Lower Extremity Muscles PDF

lower extremity muscles Fascia glutea Fascia lata Gluteal muscles gluteus maximus muscle gluteus medius muscle gluteus minimus muscle piriformis muscle obturator internus muscle gemelli sup. and inf. muscles quadratus femoris muscle gluteus maximus muscle O: Crista il...

lower extremity muscles Fascia glutea Fascia lata Gluteal muscles gluteus maximus muscle gluteus medius muscle gluteus minimus muscle piriformis muscle obturator internus muscle gemelli sup. and inf. muscles quadratus femoris muscle gluteus maximus muscle O: Crista iliaca, sacrum, os coccygis I: Tractus iliotibialis, Tuberositas glutea femoris F: flexion of thigh, lateral rotation inferior gluteal nerve gluteus medius muscle O: Os ilium (Linea glutea ant. and post.) I: Trochnater major F: abduction of thigh and medial rotation N: superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)  Gluteus medius priformis Gemelli sup Obturator internus Gemelli inf Quadratus femoris Trendelenburg sign abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis in the coronal plane.  Gluteus medius gluteus minimus muscle O: Os ilium (Linea glutealis ant. and inf.) Gluteus minimus I: Trochanter major F: abduction of thigh and medial rotation N. glutealis sup. (L5,S1)  piriformis muscle obturator internus muscle gemelli sup. ve inf. muscle quadratus femoris muscle F: lateral rotation when thigh is extended adduction (when thigh is flexed) support head of femur Obturator internus muscle supplied by obturator nerve Obturator externus muscle  supplied by obturator nerve.  vessel and nerve Priformis muscle, gemelli sup and inf muscle, quadratus femoris muscle: supplied by nerves come from sacral plexus sciatic nerve passes under piriformis muscle, and can be trapped here muscles of thigh muscles of thigh (anterior compartment) İliopsoas muscle (İliacus and psoas major) Psoas minor muscle Tensor fasciae latae muscle Sartorius muscle Quadriceps femoris muscle (Rectus femoris, Vastus med., lat. and intermediate) Iliopsoas muscle iliacus psoas major psoas minor tensor fasciae latae muscle O: Spina iliaca ant. sup. I: Tractus iliotibialis N. Glutealis sup. F: abduction of thigh, medial rotation, mild flexion at knee joint, tenses iliotibial tract sartorius muscle – longest muscle of the body O: Spina iliaca ant. sup. I: Tibia (med.) N. Femoralis F: abduction, flexion and lateral rotation of thigh flexion and medial rotation of leg quadriceps femoris muscle rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius N: femoral nerve (L2,3,4) F: extention of leg kicking muscle rectus femoris O: Spina iliaca ant. inf., kalça ekleminin kapsülü I: Tuberositas tibiae N. femoralis F: flexion of thigh, extention of leg vastus lateralis O: Linea aspera I: Tuberositas tibiae N. femoralis vastus medialis O: Linea aspera I: Tuberositi tibiae N. femoralis vastus intermedius O: Linea intertrochanterica, Linea aspera I: Tuberositi tibiae N. femoralis femoral triangle  Sup.: Inguinal ligament  Lat.: sartorius muscle  Med.: adductor longus muscle  base: iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus muscles  roof: skin and fascia what structures are in femoral triangle?  Medial → Lateral  1. V. femoralis  2. A. femoralis  3. N. femoralis adductor canal  aponeurotic canal  anterior and lateral: vastus medialis  posterior: adductor longus  superior: Sartorius- vasto adductor membrane  structures that are in: femoral artery and vein, lymphoid vessels, saphenous nerve femoral artery after existing from adductor canal, named as popliteal artery deep femoral artery is a brach of femoral artery muscles of thigh (medial compartment) pectineus muscle adductor longus muscle adductor brevis muscle adductor magnus muscle gracilis muscle obturator externus muscle pectineus O: Ramus sup. ossis pubis I : Linea Pectinea F: flexion of thigh and lateral rotation N. femoralis adductor longus O: Corpus ossis pubis I: Linea aspera F: adduction, flexion and lateral rotation of thigh N. obturatorius adductor brevis muscle O: Ramus inf. ossis pubis I: Linea aspera F: adduction, flexion and lateral rotation of thigh N. obturatorius adductor magnus-minimus gracilis muscle  O: Ramus inf. ossis pubis, Ramus ossis ischii  I: Tibia (sup, med.)  F: flexion of thigh at hip joint, flexion of leg at knee joint  N. obturatorius obturator externus muscle O: Foramen obturatorium I: Fossa trochanterica F: lateral rotation of thigh, supports hip joint N: N. obturatorius (L3,4) n.Obturatorius r.anterior, r.post m.Adductor brevis muscles of thigh– posterior compartment Biceps femoris muscle Semitendinosus muscle Semimembranosus muscle biceps femoris muscle Origo: long head: Tuber ischiadicum short head: Linea aspera I: Caput fibulae function: long head: extention of thigh short head: flexion of leg and lateral rotation N: long head: N. tibialis short head: N. peroneus com. semitendinosus muscle O: Tuber ischiadicum I: Tibia (iç yüzü) F: extention of thigh and flexion of leg semimembranosus muscle O: Tuber ischiadicum I: Condylus medialis tibiae F: extention of thigh, flexion and medial rotation of leg N. tibialis Pes anserinus (“goose's foot”)  anterior to posterior respectively sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus location of common insertation  sciatic nerve (N. ischiadicus)  L 4,5 - S 1,2,3  tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve the further from nerve the better  LEG (CRUS) anterior, lateral and posterior compartments Bacak compartmanları anterior compartment Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus a.Tibialis anterior v.Tibialis anteriores n.Peroneus profundus m.Tibialis anterior F: flexion, invertion of foot and supports medial longitudinal arch N.peroneus profundus Extensor digitorum longus O: condylu medialis tibiae, I: II-V middle-distal phalanges F: dorsal flexion of foot and extention of fingers N.Peroneus profundus Extensor hallucis longus O: fibula, membrana interossei I: distal phalanges of toe F: extention of toe N.Peroneus profundus n.Peroneus communis n.Peroneus n.Peroneus superficialis profundus a.Tibialis anterior posterior compartment Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior a. Tibialis posterior v.Tibialis posterior n. Tibialis  A.poplitea N.tibialis A.Tibialis ant A.Tibialis post A.fibularis lateral compartment Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis n. Peroneus superficialis M.Peroneus longus F: evertion, support medial longitudinal arch of foot N.Peroneus superficialis M.Peroneus brevis F: evertion of foot Fossa poplitea quadrangle shaped fossa inferior: two head of gastrocnemius muscle supero-medial: semitendinosus- semi membraoasus lateral: biceps femoris In the fossa : a.,v.poplitea, n.tibialis Foot dorsal region venous arches great saphenous vein lesser saphenous vein  ext.dig.brevis ext.hallucis brevis N.peroneus profundus  skin fatty pads that absorbes shock waves plantar aponeurosis 1st layer abductor hallucis abductor digitiminimi flex.dig.brevis 2nd layer quadratus plantae lumbricales tendons of flex.dig.longus and hallucis longus  3rd layer flex hallucis brevis flex.digiti minimi add.hallucis lateral plantar nerve is dominant 4th layer plantar and dorsal interosseous muscle axis of foot is 2nd finger