liquid or binder for moisture sensitive and heatlabile - dissolved in water before use, sodium bicarbonate Citric acid acid tartaric - - sticky crumbly Preparation so released in Fusion WetMethod method TABLETS prepared by molding/compression - Mpes IFtablets Ingestion compressed For tral For oral charable RDT INOT compressed multi cavity Buccal layer ·compression coated - sublingual coated, sugarcoated Lozenges For John Preparation film coated enteric coated Efferrescent Dispensing I compounding Apodemi molded CAPSULES - drug is enclosed in either soft or hard soluble shell, made of GELATIN G Two types ofGelatin: the Type A-manly from pork skin;acid - alternative to gelating or two piece capsules types ofcapsules Hard Relation - am filled components:gelatin, sugar, water moisture content:12%-12% other processing B from bones and animal skins:alkaline regetable capsules Two productofpartial hydrolsis of collagen design:pulmule, spansule * HOMC, hard starch SoftGel piece capsules contain non-adeous liquids, susp., pastes components:gelation, gmuua/strbitol, preservative moisture content:G%-10% - one · SOUD REAL MODIFIE RELEASE based are time, on - drug release & location course features Mpes ofModified Reledle Extended Release Mpes provide desired effectthen gradual release - controlled sustained zer - order first order - independent Delayed Release Repeat Action contains I single doses - Targeted Release - isolated in specific body region ex. colonic tablets, Gastro Retentine PHARMACEUTICAL INSERT suppositories Restal shape dose pullet Hault 29 child - inserted to body writhe Vaginal Pessaries grobular 59 Unetural/Bougies pencil-like 49 male 29 female & size 32mm 1 mm vanes 140mm 70 mm suppository Bases Oleaginous Base-good Greed butter Wecobee witepsul - - exhibits polymorphism from coconut on lauric acid is the Water souble Base Emperinated Gelation Poethulene Guhl Vaginaltablets for metal - major component common for raginal local effects for Implantsprovide continuous release administered patenterally 2x. subcutaneously Pellets Leonor gestuel contraceptive Leprovide metate prostate canner SEM SHID DOJAGE FORMS GATMENTS - emollient, outine, vehicle Bases: ex oleaginous / Androcarbon emollient, - Absorption - · non water yellow/ white occlusive petrolatum, washable Beeswax who emulsions, absorbs H20ex. AndrophiliPetrolatum, less emollient, occlusive Lanolin, USP-anhydrous Water Removable - old emulsion, water washable Androphilic ointment ex. water soluble - - lipid free incorporation ex. PEG ointment said of substances CREAMS * on API dissolved in - vanishing or 10 emulsion base cream-olw cold mean-w/p components Ageous sole emulsion base pleaginous portion Emmsifying agent for stability - Inmentant Preservative GELS - - prevent evaporation - - preventmicrobial growth API dissolved in ageous liquid Jem like, o geling agent Gels phenomend in Thixotropy viscosity, neversible gel-sol formation Imhibition-taking up liquid NO Asize swelling-taking up liquid w/ ↑size Synehesis - - liquid squeezed gel shrinks, = forming XEROGEL PASTES - larger proportion ofsaid PLASTERS - spread on backing PAULTICES / CATAPLASMS - - -> material w/natural plant like Cotton / cotton wool GLYCEROGELATIN - 40% Glycin 35% water 15 % ointments:stiffer material qual PLEDGES than gelation 10% API consistency oils, TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERYSYSTEMS transdermal Patches TDDS Types A monolithic controlled release, skin-systemic - rate controning matrix - membrane controned - rate components Occlusive banking Drug reservoir - Rate membrane film-protect stones and releases control membrane controlling Adhesive layer-ensure Release liner controlling - contact drug drug release the protective strip, removed prior to - use ex. - scopolamine Nitrogeria conidine mistine L - tentanyl - - 1st TDs, motion sickness, every 3 days Prophylactic to Angina pectoris, 1st HON, for every 3 days - or smoking cessation, once daily breakthrough pain, event 3 days Methylphenidate - ADHD, 2h before needed ART, twice weekly Estradio ART, Androderm testosterone - - testoden & upper scrotum body/thighs AEROJOLS - pressurized dosage forms, aid ofliquefied or propelled gas MpeS OFAerosols the air space sprout-remainin for prolonged periods to API surface surfacespray carry - Foams - expansion ofpropellant within an emulsion daily Formulation concentrate Product - APl+Adjuncts · · · Antioxidants surfactants - - stability mist fine solvent Propellant gas develops pressure within aerosol, is value expel product when opened. - MPCS: Liquefied Gas propane, butane, Gas-CO2, N2, N2O Compressed dimethyl ether Parts: Pressurizable container Glass-prone to breakage tin plated steel mostwidely used Aluminum seamless, more inert - Value Assembly Actuator press to activate stem supportactuator - - Gasket - prevent leakage when pressure is released Spring retracts mounting cup-hold value inplace parts Housing links the - - Dip tube bringsthe formulation - FORMS LIQUID DOSAGE single phase systems SOLUTIONS Leaching - - substancesdissolved in solvent solution container sruption solution -> -> container V SOLUBILIT F very soluble Free soluble i 11 sood soluble 10 sparingly soluble 30 Sli V I slightly soluble very slightly soluble 30 - 100 - 100 - 1,000 Insoluble > 1,000 - 10,000 10000 / Diluting Agents water-most common Purified Water-ageous dosage forms water for Injection Sterile Water for Injection Bacteriostatic water for Injection · · · · Sterile Water for Inhalation Sterile water for Irrigation · · Alcohol - so-solvents need with Content Limit <6 yrs. 0.5% 6- 12 yrs. 7/2 yrS 5 % 10% types: USP-94.9% 96% ethanol Dehydrated Alcohol NIT 99.5% vir ethanol Rubbing Alcohol 70% Urethanol Alcohol, - - - Denaturant - Isopropyl Alcona parts acetone, 1.5 methal isobutul ketone 100 parts ethyl alcohol 70% vv isopropyl - o > Glycerin missible with water and alcohol - immectant, emollient, preservative Prophene Glycol Fixed oils - substitute for redetable origin - quite mineral til- for stability eX. corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil classification ofsolutions Ageous solutions ex. Aromatic waters Douches 10%W/ Diluted acids Enemas topical Gardles soln. Monthwashes sweet and other Visid Adeous soln. contain sugar, polyols or polysaccharides - eX. syrups, Linctuses, Honeys, mucilages, sellies Alcoholic or Androalcoholic solutions pure alcohol or mixed with water eX. Elixirs, Tinctures, spirits, Fidextracts Non Adeous solution Other ethereal or oleaginous - eX. Liniments, collodions, leavitamins, Extracts A deals solutions AROMATC WATERS * - Matile oils ageoussold. of Onep: Distillation Peppermintwater, USP Stronger Rose Water, NSP DILUTED ACIDS ~Bilated - Jonc. simple solution Instability:salting out acid with water, 10% Hal-for achorhydria TOPICAL SOLUTIONS - Astringents: locally applied Aluminum metate/Burow sold Calcium HydroxideCoal Tar Anti-Infective Hydrogen Peroxide - - 5% 0.14% 3% Poridone Lodine 10% chlorhexidene gluronate thimerocal- 0.1% - DOUCHES - directinto - 4% body cavity ex Ele douche, ENEMAS - Phanndeal douche, Vaginal douche nectal Mpes: Framation Retention systemic, sulfasalazine MOUTHWASHES GARGLES - or oral cavity pharynx / nasopharynx for - sweet & other risid SURUPS conc.ageous som. of - types simple symp-85% NIV sugar/cudar substitute H20 sucrose in &acromiamnasnommni-laseemiminatens LINCTUSES - API dissolved in base with sugar for coughs and colds HONEYS honey as - MUCILAGES - base trick, risuid, adhesive liquids persionof guminwasreth # Preparations are eX. Acacia mucilage tradcanth mucilage JELLIS coherentmatrixcontains & Uses:mbricant contraceptive - nehicle water potion cone solutions Alwhoi & Hydro anchotic ELIXIRS more stable is syrups Alshol content:57-40% self preserving (< 10%) - TNCTURES from plants APlamont:10% w/ or - chemical candanam-ori n ·raimation Paregric - see camphorated opini Apical desensee Iodine fintune topicalanti infective compound benzointincture protectant - Volatile oils SPIRIT alcohol content:50%-90% Preparation: - solutionAromanmnAmmons Simple are Distillation brandy, FLUIDEXTRACTS - whisky extracts of vegetable Perilnot Nation finchesand - ex. Cascara Sagrada Other Men Aderns solutions LINTMENTS - "embrications" types who counter instant massage Meaginous - drugs COLLODIONS-composed troMhn disoe e MpeS Flexible collodion Cotton+HNO3 +H2SOX cotton / "nitrocellulose/ collodion 31 castor oil 2% camphor soluble gun cotton " collodion Salicylic Acid 10%salichemid ·Flexible collodion OLEOVITAMINS EXTRACTS - Vegetable drugs isolated using Extraction Methods of maceration- soaking, 3 trentmixturethe days Digestion-widenHeto heat water Decoction-boiling Percolation passage - through column Forms ofExtracts place syrupy consistency, menstrum in pilular/said-plasticconsistency, nearly menstrum removed semiliquid Pondered - dry, all menstrum DISPERSED SYSTEMS Dispersed phase undissolved vehicle Dispersion medium-liquid Mpes - collvidal-Inm-0.5m Fine-0.5nm-10um Coarse - 10 nm-50nm removed G SUSPENSION-solid drug particles (suspensoid) liquid vehicle improved stability enhance palatability (suspending medium) mpest s MAGMAS/ MILK Whitish color - eX. suspending Bentonite Magma Milk of magnesia LOTIONS - external agent antacid - application & pink 2X. Calamine Lotion In0 - + color FezOs Lotion InsOx+ sulfurated potash MIXTURES solutions suspension white - + eX. BordenxMixture Karpestate EMULSIONS components - - kaolm CUSO4 Ca0 + +pectate combined two immiscible Internal phase - liquids phase discontinuousdispersed continuous / dispension medium Agent reduce interfacial tension ExternalPhase Emulsifying - - MoeIinwater-non water inoil - & - greasy, internally washable, externally olw/0 or whole water not multiple emulsions microemulsions oil, water, solubilizer - - - 10-200nm diameter -moststable theories ofInmisification - surface tension triented internal forces promote association resisting distortion wedge formsmonomolecular layers, curred -> spherical Interfacial Film-emulsifier forms an (Plastic theory viscosity - interface layer of film surrounding as thin Tougher film stability A viscosity more stable = manon ampsmnanan anmnianir intmnseeminair. FORMS STERILEDOSAGE - absence of living PARENTERALS Routes- - injected through the skin/body tissues all at once infusion IM 90; ex - 150-20; 100%bioavailability bolus - microorganisms - gradually 2mL-5mL vaccines, antipsychotics 90-45; - to loose connective 1.3mLex, or adipose tissue insulin ID-100-15:0.1mL*. Imberculin skin Intracardia - heart test chamber Intral arterial artery Intraspinal vertebral column Intro the cal-cenebrospinal mid Intraarticular Joint space Jointfluid - synovial. near Epidural Intral - Components dura mater ofCNS ofParentials Solvent/ vehicle Ageons Water for Insection pyrogen free - Sterile water for Injection single dose Bacteristatic WF1 multiple dose antimiobial agent:benzylalcohol, notfor aerates - Sodium chloride Insection Non Ageons Alconst - 0.9% NaClin WFl Etmoleate Guerin Propylene Glycol Polyethylene Glycol Isopropyl myristate Fixed Vegetable oils solute PH Butfers-mantain tonicity Adjusters reduce injection pain "NaCl, Dextrose - Preservatives maintainsterility" thimerocal, benzyl alcohol - ofcomponents Inert Gas-prevent oxidation types small volumes-</60mL Ampoules, vials, Large volumes - prefilled syringes, minibags > 100mL Fluid and Electronite Replenisher 0.9%. Sodium chloride Injection Ringer'sInjection - NaCl Nacl+kC1 +CaCl Injection systemic alkalinizer Lactated Ringer's Injection NaCl+kC+ Call + Na Sodium Lactate - - Fluid and NutrientReplenishers D5W-mostcommon Insection dextrose fructose Amino Acid injection for protein synthesis Invertsugar - - renal function in mannitol Injection diagnosticaid OPHTHALMIC - - INHALATIONS external eye topical / intraocular - - IRRIGATION - surface/inside administered directly the eye to the hings dry powders/solutions wash, flush wounds eX. sodium chloride for Irrigation - wash wounds Acetic Add- used in neurologic procedures lactate