Histology of Basic Tissues PDF

BASIC TISSUES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Body Tissues  Cells are specialized for particular functions  Tissues  Groups of cells with similar structure and function  Four primary types  Epithelium  Connective tissue  N...

BASIC TISSUES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Body Tissues  Cells are specialized for particular functions  Tissues  Groups of cells with similar structure and function  Four primary types  Epithelium  Connective tissue  Nervous tissue  Muscle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.41  Developmental Aspects ofTissue  Epithelial tissue arises from all three primary germ layers  Muscle and connective tissue arise from the mesoderm  Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm  With old age there is a decreasein mass and viabililty in most tissues Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.72 Organs/Tissues are derived from the embryonic germ layers Endoderm lining of the digestive tract and its derivatives Mesoderm muscle, bone, and blood vessels Ectoderm Outermost layer of skin and the nervous system Epithelial Tissues  General Characteristics  Has no or little extracellular material  Has a basement membrane  Avascularized  Tissue layer always has one free surface  Regenerate easily if well nourished Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.42 Epithelial Tissues  Found in differentareas  Body coverings  Body linings  Glandular tissue  Functions  Protection  Absorption  Filtration  Secretion Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.42 Classification of Epithelium  Number of cell layers  Simple  Stratified Figure 3.16a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.44a Classification of Epithelium  Shape of cells  Squamous  Cuboidal  Columnar Figure 3.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.44b Simple Epithelium  Simple squamous Figure 3.17a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.45  Simple Epithelium  Simple cuboidal Figure 3.17b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.46  Simple Epithelium  Simple columnar Figure 3.17c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.47  Simple Epithelium  Pseudostratified Figure 3.17d Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.48  Stratified Epithelium  Stratified squamous Figure 3.17e Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.49 Stratified Epithelium  Stratified cuboidal  Two layers of cuboidal cells  Stratified columnar  Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape  Stratified cuboidal and columnar  Rare in human body  Found mainly in ducts of large glands Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.50 Stratified Epithelium  Transitional epithelium Figure 3.17f Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.51  Glandular Epithelium  Gland  Two major gland types  Endocrine gland  Exocrine gland Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.52 Structure of Exocrine Glands Exocrine Glands and Secretion Types Merocrine – no loss of cellular material Apocrine – part of the cell pinches off Holocrine – entire cell is shed Connective Tissue  Characteristics  Variations in blood supply  Extracellular matrix  Cells far apart Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.53  Extracellular Matrix  Fluid  Ground substance  Fibers  Three types  Collagen fibers  Elastic fibers  Reticular fibers Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.55  Functions 1.Enclosing and separating 2.Connecting tissues to one another 3.Supporting and moving 4.Storing 5.Cushioning and insulating 6.Transporting 7.Protecting Connective Tissue Types  Bone (osseous tissue)  Composed of:  Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)  Hard matrix of calcium salts  Large numbers of collagen fibers  Used to protect and support the body Figure 3.18a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.56 Connective Tissue Types Cartilages  Hyaline cartilage  Composed of:  Abundant collagen fibers  Rubbery matrix Figure 3.18b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.57 Connective Tissue Types  Elastic cartilage  Provides elasticity  Fibrocartilage  Highly compressible Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.58a Connective Tissue Types  Dense connective tissue  Main matrix element is collagen fibers  Cells are fibroblasts Figure 3.18d Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.59 Connective Tissue Types  Areolar connective tissue Figure 3.18e Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.60 Connective Tissue Types  Adipose tissue Figure 3.18f Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.61 Connective Tissue Types  Reticular connective tissue Figure 3.18g Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.62 Connective Tissue Types  Blood Figure 3.18h Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.63 Muscle Tissue  Specialized to contract, or shorten, making movement possible  Three types  Skeletal muscle  Cardiac muscle  Smooth muscle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.64 Muscle Tissue Types  Skeletal muscle - Voluntary, multinucleated, and striated (banded) Figure 3.19b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.65 Muscle Tissue Types  Cardiac muscle - Involuntary, striated, and usually have one nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.66 Muscle Tissue Types  Smooth muscle -Involuntary, not striated, and have a single nucleus Figure 3.19a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.67 Nervous Tissue specialized to conduct action potentials (electrical signals) Neurons conduct action potentials Neuroglia support the neurons Figure 3.20 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.68 Nervous Tissue Figure 3.20 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.68 Neuroglial Cells of CNS 12-62 Tissue Repair - Labile cells - Stable cells - Permanent cells Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.69  Tissue repair involves –Clot formation –Inflammation –Formation of granulation tissue –Regeneration or replacement of tissues In severe wounds, wound contracture can occur Events in Tissue Repair  Capillaries become very permeable  Formation of granulation tissue  Regeneration of surface epithelium Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 3.70  Aging Cells divide more slowly as people age Injuries heal more slowly Extracellular matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers becomes less flexible and less elastic Consequently –Skin wrinkles –Elasticity in arteries is reduced –Bones break more easily Thank you