MacroTH_M2-Definition of Tourism and Hospitality (4).pdf

Definition of Tourism and Hospitality Tourism The word Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word "torah" which means studying, learning, and searching Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasu...

Definition of Tourism and Hospitality Tourism The word Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word "torah" which means studying, learning, and searching Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in Western Europe in the 17th century, although it has antecedents in classical antiquity. According to Goeldner and Richie Tourism is the processes, activities, outcomes arising from relationships and interaction among tourists, tourism suppliers, and surrounding environment that are involved in attracting and hosting of visitors. Hospitality The term is derived from the latin word hospitare" which means "to receive a guest". Hospitality it implies whereby a guest who is away from home is welcomed by a host where basic necessities are provided such as food, beverages, and lodging An industry comprises a business entity of food, beverages, lodging or a combination of these businesses to travelers during stay in a destination. The tourism and hospitality industries strongly affect one another. Several associations and industry leaders consider the combined industries of tourism and hospitality as one large industry. The relationship between Tourism and Hospitality Tourism affect Hospitality Hospitality affect Tourism Hospitality and Tourism Promote each other and interact with each other Making contribution to the national economy and promoting the development of the society Hospitality and Tourism cannot be separated An area that has good hotel and restaurant resources can attract more tourists. People are searching for better accommodation and dining locations so the hospitality should be taken seriously. Tourism developed areas have higher demand for the hotel, more tourists need more places to live and relax. These two industries not only can bring income to promote the national economy, but also solve the problem of employment and with the development of the society, human's activities promote the development of many new industries Hospitality and Tourism are two of these industries. Meaning of Tourists In 1937, the League of Nations defined "tourist" as follows: " A tourist is a person who visits a country other than that in which he or she usually resides for a period of at least 24 hours." This was held to include persons travelling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons travelling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a country or a cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours. In 1963, a United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism recommended a new definition of a "visitor" as "any person visiting a country other than that of earning money." This definition covers two classes of visitors:  Tourists: Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be classified as: Leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, or sport Business; Family; Mission; and Meeting; Excursionists: Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay. Visitors are further classified into: International visitor: Refers to any person who travels to a country outside his/her usual environment. Domestic visitor: Refers to any person who travels to a place other than that of his/her usual environment but still within the country. Elements of Travel DISTANCE (*Given Scenarios (Batangas going to laguna)) What must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel or travelling within a person's home community and non-local travel or travelling away from home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence. A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the distance travelled on a trip. LENGTH OF STAY AT DESTINATION The second basic element of travel used as a criterion for defiling travelers is the length of stay at a destination. The definition of tourist and excursionist are proposed by the WTO (World Tourism Organization) is largely teased on length of stay. Tourists are temporary visitors who make at least one  overnight stay while excursionists are temporary visitors who do not stay overnight in the destination that they visit. (3 days, 2 nights) RESIDENCE OF THE TRAVELER The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live. PURPOSE OF TRAVEL The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided into seven: Visiting friends and relatives; Conventions, Seminars and Meetings; Business; Outdoor recreation-fishing, hiking, and camping; Entertainment-theater and sports; and Personal-family, medical, wedding, etc. Others The Nature of a Tour To analyze the nature of a tour systematically, it will be helpful to understand the difference between domestic and international tourism, as well as independent and package tour. Domestic Tourism: Travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no language, currency, nor documentation barriers. International Tourism: involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It is more difficult to travel outside one's country because the country visited has a different language, currency, and documentation  requirements, such as passports, visas, and other conditions of entry to be met by tourists. Domestic Tourism Refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler's country. People find it easy to do so because there is no language, no currency, nor documents barriers. e.g. (You are living in Palawan and you have a field trip in Manila) International Tourism Involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It is more difficult to travel outside one's country because the country visited has a different language, currency, and documentation, such as passports, visas, and other conditions of entry to be met tourist. e.g. (You're from here in the Philippines and you going to Japan/Korea, United States, Paris etc...) A package tour, sometimes called inclusive tour, is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of the individual elements cannot be determined by the tourist. The tour operator, who organizes the package tour purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually obtaining these at a lower price because he or she is buying them in bulk. He or she then sells the tours individually to tourists direct or through travel agents.(group) On the other hand, an independent tour is an arrangement in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or en route during his or her tour. Group inclusive tour (GIT) - He or she travels in the company of other tourist. Independent inclusive tour (IIT) - Is one in which the tourist travels to his or her destination individually.(Soul searching) THE TOURIST PRODUCT In a narrow sense, the tourist product consists of what the tourist buys, in a wider sense, the tourist product is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he or she uses during his or her stay. Characteristic of a Tourist Product Service It is an intangible item. It cannot be inspected by prospective purchasers before they buy as they can with a washing machine, a stereo or other consumer goods. The purchase of a package tour involves a high degree of trust on the part of the buyer. Largely psychological in its attraction It is more than a collection of services such as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. It is the temporary used of a strange environment plus the culture and heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as atmosphere and hospitality. Tends to vary in standard and quality over time A package tour cannot be consistently of equal standard. A bumpy flight can change an enjoyable experience into a nightmare; a good room in a hotel may be spoiled by poor food; and a holiday at the seaside can be destroyed by a prolonged rainy spell. Fixed The number of hotel rooms available at a particular resort cannot be changed to meet the changing demands of tourist during particular season. The unsold hotel room or aircraft seat cannot be stored for another sales as is the case with tangible products. Thus, great efforts are made to fill hotel rooms and aircrafts by discounting the prices of these products at the last minute. The Tourist Destination The tourist destination is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays. It may be a village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country, or a continent. The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factor: attractions, amenities or facilities, and accessibility. Accessibility (Transportation) Accessibility means reachability to the place of destination through various means of transportation. Transportation should be regular, comfortable, economical (Cheap) and safe. Surface transportation includes both roadways and railways through land. It is one of the cheapest means of transportation as compared to other modes of transportation. Air Transportation: is one of the fastest and costliest means of transportation; air transport is mainly used for travelling to long distance destination/places. It has helped a lot, as people can travel long journey as well as they can travel through high mountains. Water Transportation: is one of the oldest modes of transportation through water. It made important contribution to travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology Accommodation It is a place where tourists can fund food and shelter provided, he/she is in a fit position to pay for it. There are various types of accommodation from a seven-star deluxe hotel to a normal budget class hotel. Attraction Tourism activity starts with the attractions. At a place or destination there has to be some attraction only then people or tourists will visit that area. Attractions are believed to be the greatest influencers of all the components. They can make or break a destination. Natural Attraction: Natural attractions are places made by nature itself for e.g., natural beauty, climate, mountains, landscape, flora and fauna, water resources, beaches, wild life, caves, safari etc. Man-Made Attraction: Man made attractions are those Attraction made or developed by humans for e.g., monuments, historical buildings, festivals, music, churches, temples, Disney lands, leisure parks, museums, casinos, discos club etc. Pleasing weather: Fine weather with warm sunshine is one of the most important attractions of any tourist place. Particularly good weather plays an important role in making a holiday pleasant or an unpleasant experience. Tourist from countries with extremes of weather Visit Sea beaches in search of fine weather and sunshine. Due to this many spas and resorts along the seacoasts come into existence. Historical and cultural factors Historical and cultural interest exercised tremendous influence over travelers. Amenities  Facilities are very essential for any tourist centre. They are considered necessary aid to the tourist centre. For a seaside resort facilities like swimming, boating, yachting surf riding and such other facilities like deeming recreations and amusements are very important feature. There are two types of amenities: natural and manmade. Beaches, sea-bathing, fishing, climbing, trekking, viewing etc. are come under the former category. Various types of entertainments and facilities which cater for the special needs of the tourists come under the latter category. Safety and Security Safety and security are vital to providing quality in tourism. More than any other economic activity, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends on being able to provide a safe and secure environment for visitors. Other factors A series of short films on various themes like "being courteous", "cleanliness" and "welcoming a visitor" were prepared and exhibited through a wide network cinema theater all over the country. Slogans like "welcome a visitor- send back a friend" were displayed at various important exits and entry points like railway stations, airports, and seaports. Following the above methods, many other countries launched "Be nice" campaigns. It means that the tourists must be treated as friends. Characteristics Tourism and Hospitality Tourism and Hospitality has special characteristics which make it different from other industries In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer; rather, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it. The products of tourism and hospitality are not used up; thus, they do not exhaust the country’s natural resources. The product of other industries has a limited life and at the end of it are either junked or replaced with new ones. Tourism and hospitality are a labor-intensive industry. It requires more manpower than other industries. The tourism and hospitality industry are seasonal. During vacation seasons, millions of tourists travel, which result in increased revenues for several tourism agencies; but when vacations are over, these companies experience a big decline in dollars earned. The industry is dynamic. It is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of its customers and therefore must be always prepared and willing to adjust to these things. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Tourism and Hospitality has become one of the world's major industries. Both developing and highly developed nations are now taking a closer look at the following potential benefits from tourism and hospitality. Contribution to the balance of payments. Tourism and hospitality can help correct the balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-needed foreign currency in international trade. Dispersion of development. International tourism and hospitality are the best means to spread wealth among countries; thus, bridging the economic gap between the rich and the poor nations. Effect on general economic development. Expenditures by tourists can have beneficial e0ects on all economic sectors and can lead to the development of different industries and other economic activities. Employment opportunities. Tourism and hospitality are a source of employment. It is a service industry, which could have s significant effect on those countries with surplus labor such as the Philippines. Social benefits. Social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the inhabitants of the places they visit. Their social background and their  presence affect the social structure and way of life of the local residents. In the same way, tourists are also affected by the experience so that they often carry with them new habits and a new outlook on life when they return home. Cultural enrichment. Tourism and hospitality emphasize a sharing and appreciation of cultures rather than the lack of trust brought about by isolation. Through tourism and hospitality, we can appreciate the rich human and cultural diversity that the world offers and evolve a mutual trust and respect for one another and the dignity of life on earth, Educational significance. Tourism and hospitality enhance one’s education. International conferences, seminars, and study trips held each year enable people of all nations to exchange ideas, propose solution to problems, and share their concerns. A vital force for peace. A properly designed and developed tourism and hospitality can help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of different races, colors, religions, and stages of social and economic development.