Muscles of the Lower Extremity PDF

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY I. GLUTEAL REGION ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx,  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS sacrotuberous ligament  GLUTEUS MEDIUS Outer surface o...

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY I. GLUTEAL REGION ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx,  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS sacrotuberous ligament  GLUTEUS MEDIUS Outer surface of ilium  GLUTEUS MINIMUS Iliac crest  TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Anterior surface of sacrum  PIRIFORMIS Inner surface of obturator membrane  OBTURATOR INTERNUS Spine of ischium  GEMELLUS SUPERIOR Ischial tuberosity  GEMELLUS INFERIOR Lateral border of ischial tuberosity  QUADRATUS FEMORIS INSERTION Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Lateral surface of greater trochanter of  GLUTEUS MEDIUS femur Anterior surface of greater trochanter of  TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE femur  PIRIFORMIS  OBTURATOR INTERNUS Upper border of greater trochanter of femur  GEMELLUS SUPERIOR  GEMELLUS INFERIOR Quadrate tubercle of femur  QUADRATUS FEMORIS NERVE SUPPLY Inferior gluteal nerve  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS  GLUTEUS MEDIUS Superior gluteal nerve  GLUTEUS MINIMUS  TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE First and second sacral nerves  PIRIFORMIS  OBTURATOR INTERNUS  GEMELLUS SUPERIOR Sacral plexus  GEMELLUS INFERIOR  QUADRATUS FEMORIS ACTION Extends and laterally rotates hip joint;  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS through iliotibial tract, it extends knee joint Abducts thigh at hip joint; tilts pelvis when  GLUTEUS MEDIUS walking to permit opposite leg to clear  GLUTEUS MINIMUS ground Assists gluteus maximus in extending the  TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE knee joint  PIRIFORMIS  OBTURATOR INTERNUS Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint  GEMELLUS SUPERIOR  GEMELLUS INFERIOR  QUADRATUS FEMORIS II. ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH ORIGIN Anterosuperior iliac spine  SARTORIUS Iliac fossa of hip bone  ILIACUS Transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of the 12th thoracic and  PSOAS five lumbar vertebrae Superior ramus of pubis  PECTINEUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS Straight head: anteroinferior iliac spine  RECTUS FEMORIS Reflected head: Ilium above acetabulum  VASTUS LATERALIS Upper end and shaft of femur  VASTUS MEDIALIS Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of  VASTUS INTERMEDIUS femur INSERTION Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia  SARTORIUS With psoas into lesser trochanter of femur  ILIACUS With iliacus into lesser trochanter of femur  PSOAS Upper end of linea aspera of shaft of femur  PECTINEUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS  RECTUS FEMORIS Quadriceps tendon into patella, then via  VASTUS LATERALIS ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia  VASTUS MEDIALIS  VASTUS INTERMEDIUS NERVE SUPPLY  SARTORIUS Femoral nerve  ILIACUS Lumbar plexus  PSOAS Femoral nerve (sometimes obturator nerve)  PECTINEUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS  RECTUS FEMORIS  VASTUS LATERALIS Femoral nerve  VASTUS MEDIALIS  VASTUS INTERMEDIUS NERVE SUPPLY  SARTORIUS Femoral nerve  ILIACUS Lumbar plexus  PSOAS Femoral nerve (sometimes obturator nerve)  PECTINEUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS  RECTUS FEMORIS  VASTUS LATERALIS Femoral nerve  VASTUS MEDIALIS  VASTUS INTERMEDIUS ACTION Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes and medially rotates leg at knee  SARTORIUS joint Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it  ILIACUS flexes the trunk on the thigh as in sitting up  PSOAS from lying down Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint  PECTINEUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS Extension of leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at  RECTUS FEMORIS hip joint  Extension of leg at knee joint  VASTUS LATERALIS Extension of leg at knee joint; stabilizes  VASTUS MEDIALIS patella Extension of leg at knee joint; articularis  VASTUS INTERMEDIUS genus retracts synovial membrane III. MEDIAL FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH ORIGIN Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium  GRACILIS Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle  ADDUCTOR LONGUS Inferior ramus of pubis  ADDUCTOR BREVIS Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium,  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ischial tuberosity Outer surface of obturator membrane and  OBTURATOR EXTERNUS pubic and ischial rami INSERTION Upper part of shaft of tibia on medial  GRACILIS surface Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea  ADDUCTOR LONGUS aspera)  ADDUCTOR BREVIS Posterior surface of shaft of femur, adductor  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS tubercle of femur Medial surface of greater trochanter  OBTURATOR EXTERNUS NERVE SUPPLY  GRACILIS  ADDUCTOR LONGUS Obturator nerve  ADDUCTOR BREVIS  OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Adductor portion: obturator nerve  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Hamstring portion: sciatic nerve ACTION Adducts thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee  GRACILIS joint Adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in  ADDUCTOR LONGUS medial rotation Adducts thigh at hip joint  ADDUCTOR BREVIS Adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in medial rotation; hamstring portion extends  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS thigh at hip joint Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint  OBTURATOR EXTERNUS IV. POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH ORIGIN Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera, lateral  BICEPS FEMORIS supracondylar ridge of shaft of femur  SEMITENDINOSUS  SEMIMENBRANOSUS Ischial tuberosity  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (HAMSTRING) INSERTION Head of fibula  BICEPS FEMORIS Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia  SEMITENDINOSUS Medial condyle of tibia  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS   ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Adductor tubercle of femur (HAMSTRING) NERVE SUPPLY Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve Short head: common fibular portion of  BICEPS FEMORIS sciatic nerve  SEMITENDINOSUS  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Tibial portion of sciatic nerve  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (HAMSTRING) ACTION Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint;  BICEPS FEMORIS long head also extends thigh at hip joint Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee  SEMITENDINOSUS joint; extends thigh at hip joint  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Extends thigh at hip joint (HAMSTRING) V. ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF LEG ORIGIN Lateral surface of shaft of tibia and  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR interosseous membrane  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Anterior surface of shaft of fibula  FIBULARIS TERTIUS  EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS INSERTION Medial cuneiform and base of first  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR metatarsal bone Extensor expansion of lateral four toes  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Base of fifth metatarsal bone  FIBULARIS TERTIUS Base of distal phalanx of great toe  EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS NERVE SUPPLY  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Deep fibular nerve  FIBULARIS TERTIUS  EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS ACTION Extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; holds  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR up medial longitudinal arch of foot Extends toes; extends foot at ankle joint  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Extends foot at ankle joint; everts foot at  FIBULARIS TERTIUS subtalar and transverse tarsal joints Extends big toe; extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal  EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS joints VI. LATERAL FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF LEG ORIGIN  FIBULARIS LONGUS Lateral surface of shaft of fibula  FIBULARIS BREVIS INSERTION Base of first metatarsal and the medial  FIBULARIS LONGUS cuneiform Base of fifth metatarsal bone  FIBULARIS BREVIS NERVE SUPPLY  FIBULARIS LONGUS Superficial fibular nerve  FIBULARIS BREVIS ACTION Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints;  FIBULARIS LONGUS supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joint;  FIBULARIS BREVIS supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot VII. POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF LEG ORIGIN Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur and medial head from above medial  GASTROCNEMIUS condyle Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur  PLANTARIS Shafts of tibia and fibula  SOLEUS DEEP GROUP  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR and interosseous membrane INSERTION Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface  GASTROCNEMIUS of calcaneum  SOLEUS Posterior surface of calcaneum  SOLEUS DEEP GROUP Posterior surface of shaft of tibia above  POPLITEUS soleal line Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS toes Base of distal phalanx of big toe  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS Tuberosity of navicular bone and other  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR neighboring bones NERVE SUPPLY  GASTROCNEMIUS  PLANTARIS  SOLEUS Tibial nerve  POPLITEUS  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR  ACTION Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee  GASTROCNEMIUS joint  PLANTARIS Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint;  SOLEUS provides main propulsive force in walking and running DEEP GROUP Flexes leg at knee joint; unlocks knee joint by lateral rotation of femur on tibia and  POPLITEUS slackens ligaments of joint Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS longitudinal arch of foot Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints;  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR supports medial longitudinal arch VIII. SOLE ORIGIN Medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor  ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS retinaculum Medial tubercle of calcaneum  FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS  ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum  QUADRATUS PLANTAE Tendons of flexor digitorum longus  LUMBRICALS (4)  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS TENDON Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS TENDON Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior  FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS insertion Oblique head bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones; transverse head  ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS from plantar ligaments Base of fifth metatarsal bone  FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS Adjacent sides metatarsal bones  DORSAL (4) Inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth  PLANTAR (3) metatarsal bones Lateral surface of shaft of fibula  FIBULARIS LONGUS TENDON Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON and interosseous membrane INSERTION Base of proximal phalanx of big toe  ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS Four tendons to four lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanx; tendons  FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe  ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI Tendon of flexor digitorum longus  QUADRATUS PLANTAE Dorsal extensor expansion; bases of  LUMBRICALS (4) proximal phalanges of lateral four toes Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS toes TENDON  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS Base of distal phalanx of big toe TENDON Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of  ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS big toe  FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS Bases of proximal phalanges First: medial side of second toe; remainder:  DORSAL (4) lateral sides of second, third, and fourth toe- also dorsal extensor expansion Inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth  PLANTAR (3) metatarsal bones Base of first metatarsal and the medial  FIBULARIS LONGUS TENDON cuneiform Tuberosity of navicular bone and other  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON neighboring bones NERVE SUPPLY  ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS Medial plantar nerve  FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS  FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS  ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI  QUADRATUS PLANTAE Lateral plantar nerve  FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS  DORSAL (4)  PLANTAR (3) First lumbrical: medial plantar nerve  LUMBRICALS (4) Remainder: lateral plantar nerve  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS TENDON Tibial nerve  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS TENDON Deep branch lateral plantar nerve  ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS Superficial fibular nerve  FIBULARIS LONGUS TENDON Tibial nerve  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON ACTION Flexes and abducts big toe; braces medial  ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS longitudinal arch Flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and  FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS lateral longitudinal arches Flexes and abducts fifth toe; braces lateral  ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI longitudinal arch Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing  QUADRATUS PLANTAE lateral four toes Extends toes at interphalangeal joints  LUMBRICALS (4) Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports  FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS medial and lateral longitudinal arches of TENDON foot Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar  FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS flexes foot at ankle joints; supports medial TENDON longitudinal arch of foot Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe;  FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS supports medial longitudinal arch Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe;  ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS holds together metatarsal bones Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe  FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS Abduction of toes; flexes  DORSAL (4) metatarsophalangeal joints and extends  PLANTAR (3) interphalangeal joint Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints;  FIBULARIS LONGUS TENDON supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints;  TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON supports medial longitudinal arch of foot IX. DORSUM ORIGIN Anterior part of upper surface of the calcaneum and from the inferior extensor  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS retinaculum INSERTION By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second,  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS third, and fourth toes NERVE SUPPLY Deep fibular nerve  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS NERVE SUPPLY Extends toes  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS