Solid Waste Management PDF

## M-VIII.14: Solid Waste Management ### 14.1 Introduction: The different types of solid waste include: - Agricultural waste. - Paper waste. - Plastic waste. - Food waste. - Cloth waste. - Glass waste. - Building material waste. ### 14.2 Solid Waste: Solid organic waste in dairy processing fa...

## M-VIII.14: Solid Waste Management ### 14.1 Introduction: The different types of solid waste include: - Agricultural waste. - Paper waste. - Plastic waste. - Food waste. - Cloth waste. - Glass waste. - Building material waste. ### 14.2 Solid Waste: Solid organic waste in dairy processing facilities mainly originates from production processes and includes: - Nonconforming products. - Product losses. - Milk spillages. - Liquid whey. - Buttermilk. - Grid and filter residues. - Sludge from centrifugal separators. - Wastewater treatment. - Packaging waste. ### 14.3 Sources of Solid Waste in Dairy Processing Plants: - Packaging waste: - Cardboard. - Paper. - Cartons. - Plastic. - Organic wastes: - Sludge. - Reject product. - Office waste. #### How Solid Waste is Generated: Solid waste can be generated during: - Processing. - Transportation. - Storage. - Handling. | Category | Type of Waste | Disposal stream | |---|---|---| | Non-organic | Cardboard boxes, paper, slip sheets | Recyclable | | | Plastic wrap | Recyclable | | | HDPE bottles and caps | Recyclable | | | Foil seals | Non recyclable | | | Liquid paperboard | Recyclable | | | Labels | Non recyclable | | | Plastic and metal drums and containers | Recyclable | | | Polystyrene | Non recyclable | | | Office waste (e.g. toner cartridges, paper) | Recyclable | | | Canteen waste (e.g. aluminum cans, polystyrene cups) | Recyclable | | | Miscellaneous (e.g. waste oil, oily rags, damaged pallets) | Recyclable | | Organic | Reject product including in-process | Animal feed | | | Returned final product | Animal feed | | | Raw material (e.g. liquid flavours) | Re work | | | Obsolete or out-of-date raw materials | Animal feed | | | Lab samples and samples for online testing | Animal feed | | | Separator de-sludge | Animal feed | | | Bag house fines, dryer sweepings | Animal feed | | | Effluent sludge | Animal feed / compost | | | Membrane retentate sludge | Animal feed / compost | | | Cheese fines | Animal feed | | | Fat recovered from effluent | Animal feed | ### 14.4 Solid Waste Management - Reducing the loss of materials and improving the rate of reuse, recovery, and recycling of valuable resources is a very important aspect of eco-efficiency. - Economic, environmental, and social incentives for reducing and utilizing solid waste more efficiently include: - Reduced treatment, collection, and disposal costs. - Reduced production costs as a result of recovering and reusing product. - Increased revenue from recovering product. - Increased revenue from new co-products. - Improved risk management. - Improved environmental responsibility. - Improved resource utilization. #### 14.4.1 Biomanagement of Sludge: - Biotechnology Resource Centre, located in Pune, Maharastra, has developed technologies for management of sludge produced by different effluent treatment plants as well as city garbage and sewage. - Wastes from aquaculture and animal husbandry are becoming increasingly severe for industries and municipalities due to waste disposal legislation. - Biomanagement of solid wastes include: - Vermiculture technology. - Mushroom culture. - Growing algae on liquid effluents and aquaculture.