Intro To Dds PDF

INTRO TO DDS What is the difference between a chemical and a drug? Chemical: A substance composed of chemical elements or obtained by chemical process. Drug: an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in man or other animals Dosage Forms Drug substanc...

INTRO TO DDS What is the difference between a chemical and a drug? Chemical: A substance composed of chemical elements or obtained by chemical process. Drug: an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in man or other animals Dosage Forms Drug substances are seldom administered alone, but rather as a part of a formulation in combination with one or more nonmedical agents that serve varied and specialized pharmaceutical functions. pharmaceutical Ingredients can serve several functions solubilize suspend thicken dilute emulsify stabilize preserve color flavor fashion medicinal agents into efficacious and appealing dosage forms Secundum Atrem Why use dosage forms? Mechanism for the safe and convenient delivery of accurate dosage Protection of a drug substance from destructive influences of atmospheric oxygen or humidity Protection from influence of gastric acid after oral administration To mask taste of offensive drugs. To provide liquid preparations of substances that are either insoluble or unstable To provide clear liquid dosage forms To provide time-controlled release of drugs To provide optimal topical administration. To provide for the insertion of a drug into one of the body's orifices Provide for placement of drugs into the blood stream Provide for lung inhalation of drugs drug dosage form 1. solid 2. liquid  3. semi-solid solid - sterile prep - liquid liquid - aerosol - semi solid SOLID DOSAGE FORMS TABLET is a mixture of active substances and excipients, UsuaIIy in powder form, pressed or compacted into solid. a.) COATED TABLETS Reasons for coating: To protection of the active ingredients from air, moisture, light To mask the unpleasant taste and odor To improve appearance a.1.) SUGAR COATED TABLETS Are tablets coated with sugar to make it more palatable a.2.) FILM COATED TABLETS A tablet covered with a thin layer of resins, polymers; and/or plasticizers capable of forming a skin like film The film makes the tablets less bulky a.3.) ENTERIC COATED TABLETS Are tablets intended to resist gastric fluid but disintegrated in intestinal fluid There is a delayed release because instead of the tablet usually disintegrate in the stomach, it will disintegrate in the intestinal fluid We use enteric coated tablets when the active ingredient is easily destroyed or affected by gastric pH or acid released in the stomach such as hydrochloric acid, it will nullify the effect of the active ingredient and so we need to coat it with enteric coating. Aspirin (3:00) a.4.) IMPLANT Something that is inserted within A small tablet is prepared for insertion under the skin by giving a surgical cut in the skin and it is stitched after the insertion of the tablet The implant to be inserted should be sterilized, meaning it is pyrogen-free Free of those that will cause febrile reactions It is inserted in the skin especially in the fat depot because we want to have a slow release, the fat helps in the slow release of our active ingredient  The tablet provides a slow and continuous release of drug over a prolonged period of time ranging from 3 to 6 months Small elongated disks Contraceptive pills a.5.) MODIFIED RELEASE intended to modify the rate of release of the drug in the GI tract or gastrointestinal tract it prolongs the effect of the drug and also reduces the frequency of administration of the drug. For example there are some drugs that we need to take four times B sometimes five times a day or three times a day and definitely most patients actually are not compliant because of the frequency of taking the medication so some would miss a dose for a day and that is not good so to improve compliance of patient we usually do we modify the release of the tablets we alter the release of the tablet DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODIFIED TABLETS EXTENDED RELEASE - Controlled release DELAYED RELEASE - released at a time other than promptly after administration After administering, there will be no release of the drug yet REPEAT ACTION - 2 single does, 1 for immediate and 1 for delayed TARGETED RELEASE - The release is directed towards a region of tissue or site of absorption B) UNCOATED TABLET b.1.) EFFERVESCENT TABLETS The tablet contains acid substances and carbonate or hydrogen carbonate that react rapidly in the presence of water to release carbon dioxide b.2.) CHEWABLE TABLETS The tablet which is intended to be broken and chewed in between the teeth before ingestion. b.3) BUCCAL TABLETS The tablet is designed to be dissolved at the buccal/cheeks of the mouth for fast absorption. b.4) SUBLINGUAL TABLETS The tablet are designed to be dissolved under the tongue for fast absorption b.5) TABLET AND CONE SHAPED SUPPOSITORIES The tablets are designed to be inserted into the rectum. b.6) TROCHES/LOZENGES A solid preparation that is intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth. PREPARATION Standard Compressed These are the standard uncoated tablets made by either direct compression or wet granulation or dry granulation or double compaction. Multiple compressed Are prepared by compressing the fill material more than once. Also known as multiple layered tablets, tablet within a tablet. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE SCORED UNSCORED CAPSULE is a small soluble container usually made of gelatin that enclose a dose of an oral medicine or a vitamin Soft Gelatin capsule Hard-Gelatin capsule THIN FILM DRUG DELIVERY A process of delivering drugs t the systematic circulation via a thin film that dissolves when in contact with liquid, often referred to as a dissolving film or strip. Similar in size, shape, and thickness to a postage stamp; placing the strip on or under the tongue or along the inside of the cheek. POWDERS 3 DIVISIONS OF POWDERS Bulk powders Medicated preparation provide to the patient in bulk Usually contain non-potent medicaments Oral Dentifrices  A preparation for cleansing and polishing the teeth; it may contain a therapeutic agent, such as fluoride, to inhibit dental caries. Douches Intended for the cavity Dusting Powders Formulated in sifter-top Insufflations These are medicated powders designed to be blown into the ear, nose, throat or body cavities by means of a device known as an insufflator. Triturations is a preparation of a drug by which the finely powdered, medicinal substance is ground for a certain time in a mortar and pestle with a certain proportion of sugar and milk. Granules Ex. Antibiotic Powders for Suspension Divided are packaged individually – each dose is separately wrapped in paper or sealed into a sachet. LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS - which are the clear liquid prescriptions, and are homogeneous in nature. 1.) Waters 6.) Enemas 2.) Aromatic waters 7.) Gargles 3.) Aqueous acids 8.) Washes 4.) Solutions 9.) Juices 5.) Douches WATERS the major ingredient in most of the dosage forms. it is used both as a vehicle and as a solvent for the desired flavoring or medicinal ingredients. ex. Bacteriostatic water, Distilled water, Sterile water AROMATIC WATERS are medicated waters which are use as flavoring agents, and sometimes for their medicinal values, like cinnamon water. AQUEOUS ACIDS important in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Ex. Acetic acid, Nitric acid, and Hydrochloric acid SOLUTIONS is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. DOUCHES A liquid preparation intended for cleansing vaginal cavity. ENEMAS The injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus for cleansing, for stimulating evacuation of the bowels, or for other therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. GARGLES are aqueous solutions frequently containing antiseptics, antibiotics and/or anesthetics used for treating the pharynx and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargles which is held in the throat. MOUTH WASHES - Use for rinsing or washing the mouth to reduce plaque, gingivitis, dental caries and stomatitis. JUICES is prepared from fresh ripe fruit, is aqueous in character and is used in making syrups which are employed as vehicles. Ex. Cherry juice, Raspberry juice NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS COLLODIONS are liquid preparations containing pyroxylin in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol. are applied to the skin by means of a soft brush or other suitable applicator and, when the ether and ethanol have evaporated, leave a film of pyroxylin on the surface. ALCOHOLIC ELIXIRS- are clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended  for oral use. TINCTURES - is an alcoholic extract (e.g. of an herb) or solution of a non volatile substance (e.g. of iodine, mercurochrome.) SPIRITS - sometimes known as essences, are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances. GLYCERITES are solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances in not less than 50% by weight of glycerin. SPRAYS are preparations intended to be sprayed on the affected area. OLEAGINOUS Liniments - are solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soap or emulsions and may contain suitable antimicrobial preservatives. OLEOVITAMINS - are fish-liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solutions of the indicated vitamins or vitamin concentrates in fish-liver oil. TOOTHACHE DROPS - are preparations used for temporary relief of toothache by application of a small pledget of cotton saturated with the product into the tooth cavity. MEDICATED SOLUTIONS FOR VAPORIZATION INHALATIONS - are drugs or solutions or suspensions of one or more drug substances adminstered by the nasal route or oral respiratory route for either a local or systemic effect. INSUFFLATIONS INHALANTS - consists of drugs or combinations of drugs that, by virtue of their high vapor pressure, can be carried by an air current into the nasal passage where they exert their effect. SWEET OR VISCID SOLUTIONS SYRUPS - It is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars. HONEYS - Are thick liquid preparations somewhat allied to the syrups, differing in that honey, instead of syrup, is used as a base. MUCIALGES - are thick, viscid, adhesive liquids, produced by dispersing gum in water, or by extracting the mucilaginous principles from Vegetable substances with water. Ex. Acacia mucilage, Tragacanth mucilage  JELLIES - are a class of gels in which the structural coherent matrix contains a high portion of liquid, usually water. Lidocaine hydrochloride jelly MIXTURES 1. Suspension - is a two-phase system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid or gas. a. Gels - are semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large inorganic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid. b. Milks & Magmas - are aqueous suspensions of insoluble, inorganic drugs and differ from gels mainly in that the suspended particles are larger. c. Lotions - are either liquid or semiliquid preparations which contain one or more active ingredients in an appropriate vehicle. d. Mixtures - are oral liquids containing one or more active ingredients, dissolved, suspended or dispersed in a suitable vehicle. 2. Emulsion - is a two-phase system prepared by combining two immiscible liquids, one of which is dispersed uniformly throughout the other and consists of globules that have diamters equal to or greater than those of the largest colloidal particles. a. Oil in Water b. Water in Oil SEMI SOLIDS OINTMENTS - are semisolid preparations for external application to the body. Creams – are viscous liquid or semisolid emulsions of either O/W or W/O type. O/W Type = Shaving creams, hand creams and foundation creams. W/O Type = Cold creams and Emollient creams. STERILE PREPARATIONS PARENTERAL dosage forms which are intended for administration using a hypodermic (hollow pointed) needle. discovered by Dr. A Wood in 1853. available as ampules, and vials with rubber head. it is prepared as solutions, emulsions or suspensions which MUST BE * STERILE – free of microorganisms (microbiological tests) * PYROGEN-FREE (test for pyrogens) * ISOTONIC (NaCl usually as the additive) a.) Intravenous  - is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein. b.) Intramuscular - is the injection of a substance directly into a muscle. c.) Intradermal - between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. d.) Intraosseous - is the process of injection directly into the marrow of the bone. e.) Intraperitoneal - is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity). f.) Subcutaneous - is the injection just beneath the skin. b. Ophthalmic - are sterile products essentially free from foreign particles, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation into the eye. c. Otic - are sterile products essentially free from foreign particles, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation into the ear. d. Nasal Solutions - are usually aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or sprays. e. Irrigating Solutions - are used to wash or bathe surgical inclusions, wounds or body tissues. Aerosols are products which depend upon the power of a liquefied or compressed gas to dispense the active ingredient(s) in a finely dispersed mist, foam or semisolid. THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS DRUG - A chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. Can be made up of chemical or derived from natural products Supplements, vitamins, agents, cosmetics Some cosmetics are part of the drug category as it can enhance a certain part of the integumentary system. ANTACID AND ANTIULCERANT Antacid - an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity. Antiulcerant - an agent used to treat or ameliorate (reduce) ulcers or irritation of the GIT. Ulcer - Causes severe upset in the stomach by over secretion of acids and damages the lining of the stomach, it can also be caused by a bacteria (H. Pylori.) Antacids are antiulcerants, but antiulcerants are not antacids because their actions are different from antacids. Regulation of Gastric secretions Parietal cells secrete acid in response to: 1 - Ach (Neurotransmitter): M3 receptors. It is not effective alone 2 - Gastrin (Hormone): CCK2 receptors (Cholecystokinin) Its not approved yet 3 - Histamine (Local hormone): H2 receptors 4 - Proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) WHAT CAUSES ULCERATION Ulceration in the stomach, commonly known as peptic ulcers, is primarily associated with the regulation and over-secretion of gastric acids, particularly hydrochloric acid (HCl). Hydrochloric acid is secreted by specialized cells in the stomach lining known as parietal cells. When we consume food, the release of HCl is beneficial as it aids in the breakdown of food and promotes proper digestion. However, under conditions of severe stress, the over-secretion of hydrochloric acid can occur even without food intake, leading to potential damage to the stomach lining. This excessive acid production, without the buffering effect provided by food, can erode the protective mucosal layer of the stomach, resulting in ulcer formation. Parietal cells - cells responsible for the secretion of acids Why are acids being secreted? ACETYLCHOLINE (M3 - Muscarinic receptors) because it is innervated by neurotransmitter so if there is a stimulus, these stimulus can cause neurotransmission and part of the neurotransmission is the release of a neurotransmitter known as AcetylCholine and this acetyl Coline binds to a cholinergic receptor we call it the muscarinic 3 receptor. our muscarinic 3 receptor so upon stimulus, it innovates for The Binding of your acetylcholine to the muscarinic receptor and when this happens there's the formation of calcium and we know for a fact that calcium activates our protein kinase and when Protein Kinase (PK) is activated it starts up the pumping of proton so our potassium gets in and our hydrogen or proton gets out so constantly there is these protons that are pumped out so if there are a lot of protons and chloride ions extracellularly this equals the formation of the hydrochloric acid. OTHER WAYS HYDROCHLORIC ACID IS FORMED GASTRIN (CC K2 - Cholecystokinin) Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion by binding to CCK2 receptors (Cholecystokinin) on parietal cells in the stomach. This binding activates intracellular calcium signaling, which in turn stimulates protein kinases. These enzymes activate proton pumps (H+/K+ ATPase), leading to the secretion of hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen, increasing acidity. HISTAMINE (H2 RECEPTOR) Histamine, a local hormone in the body, plays a key role in gastric acid secretion, especially in response to certain triggers or imbalances. It binds to H2 receptors on the parietal cells of the stomach, specifically activating the G-protein-coupled G2 receptor. This activation stimulates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP). The increased cAMP then activates protein kinases, which, in turn, enhance the activity of proton pumps (H+/K+ ATPase). These proton pumps secrete hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen, contributing to the acidic environment necessary for digestion. PROSTAGLANDINE Prostaglandins, in some cases, bind to G1 receptors on parietal cells, initiating a similar intracellular signaling process. This binding activates the G-protein-coupled receptor pathway, leading to the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. This enzyme produces cyclic AMP (cAMP), which subsequently activates protein kinases. These protein kinases then facilitate the activation of proton pumps (H+/ K+ ATPase), resulting in the secretion of hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen, further contributing to gastric acid production. Ulcers are often caused by bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, which is why patients are frequently prescribed antibacterial medications to eliminate the bacteria and prevent further damage. Additionally, mucosal cytoprotective agents are used to create a protective layer or film over the stomach lining. This layer shields the stomach from excessive acid secretion, preventing irritation or damage to the mucosal lining and aiding in the healing process. NEUTRALIZING AGENTS (ANTACIDS) If stomach is already acidic, you have to add a base NaHCO3 Sodium Bicarbonate Aluminum Hydroxide AL(OH)3 Mg(OH)2 Manganese hydroxide  CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Although these are used temporarily for ulcers but it is not an antiulcer agent, it's more of an anti- acid, so it's not a treatment you are just treating the symptom Why do you often need to combine such drugs in some cases? Using two drugs together may allow for lower doses of each, reducing the risk of side effects. Sometimes, one drug can counteract the side effects of another. Combining aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide helps balance their side effects—aluminum's constipating effect is counteracted by magnesium's laxative effect. This ensures effective acid neutralization without significant digestive disruptions, maintaining normal bowel function. Mg - Magtatae Al - Ala tae antacid and antiulcerant Drugs Dosage Form Route of Administration 1. Cremalin Tablet Oral 2. Gentacid Suspension Oral 3. Dalycrid Syrup Oral 4. Cimulcer Ampule Intravenous 5. Geltazine Capsule Oral 6. Danitin Vial (Powder for Intramuscular (IM) Reconstitution) Intravenous (IV) ANTIFLATULENT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Antiflatulent - an agent that helps in preventing and treating excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Anti-inflammatory - medicine used to relieve swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation. Drugs Dosage Form Route of Administration 1. Disflatyl Chewable Tablet Oral 2. Zelnorm Tablet Oral 3. Flanax Tablet Oral  4. Movic Tablet, Ampule Oral, IV ANTISPASMODIC An agent used for preventing or relieving or spasms on the stomach Drugs Dosage Form Route of Administration 1. Ascopen Tablet Oral 2. Bentyl Tablet Oral 3. Buscomed Tablet and Ampule Oral & IM/IV 4. Buscopan Tablet and Ampule Oral & IM/IV ANTIDIARRHEALS A substance used to prevent or treat diarrhea When a foreign object or harmful substance, such as bacteria or fungi, enters the intestines, the body reacts defensively to expel these toxins. This triggers an increase in intestinal motility, leading to diarrhea as the body attempts to flush out the irritants rapidly. This reaction is part of the body's natural mechanism to protect against harmful invaders and prevent further infection or damage. Oftentimes, diarrhea is not considered as a disease, since it is a natural mechanism to expel toxins in the body. Antidiarrheal medications should only be considered after experiencing six or more watery stools in a day. They should not be taken immediately when diarrhea begins, as the cause may be unknown. Premature use can prevent the body from naturally expelling harmful substances and may worsen the condition. Identifying the cause is essential to avoid complications and ensure proper treatment. During diarrhea, patients are often advised to take Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) to prevent dehydration. Diarrhea can lead to significant loss of fluids and electrolytes, and ORS helps replenish these essential electrolytes and fluids, supporting proper hydration and bodily functions. Drugs Dosage Form Route of Administration 1. Ercefuryl Capsule & Suspension Oral 2. Furoxone Tablet & Solution Oral 3. Lormide Tablet Oral 4. Diatabs Capsule Oral  Ercefuryl or Erceflora is a lactobacillus, a beneficial bacterium that restores the balance of good bacteria in the gut. This helps fight harmful bacteria, supporting the digestive system and promoting recovery from diarrhea. Lormide, Diatabs, and Attapulgite are medications containing loperamide, which works by slowing down bowel movements. They are used to manage diarrhea by reducing excessive and frequent bowel movements, helping to restore normal bowel function. LAXATIVES AND PURGATIVES Laxatives - are products that promote bowel movements. Purgatives - an agent used for purging the bowels; scaled up laxatives or has an immediate/instant effect Usually the medicine given before surgery, before pregnancy delivery Duphalac is used for babies Laxoberal and Fleet enema are purgatives, while dulcolax, duphalac, and fibrosine are laxatives HAEMORRHOIDAL PREPARATIONS Haemorrhoid — are prolapse of an anal cushion resulting in bleeding and painful swelling in the anal canal. (Almoranas) Haemorrhoidal — are agents used to treat haemorrhoids. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE An agent used for lowering blood pressure. ANTIASTHMATICS Are drugs used for treating asthma EXPECTORANT used for promoting or facilitating the secretion or expulsion of phlegm, mucus, or other matter from the respiratory tract. A dry cough is non-productive, meaning it doesn't produce mucus or phlegm. It is often caused by irritants like smoke, dust, or allergens, and can also result from viral infections like the common cold or flu. It typically feels like a tickle in the throat or a persistent urge to clear the throat. A productive cough, on the other hand, produces mucus or phlegm. It is commonly  associated with respiratory infections like bronchitis, pneumonia, or sinus infections. It feels as though something is stuck in the chest, and coughing helps to clear it. YOU DON'T GIVE EXPECTORANT TO A DRY COUGH MUCOLYTIC capable of dissolving, digesting, or liquefying mucus Used for Dry Cough, Then expectorant is used after NASAL DECONGESTANT a drug that provide temporary relief of nasal symptoms in acute and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. Analgesic - an agent that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness. Derived from the word analgesia meaning pain Antipyretic - an agent that reduces or prevents fever. From the word pyresis meaning fever It is also called Antifebrile or Antihermic ANTIRHEUMATIC an agent for the relief of symptoms of any painful or immobilizing disorder of the musculoskeletal system. Due to Rheumatoid arthritis which is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints Limited walk or run. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) ANTIGOUT — an agent use for the treatment of gout. GOUT - is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. similar to arthritis in that it involves inflammation and pain in the joints. However, it occurs when there is an excessive buildup of uric acid in the joints. This causes intense pain, swelling, and redness, often affecting the big toe or other joints. ANXIOLYTIC A drug that relieves anxiety {prescription drugs ANTIPSYCHOTIC an agent use for counteracting or diminishing the symptoms of a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, paranoia, or bipolar disorder. HYPNOTIC - an agent that causes sleep. SEDATIVE - an agent or a drug that produces a soothing, calming, or tranquilizing effect. ANTICONVULSANT An agent used for the treatment of convulsion ANTIDEPRESSANT a drug used to prevent treat clinical depression. CNS STIMULANTS an agent that arouses organic activity, strengthens the action of the heart, increases vitality, and promotes a sense of well-being. Antiemétics - an agent that prevents or arrests vomiting. Emesis - Vomiting Vertigo - a sensation of irregular or whirling motion, either of oneself or of external objects, often caused by inner ear disease. Antivertigo - an agent use to treat vertigo Parkinsonism - a neurologic disorder characterized by tremor, muscle rigidity, hypokinesia, a slow shuffling gait, and difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and speaking and caused by various lesions in the extrapyramidal motor system. Antiparkinsonian - an agent use pertaining to a substance or procedure used to treat parkinsonism. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES (44) A device, drug, or chemical agent that prevents conception ANTIBACTERIAL An agent use for inhibiting the growth of bacteria ANTIFUNGAL An agent use for inhibiting the growth of fungi ANTITUBERCULOSIS An agent used for the treatment of tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis RIPES Rifampicin Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin If the TB is only new, prescription is only RIP Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic one-celled microorganism (protozoan) called Entamoeba histolytica. Antiamoebics — an agent use for the treatment of amebiasis. ANTHELMINTICS an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal Worms. (Purga) It is also called helminthagogue, helminthic, vermifuge. ANTIVIRAL an agent use for the treatment of viral infection. ANTINEOPLASTIC a drug used to inhibit the growth and spread of cancerous cells. ANTIMALARIAL an agent use for preventing or relieving the symptoms of malaria. ANTIDIABETIC Agent used for the treatment of diabetes ANTITHYROID Agent that suppresses thyroid activity ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC an agent use for the treatment of abnormally high level of lipids, esp cholesterol, in the blood, predisposing to atherosclerosis and other arterial diseases. ANTIANEMIC an agent that increases red blood cells and/or hemoglobin in the blood.