Understanding Movies, 13th Edition PDF

 LOUIS GIANNETTI Understanding M OV I E S Thirteenth Edition Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Tor...

 LOUIS GIANNETTI Understanding M OV I E S Thirteenth Edition Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Ashley Dodge This book was designed by Senior Acquisitions Editor: Melissa Mashburn Laurence King Publishing Ltd, London Editor: Ziki Dekel www.laurenceking.com Editorial Assistant: Megan Hermida Executive Marketing Manager: Kelly May Marketing Coordinator: Theresa Rotondo Production Manager: Simon Walsh Design: Jo Fernandes Senior Managing Editor: Linda Behrens Photo Research: Phil Moad, David Kent Project Manager: Raegan Heerema Images: Kobal Collection/Picture Desk except AF Senior Operations Supervisor: Mary Fischer archive/Alamy: 10-3a; Archives du 7e Art: 2-3c & d, Operations Specialist: Mary Ann Gloriande 2-25, 2-31d; BFI: 2-14a, 4-2a & b, 9-23a, 10-14, 10-19, Cover Art: BBC 10-24a, 12-28; Collection Christophel: 2-33; Everett Director of Digital Media: Brian Hyland Collection: 2-34, 7-17b; Moviestore collection Ltd / Senior Digital Media Editor: Lisa Dotson Alamy: 5-3; Photofest: 3-13a, 5-25a, 7-10b, 7-13a, b, Digital Media Project Manager: Michael Granger c, 10-29b, 12-12; Photos12: 2-15, 4-20; Pictorial Press Printer Interior: Courier/Kendallville Ltd / Alamy: 1-8a; Ronald Grant Archive: 3-9, 8-32. Printer Cover: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Text Font: Birka, Pisa Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the publication must be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Giannetti, Louis D. Understanding movies / Louis Giannetti. -- Thirteenth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-85616-9 ISBN-10: 0-205-85616-0 1. Motion pictures. I. Title. PN1994.G47 2013 791.43--dc23 2013002337 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ISBN 13: 978-0-205-85616-9 ISBN 10: 0-205-85616-0  CONTENTS Preface xxiv Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1 PHOTOGRAPHY 1 Realism and Formalism 2 The Shots 9 The Angles 12 Light and Dark 17 Color 23 Lenses, Filters, and Stocks 29 The Digital Revolution 34 The Cinematographer 40 Further Reading 45 Chapter 2 MISE EN SCÈNE 46 The Frame 47 Composition and Design 61 Territorial Space 67 Proxemic Patterns 81 Open and Closed Forms 86 Further Reading 94 Chapter 3 MOVEMENT 95 Kinetics 96 The Moving Camera 114 Mechanical Distortions of Movement 124 Further Reading 134 Understanding MOVIES iv Chapter 4 EDITING 135 Continuity 136 D. W. Griffith and Classical Cutting 139 Soviet Montage and the Formalist Tradition 162 André Bazin and the Tradition of Realism 172 Further Reading 192 Chapter 5 SOUND 193 Historical Background 194 Sound Effects 200 Music 205 Musicals 215 Spoken Language 220 Further Reading 231 Chapter 6 ACTING 232 Stage and Screen Acting 233 The American Star System 247 Styles of Acting 265 Casting 276 Further Reading 283  CONTENTS v Chapter 7 DRAMATIZATION 284 Time, Space, and Language 285 The Director 296 Settings and Décor 302 Costumes and Makeup 315 Further Reading 326 Chapter 8 STORY 327 Narratology 328 The Spectator 332 The Classical Paradigm 337 Realistic Narratives 342 Formalistic Narratives 345 Nonfictional Narratives 348 Genre and Myth 354 Further Reading 367 Chapter 9 WRITING 368 The Screenwriter 369 The Screenplay 376 North by Northwest: the Screenplay 383 Figurative Comparisons 387 Point of View 395 Literary Adaptations 398 Further Reading 403 Understanding MOVIES vi Chapter 10 IDEOLOGY 404 The Left-Center-Right Model 411 Culture, Religion, and Ethnicity 419 Feminism 429 Queer Cinema 438 Tone 444 Further Reading 448 Chapter 11 CRITIQUE 449 Theories of Realism 453 Formalist Film Theories 460 The Auteur Theory 465 Eclectic and Synthesizing Approaches 472 Structuralism and Semiology 476 Historiography 482 Further Reading 488 Chapter 12 SYNTHESIS 489 Photography 490 Mise En Scène 494 Movement 496 Editing 498 Sound 500 Acting 502 Dramatization 504 Story 508 Writing 510 Ideology 513 Critique 515 Further Reading 520 Glossary 521 Index 530  MOVIE LISTING 1–13a THE TEXAS CHAINSAW MASSACRE: THE Chapter 1 BEGINNING (U.S.A., 2006), with R. Lee Ermey, directed by Jonathan Liebesman. 1–1a MASTER AND COMMANDER: THE FAR SIDE OF THE WORLD (U.S.A., 2003), directed by Peter Weir. 1–13b BATMAN BEGINS (U.S.A., 2005), with Christian Bale, directed by Christopher Nolan. 1–1b GOLD DIGGERS OF 1933 (U.S.A., 1934), choreographed by Busby Berkeley, directed by 1–14 HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY (U.S.A., 1941), Mervyn LeRoy. cinematography by Arthur Miller, directed by 1–3 HEARTS & MINDS (U.S.A., 1975), directed by John Ford. Peter Davis. 1–15a 12 ANGRY MEN (U.S.A., 1957), with (standing, left 1–4 PARADISE NOW (Palestinian Territories, 2005), with to right) E. G. Marshall, Henry Fonda, and Lee J. Kais Nashef and Ali Suliman, directed by Hany Cobb, directed by Sidney Lumet. Abu-Assad. 1–15b INCEPTION (U.S.A., 2010), directed by 1–5 MR. DEEDS GOES TO TOWN (U.S.A., 1936), with Christopher Nolan. Gary Cooper, directed by Frank Capra. 1–16a RED (France/Poland/Switzerland, 1994), with 1–6 THE SEVENTH SEAL (Sweden, 1957), with Bengt Irene Jacob and Jean-Louis Trintignant, Ekerot and Max von Sydow, cinematography by cinematography by Piotr Sobocinski, directed Gunnar Fischer, directed by Ingmar Bergman. by Krzysztof Kieslowski. 1–7 ALLURES (U.S.A., 1961), directed by Jordan Belson. 1–16b MR. BROOKS (U.S.A., 2007), with Kevin Costner, directed by Bruce A. Evans. 1–8a RAGING BULL (U.S.A., 1980), with Robert De Niro, directed by Martin Scorsese. 1–16c CRIES & WHISPERS (Sweden, 1972), with Liv Ullmann, directed by Ingmar Bergman. 1–8b CONSTANTINE (U.S.A., 2005), with Keanu Reeves, directed by Francis Lawrence. 1–17a DOUBLE INDEMNITY (U.S.A., 1944), with Barbara Stanwyck and Fred MacMurray, directed by 1–9a THE POLAR EXPRESS (U.S.A., 2004), directed by Billy Wilder. Robert Zemeckis. 1–17b KISS KISS BANG BANG (U.S.A., 2005), with Robert 1–9b MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN (U.S.A., 1994), Downey Jr. and Val Kilmer, written and directed by with Robert De Niro and Kenneth Branagh, Shane Black. directed by Branagh. 1–10 JUNO (U.S.A./Canada, 2007), with Ellen Page and 1–18 THE RETURN OF THE JEDI SPECIAL EDITION (U.S.A., Michael Cera, directed by Jason Reitman. 1997), directed by Richard Marquand. 1–11a BLOOD & CHOCOLATE (U.S.A., 2006), directed by 1–19 COACH CARTER (U.S.A., 2005), with Samuel L. Katja von Garnier. Jackson, directed by Thomas Carter. 1–11b WAR OF THE WORLDS (U.S.A., 2005), with Tom 1–20a BRAVEHEART (U.S.A., 1995), with Sophie Marceau Cruise, directed by Steven Spielberg. and Mel Gibson, directed by Gibson. 1–12a BONNIE AND CLYDE (U.S.A., 1967), with Faye 1–20b THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES (U.S.A., 1946), with Dunaway and Warren Beatty, directed by Harold Russell, Teresa Wright, Dana Andrews, Arthur Penn. Myrna Loy, Hoagy Carmichael, and Fredric March, directed by William Wyler. 1–12b THE LIVES OF OTHERS (Germany, 2006), with Sebastian Koch and Martina Gedeck, directed by 1–21a AMERICAN BEAUTY (U.S.A., 1999), with Kevin Florian Henckel von Donnersmark. Spacey and Mena Suvari, directed by Sam Mendes.  Understanding MOVIES viii 1–21b SAVAGE NIGHTS (France, 1993), with Cyril Collard 1–30a MULTIPLICITY (U.S.A., 1996), with Michael Keaton, and Romane Bohringer, directed by Collard. Michael Keaton, Michael Keaton, and Michael Keaton, directed by Harold Ramis. 1–22a THE AGE OF INNOCENCE (U.S.A., 1993), with Michelle Pfeiffer and Daniel Day-Lewis, directed 1–30b KING KONG (U.S.A., 2005), with Naomi Watts, by Martin Scorsese. directed by Peter Jackson. 1–22b THE GODFATHER (U.S.A., 1972), with Marlon 1–31a STAR WARS (U.S.A., 1977), written and directed by Brando, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. George Lucas. 1–22c LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL (Italy, 1998), with Roberto 1–31b STAR WARS SPECIAL EDITION (U.S.A., 1997). Benigni, directed by Benigni. 1–31c STAR WARS: EPISODE II ATTACK OF THE 1–22d LETTERS FROM IWO JIMA (U.S.A., 2006), with Ken CLONES (U.S.A., 2002), written and directed by Watanabe, directed by Clint Eastwood. George Lucas. 1–23a FOUR WEDDINGS AND A FUNERAL (Britain, 1994), 1–33 THE EMIGRANTS (Sweden, 1972), with Liv Ullmann with Andie MacDowell and Hugh Grant, directed and Max von Sydow, photographed and directed by Mike Newell. by Jan Troell. 1–23b DARK VICTORY (U.S.A., 1939), with Bette Davis and George Brent, directed by Edmund Goulding. 1–34a THIS IS ELVIS (U.S.A., 1981), with Elvis Presley, directed by Malcolm Leo and others. 1–24 STARMAN (U.S.A., 1984), with Karen Allen and Jeff Bridges, directed by John Carpenter. 1–34b TRAFFIC (U.S.A., 2000), directed by Steven Soderbergh. 1–25a ALIENS (U.S.A., 1986), with Sigourney Weaver and Carrie Henn, directed by James Cameron. 1–35a MURIEL’S WEDDING (Australia, 1995), with Toni Collette, directed by P. J. Hogan. 1–25b BIUTIFUL (Spain, 2010), with Javier Bardem, directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu. 1–35b SOLDIER (U.S.A., 1998), with Jason Scott Lee and Kurt Russell, cinematography by David Tattersall, 1–26a RUNNING SCARED (U.S.A./Canada/Germany, 2006), directed by Paul Anderson. with Paul Walker, directed by Wayne Kramer. 1–35c DAYS OF HEAVEN (U.S.A., 1978), written and 1–26b CINDERELLA MAN (U.S.A., 2005), with Russell directed by Terrence Malick. Crowe and Renée Zellweger, directed by Ron Howard. 1–26c DARK BLUE (U.S.A., 2003), with Michael Michele and Ving Rhames, directed by Ron Shelton. Chapter 2 1–26d SCHINDLER’S LIST (U.S.A., 1993), with Liam Neeson (outstretched arms), directed by Steven Spielberg. 2–1 MANHATTAN (U.S.A., 1979), with Woody Allen and Diane Keaton, written and directed by Allen. 1–26e RUMBLE IN THE BRONX (U.S.A., 1996), with Jackie Chan, directed by Stanley Tong. 2–2a INDIANA JONES AND THE KINGDOM OF THE CRYSTAL SKULL (U.S.A., 2008), directed by 1–26f A CINDERELLA STORY (U.S.A., 2004), with Hilary Stephen Spielberg. Duff and Chad Michael Murray, directed by Mark Rosman. 2–2b NOTORIOUS (U.S.A., 1946), with Leopoldine 1–27 THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS (Italy/Algeria, 1967), Konstantine, Ingrid Bergman, and Claude Rains, directed by Gillo Pontecorvo. directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 1–28a THE GREEN WAVE (Germany/Iran, 2011), directed 2–3a THE GOOD THIEF (Britain/Ireland/France/Canada, by Ali Samadi Ahadi. 2003), with Nick Nolte and Gerard Darmon, written and directed by Neil Jordan. 1–28b AVATAR (U.S.A., 2009), written and directed by James Cameron. 2–3b THE GOOD THIEF (CROPPED) 1–29 THE MATRIX (U.S.A., 1999), with Keanu Reeves and 2–3c FINDING NEVERLAND (U.S.A./Britain, 2004), with Hugo Weaving, written and directed by Andy and Johnny Depp and Freddie Highmore, directed by Larry Wachowski. Marc Forster.  MOVIE LISTING ix 2–4a LAWRENCE OF ARABIA (Britain, 1962), with Peter 2–16 RUSH HOUR 3 (U.S.A., 2007), with Chris Tucker and O’Toole and Omar Sharif, directed by David Lean. Jackie Chan, directed by Brett Ratner. 2–4b THE HONEYMOONERS (1955), with Jackie Gleason 2–17 SUPERMAN (U.S.A./Britain, 1978), with Glenn Ford and Art Carney, produced by CBS Television. (seated), directed by Richard Donner. 2–5a & b HOUSE OF SAND AND FOG (U.S.A., 2003), with 2–18 HUGO (U.S.A., 2011), with Asa Butterfield, directed Ben Kingsley, Ron Eldard, and Jonathan Ahdout, by Martin Scorsese. directed by Vadim Perelman. 2–19a THE GRADUATE (U.S.A., 1967), with Anne Bancroft 2–6a NAPOLEON (France, 1927), directed by Abel Gance. and Dustin Hoffman, directed by Mike Nichols. 2–6b UNLEASHED (France/U.S.A./Britain, 2005), with Jet 2–19b THE GRIFTERS (U.S.A., 1990), with John Cusack and Li (center), martial arts choreography by Yuan Wo Anjelica Huston, directed by Stephen Frears. Ping, directed by Louis Leterrier. 2–20a MICHAEL CLAYTON (U.S.A., 2007), with George 2–6c LITTLE CHILDREN (U.S.A., 2006), with Kate Winslet, Clooney and Tom Wilkinson, directed by directed by Todd Field. Tony Gilroy. 2–7 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY (U.S.A./Britain, 1968), 2–20b A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE (U.S.A., 2005), with directed by Stanley Kubrick. Ashton Holmes and Viggo Mortensen, directed by David Cronenberg. 2–8 THE INDIAN IN THE CUPBOARD (U.S.A., 1995), with Litefoot, directed by Frank Oz. 2–21 THE 400 BLOWS (France, 1959), with Jean-Pierre Léaud, directed by François Truffaut. 2–9 YOU THINK YOU’RE THE PRETTIEST…(BUT YOU’RE THE SLUTTIEST) (Chile, 2009), with 2–22a & b BROKEN FLOWERS (U.S.A., 2005), with Bill Francisco Braithwaite, written and directed by Murray and Sharon Stone, written and directed by Che Sandoval. Jim Jarmusch. 2–10a GREED (U.S.A., 1924), with Gibson Gowland and 2–23 BIBLIOTHÈQUE PASCAL (Hungary/Germany, 2010), Jean Hersholt, directed by Erich von Stroheim. directed by Szabolcs Hajdu. 2–10b DREAMGIRLS (U.S.A., 2006), with Anika Noni Rose, 2–24a THE BLUE ANGEL (Germany, 1930), with Marlene Beyoncé Knowles, and Jennifer Hudson, directed Dietrich, directed by Josef von Sternberg. by Bill Condon. 2–24b THX 1138 (U.S.A., 1971), directed by George Lucas. 2–11a CUCHERA (Philippines, 2011), with Maria Isabel 2–25 GRAND ILLUSION (France, 1937), with Erich von Lopez, directed by Joseph Israel Laban. Stroheim, Pierre Fresnay, and Jean Gabin, written 2–11b THE END OF AUGUST AT THE HOTEL OZONE and directed by Jean Renoir. (Czechoslovakia, 1969), directed by Jan Schmidt. 2–26a SONS OF THE DESERT (U.S.A., 1933), with Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, directed by 2–12a MYSTIC RIVER (U.S.A., 2003), with Sean Penn, William Seiter. directed by Clint Eastwood. 2–26b THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE (U.S.A., 2005), 2–12b WORLD TRADE CENTER (U.S.A., 2006), directed by with Liev Schreiber and Meryl Streep, directed by Oliver Stone. Jonathan Demme. 2–13a OF GODS AND MEN (France, 2010), directed by 2–26c GEORGE A. ROMERO’S LAND OF THE DEAD (U.S.A., Xavier Beauvois. 2005), with Eugene A. Clark, written and directed 2–13b CRY WOLF (U.S.A., 2005), directed by Jeff Wadlow. by George A. Romero. 2–14a MACBETH (U.S.A./Britain, 1971), with Francesca 2–26d THE ARTIST (France/Belgium, 2011), with Jean Annis and Jon Finch, directed by Roman Polanski. Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo, directed by Michel Hazanavicius. 2–14b MACBETH (U.S.A., 1948), with Peggy Webber, directed by Orson Welles. 2–27 THE GIRL WITH THE DRAGON TATTOO (U.S.A., 2–15 THE DECLINE OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE (Canada, 2011), with Rooney Mara and Daniel Craig, directed by David Fincher. 1986), with Louise Portal, Dominique Michel, Dorothée Berryman, and Geneviève Rioux, 2–28 ALL OR NOTHING (Britain, 2002), with Timothy directed by Denys Arcand. Spall, directed by Mike Leigh.  Understanding MOVIES x 2–29 RED DESERT (Italy, 1964), with Carlo Chionetti and Monica Vitti, directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Chapter 3 2–30 MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING (Britain, 1993), with 3–1b BATMAN BEGINS (U.S.A., 2005), with Christian Michael Keaton, Keanu Reeves, Robert Sean Bale, directed by Christopher Nolan. Leonard, Kate Beckinsale, Emma Thompson, 3–1c CRY WOLF (U.S.A., 2005), with Julian Morris and Kenneth Branagh, and Denzel Washington, Lindy Booth (in doorway), directed by directed by Branagh. Jeff Wadlow. 2–31a HUSTLE & FLOW (U.S.A., 2005), with Taryn Manning 3–2a TEMPTRESS MOON (China/Hong Kong, 1997), with and Terrence Howard, directed by Craig Brewer. Gong Li (white dress), directed by Chen Kaige. 2–31b GARDEN STATE (U.S.A., 2004), with Natalie 3–2b ANY GIVEN SUNDAY (U.S.A., 1999), with Al Pacino, Portman and Zach Braff, written and directed directed by Oliver Stone. by Braff. 3–3a OKLAHOMA! (U.S.A., 1955), choreography by Agnes 2–31c AWAY FROM HER (Canada, 2007), with Julie de Mille, directed by Fred Zinnemann. Christie and Gordon Pinsent, directed by 3–3b AN AMERICAN IN PARIS (U.S.A., 1951), with Sarah Polley. Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron, choreography by 2–31d ZABRISKIE POINT (U.S.A., 1970), with Daria Kelly, score by George Gershwin, directed by Halprin and Rod Taylor, directed by Vincente Minnelli. Michelangelo Antonioni. 3–3c SEVEN BRIDES FOR SEVEN BROTHERS (U.S.A., 2–32 PERSONA (Sweden, 1966), with Liv Ullmann, 1954), with Jacques D’Amboise (flying aloft), written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. choreography by Michael Kidd, directed by Stanley Donen. 2–33a THE GOLD RUSH (U.S.A., 1925), with Charles Chaplin and Georgia Hale, directed by Chaplin. 3–4 ENTER THE DRAGON (Hong Kong, 1973), with Bruce Lee (dark trousers), directed by Robert Clouse. 2–33b CITY LIGHTS (U.S.A., 1931), with Charles Chaplin, directed by Chaplin. 3–5a SHALL WE DANCE? (Japan, 1997), with Koji Yakusyo, directed by Masayuki Suo. 2–34 MRS. SOFFEL (U.S.A., 1984), with Diane Keaton, directed by Gillian Armstrong. 3–5b THE AVENGERS (U.S.A., 2012), with Robert Downey Jr., written and directed by Joss Whedon. 2–35 THE GARDEN OF THE FINZI-CONTINIS (Italy, 3–6a X2: X-MEN UNITED (U.S.A., 2003), with Hugh 1970), with Dominique Sanda, directed by Jackman (flying aloft), directed by Bryan Singer. Vittorio De Sica. 3–6b THE NINTH GATE (France/Spain/U.S.A., 2000), with 2–36 THE WEATHER MAN (U.S.A., 2005), with Johnny Depp, directed by Roman Polanski. Michael Caine and Nicolas Cage, directed by Gore Verbinski. 3–6c RUN LOLA RUN (Germany, 1998), with Franka Potente, directed by Tom Tykwer. 2–37a THE BRAVE ONE (U.S.A., 2007), with Jodie Foster, directed by Neil Jordan. 3–7 RED EYE (U.S.A., 2005), with Rachel McAdams and Cillian Murphy, directed by Wes Craven. 2–37b HOSPITALITÉ (Japan, 2010), directed by Koji Fukada. 3–8a THE STUNT MAN (U.S.A., 1980), directed by Richard Rush. 2–38 FULL METAL JACKET (Britain/U.S.A., 1987), directed by Stanley Kubrick. 3–8b THE WILD CHILD (France, 1969), with Jean-Pierre Cargol, directed by François Truffaut. 2–39a PIECES OF APRIL (U.S.A., 2003), with Katie Holmes, written and directed by Peter Hedges. 3–9 HAMLET (U.S.A./Britain/Italy, 1990), with Glenn Close and Mel Gibson, directed by 2–39b A NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET (U.S.A., 1984), with Franco Zeffirelli. Robert Englund, directed by Wes Craven. 3–10 FOLLOW THE FLEET (U.S.A., 1936), with Fred Astaire 2–40 M (Germany, 1931), with Peter Lorre, directed by and Ginger Rogers, choreography by Astaire and Fritz Lang. Hermes Pan, directed by Mark Sandrich.  MOVIE LISTING xi 3–11 TWO TARS (U.S.A., 1928), with Oliver Hardy and 3–26a PERSEPOLIS (France/U.S.A., 2007), directed by Stan Laurel, directed by James Parrott. Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud. 3–12a FRANTIC (U.S.A., 1988), with Harrison Ford, 3–26b THE GREEN WAVE (Germany/Iran, 2011), directed directed by Roman Polanski. by Ali Samadi Ahadi. 3–12b THE MAN FROM NOWHERE (South Korea, 2010), 3–27a THE POLAR EXPRESS (U.S.A., 2004), voiced by Tom directed by Jeong-Beom Lee. Hanks, directed by Robert Zemeckis. 3–13 YOJIMBO (Japan, 1961), directed by 3–27b BEOWULF (U.S.A., 2007), with Angelina Jolie and Akira Kurosawa. Ray Winstone, directed by Robert Zemeckis. 3–14 THE FRENCH CONNECTION (U.S.A., 1971), directed 3–28a TIM BURTON’S CORPSE BRIDE (U.S.A., 2005), by William Friedkin. directed by Mike Johnson and Tim Burton. 3–15a & b THE HUNTED (U.S.A., 2002), with Tommy 3–28b CHICKEN RUN (Britain, 2000), directed by Peter Lee Jones and Benicio Del Toro, directed by Lord and Nick Park. William Friedkin. 3–29 SHREK (U.S.A., 2001), special effects by Pacific 3–16 HOME BY CHRISTMAS (New Zealand, 2010), Data Images, directed by Andrew Adamson and directed by Gaylene Preston. Vicky Jenson. 3–17 FORREST GUMP (U.S.A., 1994), with Tom Hanks, 3–30 TOM JONES (Britain, 1963), with George Cooper, directed by Robert Zemeckis. Albert Finney, and Joyce Redman, directed by Tony Richardson. 3–18 CABARET (U.S.A., 1972), with Joel Grey, choreographed and directed by Bob Fosse. 3–31a WITHOUT LIMITS (U.S.A., 1998), with Billy Crudup, directed by Robert Towne. 3–19 CROUCHING TIGER, HIDDEN DRAGON (Hong Kong/Taiwan/U.S.A., 2000), with Michelle Yeoh, 3–31b THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS (U.S.A., 1992), with choreography by Yuen Wo Ping, directed by Daniel Day-Lewis, directed by Michael Mann. Ang Lee. 3–31c GLORY (U.S.A., 1989), directed by Edward Zwick. 3–20 SINGIN’ IN THE RAIN (U.S.A., 1952), with Cyd Charisse and Gene Kelly, choreographed by Kelly, 3–32 HAIR (U.S.A., 1979), choreography by Twyla Tharp, directed by Kelly and Stanley Donen. directed by Milos Forman. 3–21 GONE WITH THE WIND (U.S.A., 1939), with Vivien 3–33 VIRIDIANA (Mexico/Spain, 1961), directed by Leigh, directed by Victor Fleming. Luis Buñuel. 3–22a STRICTLY BALLROOM (Australia, 1992), with Paul Mercurio and Tara Morice, directed by Baz Lurhmann. 3–22b TAKE THE LEAD (U.S.A., 2006), with Antonio Chapter 4 Banderas, directed by Liz Friedlander. 4–1a THE DEER HUNTER (U.S.A., 1978), with Meryl 3–22c VANITY FAIR (Britain, 2004), with Jonathan Rhys Streep and Robert De Niro, directed by Meyers and Reese Witherspoon, directed by Michael Cimino. Mira Nair. 4–1b ZODIAC (U.S.A., 2007), with Robert Downey Jr. and 3–23a BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY (U.S.A., 1989), with Jake Gyllenhaal, directed by David Fincher. Tom Cruise, directed by Oliver Stone. 4–1c MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE III (U.S.A., 2006), with 3–23b AMISTAD (U.S.A., 1997), with Djimon Hounsou, Tom Cruise and Michelle Monaghan, directed by directed by Steven Spielberg. J. J. Abrams. 3–24 GANGS OF NEW YORK (U.S.A., 2001), with Daniel 4–2 THE MAKIOKA SISTERS (Japan, 1985), directed by Day-Lewis and Leonardo DiCaprio, directed by Kon Ichikawa. Martin Scorsese. 4–4a THE ARRIVAL OF A TRAIN (France, 1895), directed 3–25 FLYBOYS (U.S.A., 2006), directed by Tony Bill. by Louis and Auguste Lumière.  Understanding MOVIES xii 4–4b A TRIP TO THE MOON (France, 1902), directed by 4–18a WEST SIDE STORY (U.S.A., 1961), directed by Robert Georges Méliès. Wise and Jerome Robbins. 4–5 THE BIRTH OF A NATION (U.S.A., 1915), directed by 4–18b THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA (U.S.A., 2004), D. W. Griffith. with Emmy Rossum and Gerard Butler, directed by Joel Schumacher. 4–6 THIRTY-TWO SHORT FILMS ABOUT GLENN GOULD (Canada, 1994), with Colm Feore, directed by 4–19a DEAD MEN DON’T WEAR PLAID (U.S.A., 1982), with François Girard. Steve Martin and Carl Reiner (bald pate), directed by Reiner. 4–7 FUGUE (Germany, 1920), directed by Hans Richter. 4–8 FAT CITY (U.S.A., 1972), directed by John Huston. 4–19b CLOVERFIELD (U.S.A., 2008), with Lizzy Caplan and Michael Stahl-David, directed by Matt Reeves. 4–9b ROCKY BALBOA (U.S.A., 2006), with Sylvester Stallone, written and directed by Stallone. 4–20 LIFEBOAT (U.S.A., 1944), directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 4–10a IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE (U.S.A., 1946), with James Stewart, directed by Frank Capra. 4–21a MOULIN ROUGE (U.S.A., 2001), with Nicole Kidman and Ewan McGregor, directed by Baz Luhrmann. 4–10b THE FAMILY STONE (U.S.A., 2005), with Rachel McAdams and Diane Keaton, written and directed 4–21b THE BOURNE SUPREMACY (U.S.A., 2004), with by Thomas Bezucha. Matt Damon and Franka Potente, directed by Paul Greengrass. 4–11a & b PULP FICTION (U.S.A., 1994), with John Travolta and Uma Thurman, written and directed by 4–22 REAR WINDOW (U.S.A., 1954), directed by Quentin Tarantino. Alfred Hitchcock. 4–11c GLADIATOR (U.S.A., 2000), with Russell Crowe, 4–23 POTEMKIN (Soviet Union, 1925), directed by directed by Ridley Scott. Sergei Eisenstein. 4–11d GOODFELLAS (U.S.A., 1990), with Lorraine Bracco 4–24 HIGH NOON (U.S.A., 1952), with Gary Cooper and and Ray Liotta, directed by Martin Scorsese. Lloyd Bridges, directed by Fred Zinnemann. 4–12a & b POSSESSION (U.S.A., 2002), with Gwyneth 4–25 DOG DAY AFTERNOON (U.S.A., 1975), with Al Paltrow and Aaron Eckhart (a), and Jennifer Ehle Pacino, directed by Sidney Lumet. and Jeremy Northam (b), directed by Neil LaBute. 4–26 NO COUNTRY FOR OLD MEN (U.S.A., 2007), with 4–12c THE NIGHT OF THE SHOOTING STARS (Italy, 1982), Javier Bardem, written and directed by Joel and directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. Ethan Coen. 4–13a & b L’AVVENTURA (Italy, 1960), with Monica Vitti, 4–27a THE SORROW AND THE PITY (France/Switzerland/ directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. W. Germany, 1970), directed by Marcel Ophüls. 4–14 THE LAST PICTURE SHOW (U.S.A., 1971), with Cybill Shepherd and Ellen Burstyn, directed by 4–27b LOOKING FOR RICHARD (U.S.A., 1996), with Al Pacino, directed by Pacino. Peter Bogdanovich. 4–15a THE 4TH MAN (Holland, 1984), with Jeroen Krabbé, 4–28 SAFETY LAST (U.S.A., 1923), with Harold Lloyd, directed by Paul Verhoeven. directed by Fred Newmeyer and Sam Taylor. 4–15b ROYAL WEDDING (U.S.A., 1951), with Fred Astaire, 4–29 UTAMARO AND HIS FIVE WOMEN (Japan, 1955), directed by Stanley Donen. directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. 4–16a, b, c WOMEN ON THE VERGE OF A NERVOUS 4–30 CLERKS (U.S.A., 1994), with Jeff Anderson and BREAKDOWN (Spain, 1988), with Carmen Maura, Brian O’Halloran, written, edited, and directed by directed by Pedro Almodóvar. Kevin Smith. 4–17a & b FLASHDANCE (U.S.A., 1983), with Jennifer Beals, 4–31 AMÉLIE (France, 2001), with Audrey Tautou, directed by Adrian Lyne. directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. 4–17c THE BRAVE ONE (U.S.A., 2007), with Jodie Foster, 4–32 STRANGER THAN PARADISE (U.S.A., 1984), directed directed by Neil Jordan. by Jim Jarmusch.  MOVIE LISTING xiii 4–33 THE STRAIGHT STORY (U.S.A., 1999), with Richard 5–10 THE EXORCIST (U.S.A., 1973), with Linda Blair, Farnsworth, directed by David Lynch. Max von Sydow, and Jason Miller, directed by William Friedkin. 4–34 A VERY LONG ENGAGEMENT (France, 2004), directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. 5–11 THE OTHERS (Spain/U.S.A., 2001), with Nicole Kidman, written and directed by 4–35 THE INNOCENTS (Britain, 1961), with Deborah Kerr, Alejandro Amenábar. directed by Jack Clayton. 5–12 SATURDAY NIGHT FEVER (U.S.A., 1977), with 4–36 ANNIE HALL (U.S.A., 1977), with Woody Allen and Karen Lynn Gorney and John Travolta, directed by Diane Keaton, edited by Ralph Rosenblum, written John Badham. and directed by Allen. 5–13 APOCALYPSE NOW (U.S.A., 1979), directed by 4–37 THE WILD BUNCH (U.S.A., 1969), directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Sam Peckinpah. 5–14a DO THE RIGHT THING (U.S.A., 1989), with Spike Lee and Danny Aiello, written and directed by Lee. 5–14b SCHOOL OF ROCK (U.S.A., 2003), with Jack Black, written by Mike White, directed by Chapter 5 Richard Linklater. 5–15 ALEXANDER NEVSKY (Soviet Union, 1938), music by 5–1 THE JAZZ SINGER (U.S.A., 1927), with Al Jolson, Sergei Prokofiev, directed by Sergei Eisenstein. directed by Alan Crosland. 5–16a THE PIANIST (Poland/France/Britain/Germany, 5–2 SCARFACE, SHAME OF A NATION (U.S.A., 1932), 2002), with Adrien Brody, directed by with Paul Muni, directed by Howard Hawks. Roman Polanski. 5–3 MONTE CARLO (U.S.A., 1930), with Claud Allister, 5–16b THE FURIOUS FORCE OF RHYMES (U.S.A./France, directed by Ernst Lubitsch. 2010), directed by Joshua Atesh Litle. 5–4 SHE DONE HIM WRONG (U.S.A., 1933), with Mae 5–17a AMADEUS (U.S.A., 1984), with Tom Hulce (center), West, directed by Lowell Sherman. music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, directed by Milos Forman. 5–5 THE SUM OF ALL FEARS (U.S.A., 2002), with 5–17b WALK THE LINE (U.S.A., 2005), with Joaquin Morgan Freeman and Ben Affleck, directed by Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon, directed by Phil Alden Robinson. James Mangold. 5–6 THE MERRY WIDOW (U.S.A., 1925), with Mae 5–18a SLEEPLESS IN SEATTLE (U.S.A., 1993), with Meg Murray and John Gilbert, directed by Erich Ryan, Ross Malinger, and Tom Hanks, written and von Stroheim. directed by Nora Ephron. 5–7a THE SILENCE (Iran, 1999), with Tahmineh 5–18b 4 MONTHS, 3 WEEKS AND 2 DAYS (Romania, 2007), Normatova, written and directed by with Anamaria Marinca and Laura Vasiliu, written Mohsen Makhmalbaf. and directed by Cristian Mungiu. 5–7b THE KING’S SPEECH (Britain, 2010), with Colin 5–19 LA VIE EN ROSE (France/Britain/Czech Republic, Firth, directed by Tom Hooper. 2007), with Marion Cotillard, directed by Olivier Dahan. 5–8a A CLOCKWORK ORANGE (Britain/U.S.A., 1972), with Malcolm McDowell, directed by Stanley Kubrick. 5–20 A STAR IS BORN (U.S.A., 1954), with Judy Garland, directed by George Cukor. 5–8b THE BOURNE ULTIMATUM (U.S.A., 2007), with Matt Damon and Joan Allen, directed by 5–21 THE BAND WAGON (U.S.A., 1953), with Fred Paul Greengrass. Astaire, Nanette Fabray, and Jack Buchanan, music by Howard Dietz and Arthur Schwartz, directed by 5–9a RAN (Chaos, Japan, 1985), with Mieko Haranda, Vincente Minnelli. directed by Akira Kurosawa. 5–22 SWEENEY TODD: THE DEMON BARBER OF FLEET 5–9b ARMADILLO (Denmark, 2010), directed by Janus STREET (U.S.A., 2007), with Johnny Depp, directed Metz Pedersen. by Tim Burton.  Understanding MOVIES xiv 5–23 NEW YORK, NEW YORK (U.S.A., 1977), with Liza Minnelli and Robert De Niro, music by John Chapter 6 Kander and Fred Ebb, directed by Martin Scorsese. 6–1 UNFAITHFUL (U.S.A., 2002), with Diane Lane and 5–24 RAY (U.S.A., 2004), with Jamie Foxx, directed by Olivier Martinez, directed by Adrian Lyne. Taylor Hackford. 6–2a SHANGHAI EXPRESS (U.S.A., 1932), with Marlene 5–25a XALA (Senegal, 1975), directed by Dietrich, directed by Josef von Sternberg. Ousmane Sembene. 6–2b SHREK THE THIRD (U.S.A., 2007), with Cameron 5–25b J. EDGAR (U.S.A., 2011), with Armie Hammer, Diaz, directed by Chris Miller. Leonardo DiCaprio, and Judi Dench, directed by 6–3 LITTLE MISS SUNSHINE (U.S.A., 2006), with Alan Clint Eastwood. Arkin, Steve Carell, Paul Dano, Abigail Breslin, Toni 5–26a BULL DURHAM (U.S.A., 1988), with Susan Collette, and Greg Kinnear, directed by Jonathan Sarandon and Kevin Costner, written and directed Dayton and Valerie Faris. by Ron Shelton. 6–4a THE HOURS (U.S.A., 2002), with Meryl Streep, 5–26b THE IRON LADY (Britain/France, 2011), with Meryl directed by Stephen Daldry. Streep, directed by Phyllida Lloyd. 6–4b PUNCH-DRUNK LOVE (U.S.A., 2002), with Philip 5–27 MCCABE & MRS. MILLER (U.S.A., 1970), with Seymour Hoffman, written and directed by Paul Julie Christie and Warren Beatty, directed by Thomas Anderson. Robert Altman. 6–4c CAPOTE (U.S.A., 2005), with Philip Seymour Hoffman, directed by Bennett Miller. 5–28 ALL SCREWED UP (Italy, 1973), directed by Lina Wertmüller. 6–5 SEQUENCE FROM SABOTAGE (Britain, 1936), with Sylvia Sidney and Oscar Homolka, directed by 5–29a TRAINSPOTTING (Britain, 1996), with Ewan Alfred Hitchcock. McGregor, directed by Danny Boyle. 6–6a BEEFCAKE (Canada, 1999), directed by 5–29b TROY (U.S.A., 2004), with Brad Pitt, directed by Thom Fitzgerald. Wolfgang Petersen. 6–6b A FISH CALLED WANDA (Britain, 1988), with John 5–30a SUNSET BOULEVARD (U.S.A., 1950), with Gloria Cleese, directed by Charles Crichton. Swanson, directed by Billy Wilder. 6–7a THE GOLD RUSH (U.S.A., 1925), with Charles 5–30b THE USUAL SUSPECTS (U.S.A., 1995), with Kevin Chaplin and Mack Swain, directed by Chaplin. Pollak, Stephen Baldwin, Benicio Del Toro, Gabriel Byrne, and Kevin Spacey, directed by Bryan Singer. 6–7b ANOTHER YEAR (Britain, 2010), with Peter Wight and Leslie Manville, directed by Mike Leigh. 5–31 BADLANDS (U.S.A., 1973), with Sissy Spacek, written and directed by Terrence Malick. 6–8 LA STRADA (Italy, 1954), with Richard Basehart and Giulietta Masina, directed by Federico Fellini. 5–32 MADAGASCAR (U.S.A., 2005), with Melman the Giraffe (voiced by David Schwimmer), Marty the 6–9 THE NEW WORLD (U.S.A., 2005), with Colin Farrell Zebra (Chris Rock), Alex the Lion (Ben Stiller), and and Q’orianka Kilcher, written and directed by Gloria the Hippo (Jada Pinkett Smith), directed by Terrence Malick. Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath. 6–10 SPIDER-MAN 2 (U.S.A., 2004), with Tobey Maguire, 5–33 MILLION DOLLAR BABY (U.S.A., 2004), with Clint directed by Sam Raimi. Eastwood and Hilary Swank, directed by Eastwood. 6–12 TAXI DRIVER (U.S.A., 1976), with Robert De Niro, directed by Martin Scorsese. 5–34 OVER THE HEDGE (U.S.A., 2006), with Wanda Sykes, directed by Tim Johnson and 6–13a JERRY MAGUIRE (U.S.A., 1996), with Tom Cruise Karey Kirkpatrick. and Cuba Gooding Jr., written and directed by Cameron Crowe. 5–35 RESERVOIR DOGS (U.S.A., 1992), with Steve Buscemi and Harvey Keitel, written and directed 6–13b MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE—GHOST PROTOCOL (U.S.A., by Quentin Tarantino. 2011), with Tom Cruise, directed by Brad Bird.  MOVIE LISTING xv 6–13c MAGNOLIA (U.S.A., 1999), with Tom Cruise, written 6–24 THE SEDUCTION OF MIMI (Italy, 1972), with and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. Elena Fiore and Giancarlo Giannini, directed by Lina Wertmüller. 6–14a ETERNAL SUNSHINE OF THE SPOTLESS MIND (U.S.A., 2004), with Kate Winslet, directed by 6–25 THE ROCKY HORROR PICTURE SHOW (Britain, Michel Gondry. 1975), with Tim Curry, directed by Jim Sharman. 6–14b THERE WILL BE BLOOD (U.S.A., 2007), with Paul 6–26a JARHEAD (U.S.A., 2005), with Jake Gyllenhaal, Dano and Daniel Day-Lewis, directed by Paul directed by Sam Mendes. Thomas Anderson. 6–26b HAMLET (Britain, 1996), with Kenneth Branagh, 6–15 MONSTER-IN-LAW (U.S.A., 2005), with Jane Fonda directed by Branagh. and Jennifer Lopez, directed by Robert Luketic. 6–27 SECRETS & LIES (Britain, 1996), with Brenda 6–16a TO DIE FOR (U.S.A., 1995), with Nicole Kidman, Blethyn, written and directed by Mike Leigh. directed by Gus Van Sant. 6–28a SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE (Britain, 2008), with Dev 6–16b DISTURBIA (U.S.A., 2007), with Shia LeBeouf and Patel and Freida Pinto, directed by Danny Boyle. Carrie-Anne Moss, directed by D. J. Caruso. 6–28b THE NUN’S STORY (U.S.A., 1959), with 6–17a EXTREMELY LOUD & INCREDIBLY CLOSE (U.S.A., Audrey Hepburn and Peter Finch, directed by 2012), with Tom Hanks and Sandra Bullock, Fred Zinnemann. directed by Stephen Daldry. 6–29a YANKEE DOODLE DANDY (U.S.A., 1942), with James 6–17b GOOD NIGHT, AND GOOD LUCK (U.S.A., 2005), Cagney, directed by Michael Curtiz. with George Clooney and David Strathairn, 6–29b BELLE DE JOUR (France/Italy, 1967), with Catherine directed by Clooney. Deneuve, directed by Luis Buñuel. 6–18 SKY CAPTAIN AND THE WORLD OF TOMORROW 6–30 TWO WOMEN (Italy, 1960), with Sophia Loren, (U.S.A., 2004), with Gwyneth Paltrow, Jude Law, directed by Vittorio De Sica. and Angelina Jolie, directed by Kerry Conran. 6–31 THE END OF SUMMER (Japan, 1961), directed by 6–19a TRUE GRIT (U.S.A., 2010), with Jeff Bridges, written Yasujiro Ozu. and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. 6–32a GIGI (U.S.A., 1958), with Maurice Chevalier, 6–19b THE QUEEN (Britain, 2006), with Helen Mirren, Leslie Caron, and Louis Jourdan, directed by directed by Stephen Frears. Vincente Minnelli. 6–19c THE HELP (U.S.A., 2011), with Viola Davis, directed 6–32b NORTH COUNTRY (U.S.A., 2005), with Richard by Tate Taylor. Jenkins, Charlize Theron, and Sissy Spacek, directed by Niki Caro. 6–19d ABOUT SCHMIDT (U.S.A., 2002), with Kathy Bates, directed by Alexander Payne. 6–33a BICYCLE THIEVES (Italy, 1948), with Lamberto Maggiorani and Enzo Staiola, directed by 6–20 BARBER SHOP (U.S.A., 2002), with Ice Cube, Vittorio De Sica. directed by Tim Story. 6–33b AMERICAN GANGSTER (U.S.A., 2007), with Denzel 6–21 THE WEDDING CRASHERS (U.S.A., 2005), with Washington, directed by Ridley Scott. Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson, directed by David Dobkin. 6–34a ROMEO AND JULIET (U.S.A., 1936), with Leslie Howard and Norma Shearer, directed by 6–22a VERTIGO (U.S.A., 1958), with James Stewart and George Cukor. Kim Novak, directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 6–34b ROMEO AND JULIET (Britain/Italy, 1968), with 6–22b MY WEEK WITH MARILYN (Britain/U.S.A., 2011), with Leonard Whiting and Olivia Hussey, directed by Michelle Williams, directed by Simon Curtis. Franco Zeffirelli. 6–23 AGUIRRE, THE WRATH OF GOD (West 6–35a THE UPSIDE OF ANGER (U.S.A., 2004), with Joan Germany, 1972), with Klaus Kinski, directed by Allen and Kevin Costner, written and directed by Werner Herzog. Mike Binder.  Understanding MOVIES xvi 6–35b MARGIN CALL (U.S.A., 2011), directed by 7–6 MAGNUM FORCE (U.S.A., 1973), with Clint J. C. Chandor. Eastwood and Adele Yoshioka, directed by Ted Post. 6–36a THE CRYING GAME (Ireland/Britain, 1992), with Jaye Davidson and Stephen Rea, written and 7–7 THE CLAIM (Britain/Canada, 2000), with Peter directed by Neil Jordan. Mullan, directed by Michael Winterbottom. 6–36b IF I WANT TO WHISTLE, I WHISTLE (Romania/ 7–8a WAR HORSE (U.S.A., 2011), directed by Sweden, 2010), with George Pistereanu, directed Steven Spielberg. by Florin Serban. 7–8b THE DEAD (U.S.A., 1987), with Anjelica Huston, 6–37 ERIN BROCKOVICH (U.S.A., 2000), with Julia directed by John Huston. Roberts, directed by Steven Soderbergh. 7–9 TOOTSIE (U.S.A., 1982), with Dustin Hoffman, directed by Sydney Pollack. 7–10a SHAME (Sweden, 1968), with Liv Ullmann and Max Von Sydow, written and directed by Chapter 7 Ingmar Bergman. 7–10b THE LITTLE FOXES (U.S.A., 1941), with Dan Duryea 7–1a AUTUMN SONATA (Sweden, 1978), with Ingrid and Carl Benton Reid, directed by William Wyler. Bergman and Liv Ullmann, written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. 7–10c BLUE VALENTINE (U.S.A., 2010), with Michelle Williams and Ryan Gosling, directed by 7–1b BOOTY CALL (U.S.A., 1997), with Jamie Foxx and Derek Cianfrance. Tommy Davidson, director by Jeff Pollack. 7–11a A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE (U.S.A., 1951), with 7–2a FANTASTIC VOYAGE (U.S.A., 1966), art direction Vivien Leigh and Marlon Brando, directed by by Jack Martin Smith and Dale Hennesy, Elia Kazan. special effects by Art Cruickshank, directed by Richard Fleischer. 7–11b DRIVING MISS DAISY (U.S.A., 1989), with Dan Aykroyd, Jessica Tandy, and Morgan Freeman, 7–2b THE RELIC (U.S.A., 1996), with Penelope Ann Miller, directed by Bruce Beresford. directed by Peter Hyams. 7–12a IN THE LAND OF BLOOD AND HONEY (U.S.A., 2010), 7–2c THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF with Zana Marjanović and Goran Kostić, written THE RING (U.S.A., 2001), directed by Peter Jackson. and directed by Angelina Jolie. 7–2d ROMEO MUST DIE (U.S.A., 2000), with Russell 7–12b IKIRU (TO LIVE) (Japan, 1952), directed by Wong and Jet Li, directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak. Akira Kurosawa. 7–3a DONA FLOR AND HER TWO HUSBANDS (Brazil, 7–13 TALK TO HER (Spain, 2002), written and directed 1977), with José Wilker, Sonia Braga, and Mauro by Pedro Almodóvar. Mendonça, directed by Bruno Baretto. 7–14a THE UNTOUCHABLES (U.S.A., 1987), with Charles 7–3b INDIANA JONES AND THE KINGDOM OF THE Martin Smith, Kevin Costner, Sean Connery, and CRYSTAL SKULL (U.S.A., 2008), with Cate Blanchett Andy Garcia, directed by Brian De Palma. and Harrison Ford, directed by Steven Spielberg. 7–14b THE FIGHTER (U.S.A., 2010), with Christian Bale 7–4a PICKPOCKET (France, 1959), directed by and Mark Wahlberg, directed by David O. Russell. Robert Bresson. 7–14c EDWARD SCISSORHANDS (U.S.A., 1990), with 7–4b & c MARTIN LAWRENCE LIVE: RUNTELDAT (U.S.A., Johnny Depp, directed by Tim Burton. 2002), directed by David Raynr. 7–15 THE SANDS OF IWO JIMA (U.S.A., 1949), with John 7–5a SINGIN’ IN THE RAIN (U.S.A., 1952), with Gene Wayne (front and center), directed by Allan Dwan. Kelly, directed by Kelly and Stanley Donen. 7–16 THE CABINET OF DR. CALIGARI (Germany, 1920), 7–5b ALL ABOUT EVE (U.S.A., 1950), with Bette Davis, with Conrad Veidt and Werner Krauss, production Marilyn Monroe, and George Sanders, written and design by Hermann Warm, Walter Röhrig, and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Walter Reimann, directed by Robert Wiene.  MOVIE LISTING xvii 7–17a SIEGFRIED (Germany, 1924), with Paul Richter, 7–28 THE SEVEN YEAR ITCH (U.S.A., 1955), with Marilyn directed by Fritz Lang. Monroe, directed by Billy Wilder. 7–17b SLEEPY HOLLOW (U.S.A., 1999), with Johnny Depp, 7–29a TROUBLE IN PARADISE (U.S.A., 1932), with Kay Christina Ricci, and Marc Pickering, directed by Francis, gowns by Travis Banton, directed by Tim Burton. Ernst Lubitsch. 7–18 BARTON FINK (U.S.A., 1991), with John Turturro 7–29b DESIRE (U.S.A., 1936), with Marlene Dietrich, and Jon Polito, written and directed by Joel and costumes by Travis Banton, directed by Ethan Coen. Frank Borzage. 7–19a SAVING PRIVATE RYAN (U.S.A., 1998), with Tom 7–29c DINNER AT EIGHT (U.S.A., 1933), with Jean Harlow, Hanks, directed by Steven Spielberg. costumes by Adrian, directed by George Cukor. 7–19b PLATOON (U.S.A., 1986), with Tom Berenger, 7–29d A PLACE IN THE SUN (U.S.A., 1951), with Elizabeth directed by Oliver Stone. Taylor and Montgomery Clift, gown by Edith Head, directed by George Stevens. 7–19c BLACK HAWK DOWN (U.S.A., 2001), with Tom Guiry, directed by Ridley Scott. 7–29e GONE WITH THE WIND (U.S.A., 1939), with Vivian Leigh, costumes by Walter Plunckett, directed by 7–20a GRAND HOTEL (U.S.A., 1932), with Greta Garbo, Victor Fleming. art direction by Cedric Gibbons, gowns by Adrian, 7–29f MADAME BOVARY (U.S.A., 1949), with Jennifer directed by Edmund Goulding. Jones, costume design by Walter Plunckett, 7–20b LITTLE CAESAR (U.S.A., 1930), with Edward G. directed by Vincente Minnelli. Robinson, art direction by Anton Grot, directed by 7–30a & b NOW, VOYAGER (U.S.A., 1942), with Bette Davis, Mervyn LeRoy. directed by Irving Rapper. 7–20c HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY (U.S.A., 1941), art 7–30c LAST HOLIDAY (U.S.A., 2006), with Queen Latifah, direction by Nathan Juran and Richard Day, directed by Wayne Wang. directed by John Ford. 7–31a THE ROAD WARRIOR (Australia, 1982), with Vernon 7–21 AMARCORD (Italy, 1974), art direction and Welles, directed by George Miller. costumes by Danilo Donati, cinematography by Giuseppe Rotunno, directed by Federico Fellini. 7–31b KANDAHAR (Iran, 2001), written and directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. 7–22 BEOWULF (U.S.A., 2007), with Ray Winstone, directed by Robert Zemeckis. 7–32a DIE ANOTHER DAY (Britain/U.S.A., 2002), with Halle Berry, directed by Lee Tamahori. 7–23 NO MAN’S LAND (Bosnia, 2001), with Branko Djurić and Rene Bitorajac, written and directed by 7–32b MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA (U.S.A., 2005), with Ziyi Danis Tanović. Zhang, directed by Rob Marshall. 7–24 BLADE RUNNER (U.S.A., 1982), with Harrison Ford, 7–32c TITANIC (U.S.A., 1997), with Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, written and directed by directed by Ridley Scott. James Cameron. 7–25a THE LEOPARD (Italy, 1963), art direction by Mario Garbuglia, costumes by Piero Tosi, directed by Luchino Visconti. 7–25b CURSE OF THE GOLDEN FLOWER (China/Hong Chapter 8 Kong, 2006), with Chow Yun Fat, directed by Zhang Yimou. 8–1 SUNSHINE (Hungary/Britain/Germany/Canada, 2000), with James Frain, Jennifer Ehle, and Ralph 7–26a BATMAN FOREVER (U.S.A., 1995), with Val Kilmer Fiennes, directed by István Szabó. and Chris O’Donnell, directed by Joel Schumacher. 8–2a SPEED (U.S.A., 1994), with Keanu Reeves and 7–26b THE DARK KNIGHT (U.S.A., 2008), with Heath Sandra Bullock, directed by Jan De Bont. Ledger, directed by Christopher Nolan. 8–2b THE HOME AND THE WORLD (India, 1984), with 7–27 PAN’S LABYRINTH (Mexico, 2007), with Doug Jones, Swatilekha Chatterjee and Soumitra Chatterjee, written and directed by Guillermo del Toro. directed by Satyajit Ray.  Understanding MOVIES xviii 8–3 CRASH (U.S.A., 2005), with Thandie Newton and 8–18 THE DISCREET CHARM OF THE BOURGEOISIE Matt Dillon, screenplay by Paul Haggis and Bobby (France, 1972), directed by Luis Buñuel. Moresco, directed by Haggis. 8–19a MON ONCLE D’AMERIQUE (France, 1980), with 8–4 MASCULINE-FEMININE (France, 1966), with Jean- Gérard Depardieu, directed by Alain Resnais. Pierre Léaud and Catherine-Isabelle Duport, directed by Jean-Luc Godard. 8–19b MELANCHOLIA (Denmark/Sweden/France/Germany, 2011), with Kirsten Dunst, written and directed by 8–5 THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION (U.S.A., 1994), with Lars von Trier. Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins, directed by Frank Darabont. 8–20 JFK (U.S.A., 1991), with Kevin Costner, written and directed by Oliver Stone. 8–6a SUPERBAD (U.S.A., 2007), with Michael Cera and Jonah Hill, directed by Greg Motola. 8–21a THE ROUNDUP (France/Germany/Hungary, 2010), directed by Rose Bosch. 8–6b BRIDESMAIDS (U.S.A., 2011), with Rose Byrne and Melissa McCarthy, Wendy McLendon-Covey, 8–21b WELCOME TO SARAJEVO (Britain/U.S.A., 1997), with Kristen Wiig, Maya Rudolph, and Ellie Kemper, Stephen Dillane and Woody Harrelson, directed by directed by Paul Feig. Michael Winterbottom. 8–7a HANNAH AND HER SISTERS (U.S.A., 1986), with 8–22a LAW AND ORDER (U.S.A., 1969), directed by Mia Farrow, Barbara Hershey, and Dianne Wiest, Frederick Wiseman. written and directed by Woody Allen. 8–22b HARLAN COUNTY, U.S.A. (U.S.A., 1977), directed by 8–7b OCEANS TWELVE (U.S.A., 2004), with George Barbara Kopple. Clooney, Matt Damon, and Brad Pitt, directed by 8–23 MARCH OF THE PENGUINS (France, 2005), directed Steven Soderbergh. by Luc Jacquet. 8–8 81⁄2 (Italy, 1963), with Sandra Milo and Marcello 8–24 RAZOR BLADES (U.S.A., 1968), directed by Mastroianni, directed by Federico Fellini. Paul Sharits. 8–9a MY LIFE AS A DOG (Sweden, 1985), with Anton 8–25a IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT (U.S.A., 1934), with Clark Glanzelius, directed by Lasse Hallström. Gable and Claudette Colbert, written by Robert Riskin, directed by Frank Capra. 8–9b INTOLERABLE CRUELTY (U.S.A., 2003), with George Clooney and Catherine Zeta-Jones, directed by 8–25b NIGHT WATCH (Russia, 2006), with Dima Martynov, Joel and Ethan Coen. written and directed by Timur Bekmambetov. 8–12 THE GENERAL (U.S.A., 1926), with Buster Keaton, 8–26a WINDTALKERS (U.S.A., 2002), directed by directed by Keaton and Clyde Bruckman. John Woo. 8–13 THE MOTORCYCLE DIARIES (Brazil, 2004), with 8–26b THREE KINGS (U.S.A., 1999), with George Clooney, Gael García Bernal and Rodrigo de la Serna, Mark Wahlberg, Ice Cube, and Spike Jonze, written directed by Walter Salles. and directed by David O. Russell. 8–14a CHINATOWN (U.S.A., 1974), with Faye Dunaway and 8–27a UNFORGIVEN (U.S.A., 1992), with Clint Eastwood, Jack Nicholson, directed by Roman Polanski. directed by Eastwood. 8–14b MULHOLLAND DRIVE (U.S.A., 2000), with Laura 8–27b THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT (U.S.A., 1996), with Elena Harring and Naomi Watts, written and Woody Harrelson and Courtney Love, directed by directed by David Lynch. Milos Forman. 8–15 LATE SPRING (Japan, 1949), with Setsuko Hara and 8–27c FARGO (U.S.A., 1996), with Frances McDormand, Chishu Ryu, directed by Yasujiro Ozu. written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. 8–16 CITY OF GOD (Brazil, 2003), with Alexandre 8–28a NICHOLAS NICKLEBY (Britain, 2002), with Jamie Rodrigues, directed by Fernando Meirelles. Bell and Charlie Hunnam, adapted and directed by Douglas McGrath. 8–17 THE TREE OF LIFE (U.S.A., 2011), with Jessica Chastain and Brad Pitt, written and directed by 8–28b BEVERLY HILLS COP (U.S.A, 1984), with Eddie Terrence Malick. Murphy, directed by Martin Brest.  MOVIE LISTING xix 8–29a ROCKY (U.S.A., 1976), with Sylvester Stallone, 9–3b TINKER TAILOR SOLDIER SPY (Britain, 2011), directed by John Avildsen. with Gary Oldman and John Hurt, directed by Tomas Alfredson. 8–29b TROPIC THUNDER (U.S.A., 2008), with Ben Stiller and Robert Downey Jr., directed by Stiller. 9–3c A SEPARATION (Iran, 2011), with Leila Hatami and Payman Moadi, written and directed by 8–30a INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS (U.S.A., 1956), Asghar Farhadi. directed by Don Siegel. 9–4a WALLACE & GROMIT: THE CURSE OF THE WERE- 8–30b THE WOMAN IN THE WINDOW (U.S.A., 1944), with RABBIT (Britain, 2005), directed by Nick Park and Joan Bennett and Edward G. Robinson, directed by Steve Box. Fritz Lang. 9–4b THERE’S SOMETHING ABOUT MARY (U.S.A., 1998), 8–31a E.T.: THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL (U.S.A., 1982), with Cameron Diaz, written and directed by Peter with Henry Thomas and E.T., directed by and Bobby Farrelly. Steven Spielberg. 9–5a TWENTIETH CENTURY (U.S.A., 1934), with Carole 8–31b TRANSFORMERS (U.S.A., 2007), directed by Lombard and John Barrymore, directed by Michael Bay. Howard Hawks. 8–31c THE DARK KNIGHT RISES (U.S.A./Britain, 2012), 9–5b CASABLANCA (U.S.A., 1942), with Humphrey Bogart with Christian Bale, directed by and Ingrid Bergman, directed by Michael Curtiz. Christopher Nolan. 9–6a BEST IN SHOW (U.S.A., 2000), with Christopher 8–31d HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS: Guest and friend, directed by Guest. PART 2 (U.S.A./Britain, 2011), with Daniel Radcliffe 9–6b jackass the movie (U.S.A., 2002), directed by (front), Emma Watson, and Rupert Grint, directed Jeff Tremaine. by David Yates. 9–7a PRIDE & PREJUDICE (Britain, 2005), with Keira 8–32 SWEET HOURS (Spain, 1982), with Assumpta Serna Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen, directed by and Inaki Aierra, directed by Carlos Saura. Joe Wright. 8–33a MONEYBALL (U.S.A., 2011), with Brad Pitt and 9–7b CHASING AMY (U.S.A., 1997), with Ben Affleck Jonah Hill, directed by Bennett Miller. and Joey Lauren Adams, written and directed by 8–33b YOUNG ADULT (U.S.A., 2011), with Charlize Theron, Kevin Smith. directed by Jason Reitman. 9–8a MY BEAUTIFUL LAUNDRETTE (Britain, 1985), with Gordon Warnecke and Daniel Day-Lewis, written by Hanif Kureishi, directed by Stephen Frears. 9–8b TOKYO STORY (Japan, 1953), directed by Chapter 9 Yasujiru Ozu. 9–9a THE SOCIAL NETWORK (U.S.A., 2010), with 9–1a THE THIN RED LINE (U.S.A., 1998), with Nick Nolte, Andrew Garfield and Jesse Eisenberg, directed written and directed by Terrence Malick. by David Fincher. 9–1b LITTLE CHILDREN (U.S.A., 2006), with Patrick 9–9b SOME LIKE IT HOT (U.S.A., 1959), with Jack Wilson and Kate Winslet, directed by Todd Field. Lemmon and Tony Curtis, screenplay by Billy 9–2a HOWARDS END (Britain, 1992), with Helena Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond, directed by Wilder. Bonham-Carter, directed by James Ivory. 9–10 BABEL (Mexico/U.S.A./France, 2006), with Brad 9–2b BORAT: CULTURAL LEARNINGS OF AMERICA Pitt and Cate Blanchett, directed by Alejandro FOR MAKE BENEFIT GLORIOUS NATION OF Gonzáles Iñárritu. KAZAKHSTAN (Britain/U.S.A., 2006), with Sacha 9–11 NORTH BY NORTHWEST (U.S.A., 1959), with Cary Baron Cohen, directed by Larry Charles. Grant, screenplay by Ernest Lehman, directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 9–3a SHOESHINE (Italy, 1946), with Rinaldo Smordoni and Franco Interlenghi, written by Cesare 9–12 STRANGER THAN FICTION (U.S.A., 2006), with Will Zavattini, directed by Vittorio De Sica. Ferrell, directed by Marc Forster.  Understanding MOVIES xx 9–13 DAY FOR NIGHT (France, 1973), with Jean-Pierre 9–25 LONG DAY’S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT (U.S.A., 1962), Léaud and François Truffaut, directed by Truffaut. with Katharine Hepburn and Dean Stockwell, Ralph Richardson, Jason Robards, Jr., directed by 9–14a LANTANA (Australia, 2002), with Rachel Blake, Sidney Lumet. directed by Ray Lawrence. 9–26 SIDEWAYS (U.S.A., 2004), with Virginia Madsen, 9–14b, c, d BLACK SWAN (U.S.A., 2010), with Natalie Paul Giamatti, Thomas Haden Church, and Sandra Portman, directed by Darren Aronofsky. Oh, directed by Alexander Payne. 9–15 THE SEVEN SAMURAI (Japan, 1954), directed by Akira Kurosawa. 9–16 PSYCHO (U.S.A., 1960), directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Chapter 10 9–17 STRAWBERRY AND CHOCOLATE (Cuba, 1994), with 10–1a TALLADEGA NIGHTS: THE BALLAD OF RICKY BOBBY Jorge Perugorría and Vladimir Cruz, directed by (U.S.A., 2006), with John C. Reilly and Will Ferrell, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea (with Juan Carlos Tabío). directed by Adam McKay. 9–18a HOT SHOTS! PART DEUX (U.S.A., 1993), with Charlie Sheen and Valeria Golino, directed by 10–1b RENDITION (U.S.A., 2007), with Yigal Naor and Jim Abrahams. Omar Metwally, directed by Gavin Hood. 9–18b INGLORIOUS BASTERDS (U.S.A., 2009), with Eli 10–2a FAHRENHEIT 9/11 (U.S.A., 2004), with Michael Roth and Brad Pitt, written and directed by Moore, directed by Moore. Quentin Tarantino. 10–2b THE PASSION OF THE CHRIST (U.S.A., 2004), with 9–19a FLAGS OF OUR FATHERS (U.S.A., 2006), directed by Jim Caviezel, directed by Mel Gibson. Clint Eastwood. 10–3a THE SEARCHERS (U.S.A., 1956), with John Wayne, 9–19b NOTES ON A SCANDAL (Britain/U.S.A., 2006), directed by John Ford. with Cate Blanchett and Judi Dench, directed by 10–3b TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD (U.S.A., 1962), with Richard Eyre. Gregory Peck and Mary Badham, directed by 9–20 NASHVILLE (U.S.A., 1975), directed by Robert Mulligan. Robert Altman. 10–4 STORY OF WOMEN (France, 1988), with Isabelle 9–21a SHALLOW HAL (U.S.A., 2001), with Gwyneth Huppert, directed by Claude Chabrol. Paltrow and Jack Black, directed by Bobby and 10–6 OCTOBER (Soviet Union, 1928), directed by Peter Farrelly. Sergei Eisenstein. 9–21b MIDNIGHT IN PARIS (U.S.A./Spain, 2011), with Marion Cotillard and Owen Wilson, written and 10–7 THE HUMAN CONDITION—NO GREATER LOVE directed by Woody Allen. (Japan, 1959), with Tatsuya Nakadai, directed by Masaki Kobayashi. 9–22a THEY SHOOT HORSES, DON’T THEY? (U.S.A./1969), with Bonnie Bedelia, Bruce Dern, Jane Fonda, and 10–8 HIGH HOPES (Britain, 1988), with Ruth Sheen, Red Buttons, directed by Sydney Pollack. Edna Doré, and Philip Davis, directed by Mike Leigh. 9–22b ROAD TO PERDITION (U.S.A., 2002), with Tom Hanks and Tyler Hoechlin, directed by 10–9 CINEMA PARADISO (Italy, 1988), with Philippe Sam Mendes. Noiret and Salvatore Cascio, directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. 9–23a THRONE OF BLOOD (Japan, 1957), based on Shakespeare’s Macbeth, directed by 10–10 IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE (U.S.A., 1946), with James Akira Kurosawa. Stewart and Donna Reed (both on the left), directed by Frank Capra. 9–23b BRIDE & PREJUDICE (U.S.A./Britain, 2004), with Aishwarya Rai, directed by Gurinda Chadha. 10–11 THE VIRGIN SPRING (Sweden, 1959), with Max von Sydow, written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. 9–24 HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE (U.S.A./Britain, 2001), with Daniel Radcliffe and 10–12 TRIUMPH OF THE WILL (Germany, 1935), directed Rupert Grint, directed by Chris Columbus. by Leni Riefenstahl.  MOVIE LISTING xxi 10–13a HENRY V (Britain, 1989), with Kenneth Branagh, 10–22d THE HUNGER GAMES (U.S.A., 2012), with Jennifer directed by Branagh. Lawrence, directed by Gary Ross. 10–13b DANCES WITH WOLVES (U.S.A., 1990), with Kevin 10–23a RAISE THE RED LANTERN (China/Hong Kong, Costner, directed by Costner. 1991), with Gong Li, written and directed by 10–14 PIXOTE (Brazil, 1981), with Fernando Ramos da Zhang Yimou. Silva, directed by Hector Babenco. 10–23b WATER (Canada/India, 2005), with Sarala 10–15 THE GRAPES OF WRATH (U.S.A., 1940), with Jane Kariyawasam (left), directed by Deepa Mehta. Darwell and Henry Fonda, directed by John Ford. 10–23c THE WHITE BALLOON (Iran, 1995), with Aida 10–16a LATE AUTUMN (Japan, 1960), with Setsuko Hara, Mohammadkhani, directed by Jafar Panahi. directed by Yasujiro Ozu. 10–24a LATE CHRYSANTHEMUMS (Japan, 1954), with 10–16b DEAD MAN WALKING (U.S.A., 1995), with Sean Haruko Sugimura and Ken Uehara, directed by Penn and Susan Sarandon, directed by Mikio Naruse. Tim Robbins. 10–24b MARIA FULL OF GRACE (Colombia, 2004), with 10–17 CHICAGO (U.S.A., 2002), with Catherine Zeta- Catalina Sandino Moreno, written and directed by Jones, Richard Gere, and Renée Zellweger, guns by Joshua Marston. Smith & Wesson, directed by Rob Marshall. 10–25a THELMA & LOUISE (U.S.A., 1991), with Susan 10–18a THE ORIGINAL KINGS OF COMEDY (U.S.A., 2000), Sarandon and Geena Davis, directed by with Bernie Mac, Cedric the Entertainer, D. L. Ridley Scott. Hughley, and Steve Harvey, directed by Spike Lee. 10–25b OSAMA (Afghanistan, 2003), with Marina 10–18b HAROLD & KUMAR GO TO WHITE CASTLE (U.S.A./ Golbahari, written and directed by Siddiq Barmak. Canada, 2004), with John Cho and Kal Penn, directed by Danny Leiner. 10–26a & b DESERT FLOWER (Britain/Germany/Austria, 2009), directed by Sherry Hormann. 10–18c A BETTER LIFE (U.S.A., 2011), with José Julián and Demián Bichir, directed by Chris Weitz. 10–26c VANITY FAIR (Britain, 2004), with Resse 10–18d FIDDLER ON THE ROOF (U.S.A., 1971), directed by Witherspoon, directed by Mira Nair. Norman Jewison. 10–27a A FOREIGN AFFAIR (U.S.A., 1948), with Marlene 10–19 THE CHANT OF JIMMIE BLACKSMITH (Australia, Dietrich, directed by Billy Wilder. 1978), with Tommy Lewis, Jack Thompson, and 10–27b PILLOW TALK (U.S.A., 1959), with Doris Day and Julie Dawson, directed by Fred Schepisi. Rock Hudson, directed by Michael Gordon. 10–20a BOYZ N THE HOOD (U.S.A., 1991), with Cuba 10–27c BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN (U.S.A., 2005), with Jake Gooding, Jr., Larry Fishburne, and Ice Cube, Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger, directed by written and directed by John Singleton. Ang Lee. 10–20b BREAKING AWAY (U.S.A., 1979), with Dennis 10–28 THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF Christopher, directed by Peter Yates. THE RING (U.S.A., 2002), with Ian McKellen and 10–21a SHOW BOAT (U.S.A., 1936), with Paul Robeson and Elijah Wood, directed by Peter Jackson. Hattie McDaniel, directed by James Whale. 10–29a THE KIDS ARE ALL RIGHT (U.S.A., 2010), with 10–21b TILL THE CLOUDS ROLL BY (U.S.A., 1946), with Lena Annette Bening, Julianne Moore, Josh Hutcherson, Horne, directed by Richard Whorf. Mark Ruffalo and Mia Wasikowska, directed by 10–22a SEVEN BEAUTIES (Italy, 1976), with Giancarlo Lisa Cholodenko. Giannini and Elena Fiore, directed by 10–29b ALL ABOUT MY MOTHER (Spain, 1999), with Marisa Lina Wertmüller. Paredes, Penélope Cruz, Cecilia Roth, Candela 10–22b OCTOPUSSY (Britain, 1983), with Roger Moore, Peña, Rosa María Sardá, and Antonia San Juan, directed by John Glen. written and directed by Almodóvar. 10–22c THE HURT LOCKER (U.S.A., 2009), with Jeremy 10–30a MIDNIGHT COWBOY (U.S.A., 1969), with Jon Voight Renner, directed by Kathryn Bigelow and Dustin Hoffman, directed by John Schlesinger.  Understanding MOVIES xxii 10–30b THE ADVENTURES OF PRISCILLA, QUEEN OF THE 11–4a THE TREE OF THE WOODEN CLOGS (Italy, 1978), DESERT (Australia, 1994), with Guy Pearce, Terence directed by Ermanno Olmi. Stamp, and Hugo Weaving, written and directed 11–4b TASTE OF CHERRY (Iran, 1998), with Homayoun by Stephan Elliott. Ershadi, written and directed by Abbas Kiarostami. 10–31 CINDERELLA MAN (U.S.A., 2000), with Russell 11–5a ITALIAN FOR BEGINNERS (Denmark, 2002), written Crowe, directed by Ron Howard. and directed by Lone Scherfig. 10–32a THE ORION (Iran, 2010), directed by 11–5b JARHEAD (U.S.A., 2005), directed by Sam Mendes. Zamani Esmati. 11–6 UGETSU (Japan, 1953), with Masayuki Mori and 10–32b ATONEMENT (Britain, 2007), with James McAvoy Machiko Kyo, directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. and Keira Knightley, directed by Joe Wright. 11–7a THE WIZARD OF OZ (U.S.A., 1939), with 10–33a BRINGING UP BABY (U.S.A., 1938), with Cary Judy Garland and Ray Bolger, directed by Grant and Katharine Hepburn, directed by Victor Fleming. Howard Hawks. 11–7b THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF 10–33b HOW TO LOSE A GUY IN 10 DAYS (U.S.A., 2003), THE RING (U.S.A., 2001), directed by Peter Jackson. with Kate Hudson and Matthew McConaughey, directed by Donald Petrie. 11–8a ALIEN (U.S.A., 1979), with John Hurt, directed by Ridley Scott. 10–34 THE DESCENDANTS (U.S.A., 2011), with George Clooney and Shailene Woodley, directed by 11–8b ADAPTATION (U.S.A., 2002), with Nicolas Cage and Alexander Payne. Nicolas Cage, directed by Spike Jonze. 11–9a THE SERVANT (Britain, 1963), with Dirk Bogarde (foreground), directed by Joseph Losey. Chapter 11 11–9b MONA LISA (Britain, 1986), with Cathy Tyson, Michael Caine, and Bob Hoskins, directed by 11–1a THE MALTESE FALCON (U.S.A., 1941), with Neil Jordan. Humphrey Bogart, Peter Lorre, Mary Astor, and 11–10a HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS: Sydney Greenstreet, directed by John Huston. PART 2 (U.S.A./Britain, 2011), with Daniel Radcliffe 11–1b ON THE WATERFRONT (U.S.A., 1954), with Eva and Ralph Fiennes, directed by David Yates. Marie Saint and Marlon Brando, directed by 11–10b BLUE VELVET (U.S.A., 1986), with Kyle MacLachlan Elia Kazan. and Isabella Rossellini, written and directed by 11–1c LAST TANGO IN PARIS (Italy/France, 1972), with David Lynch. Maria Schneider and Marlon Brando, directed by 11–11 LOVE ON THE RUN (France, 1979), STOLEN KISSES Bernardo Bertolucci. (France, 1968), LOVE AT TWENTY (France, 1962), 400 11–1d BLADES OF GLORY (U.S.A., 2007), with Jon Heder BLOWS (France, 1959), with Jean-Pierre Léaud as and Will Ferrell, directed by Josh Gordon and Antoine Doniel. Will Speck. 11–12 THE DEPARTED (U.S.A., 2006), with Leonardo 11–2a A SCREAMING MAN (France/Belgium/Chad, 2010), DiCaprio and Matt Damon, directed by written and directed by Mahamat-Saleh Haroun. Martin Scorcese. 11–2b OPEN CITY (Italy, 1945), with Marcello Pagliero, 11–13a MILDRED PIERCE (U.S.A., 1945), with Joan directed by Roberto Rossellini. Crawford, directed by Michael Curtiz. 11–3a UMBERTO D (Italy, 1952), with Carlo Battisti, 11–13b PRIMARY COLORS (U.S.A., 1998), with John directed by Vittorio De Sica. Travolta, directed by Mike Nichols. 11–3b THE RULES OF THE GAME (France, 1939), directed 11–14a HIGHER GROUND (U.S.A., 2011), with Vera Farmiga, by Jean Renoir. directed by Vera Farmiga. 11–3c PATHER PANCHALI (The Song of the Road) 11–14b THE OPPOSITE OF SEX (U.S.A., 1997), with Martin (India, 1955), with Kanu Bannerjee, directed by Donovan and Lisa Kudrow, written and directed by Satyajit Ray. Don Roos.  MOVIE LISTING xxiii 11–14c NAPOLEON DYNAMITE (U.S.A., 2004), with John 11–24b SUPERMAN RETURNS (U.S.A., 2006), with Brandon Gries, Jon Heder, and Aaron Ruell, written and Routh, directed by Bryan Singer. directed by Jared Hess. 11–25a COLLATERAL (U.S.A., 2004), with Tom Cruise and 11–15 LEGALLY BLONDE 2: RED, WHITE & BLONDE (U.S.A., Jamie Foxx, directed by Michael Mann. 2003), with Bob Newhart and Reese Witherspoon, 11–25b KING KONG (U.S.A., 2005), with Naomi Watts and directed by Charles Herman-Wurmfeld. friend, directed by Peter Jackson. 11–16a MAMA GÓGÓ (Iceland/Norway/Sweden/Germany/ Britain, 2010), with Kristbjorg Kjeld, written and directed by Fridrik Thor Fridriksson. 11–16b UNDERTOW (Peru, 2009), with Manolo Cardona Chapter 12 and Cristian Mercado, directed by Javier 12–1–12–24 CITIZEN KANE (U.S.A., 1941), cinematographer Fuentes-León. Gregg Toland and director Orson Welles. 11–16c SEVEN DAYS IN HEAVEN (Taiwan, 2010), with Pong- 12–26 THE MAGNIFICENT AMBERSONS (U.S.A., 1942), Fong Wu, directed by Yulin Wang and Essay Liu. with Dolores Costello, Agnes Moorehead, Joseph 11–16d DRIVE (U.S.A., 2011), with Ryan Gosling, directed by Cotten, and Ray Collins, directed by Orson Welles. Nicholas Winding Refn. 12–27 OTHELLO (Morocco, 1952), with Orson Welles and 11–17a INDEPENDENCE DAY (U.S.A., 1996), directed by Suzanne Cloutier, directed by Welles. Roland Emmerich. 12–28 TOUCH OF EVIL (U.S.A., 1958), with Orson Welles, 11–17b THE SQUID AND THE WHALE (U.S.A., 2005), directed by Welles. with Jeff Daniels and Laura Linney, written and 12–29 THE TRIAL (France/Italy/West Germany, 1962), with directed by Noah Baumbach. Anthony Perkins, directed by Welles. 11–17c THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN—PART 2 12–30 THE IMMORTAL STORY (France, 1968), with Orson (U.S.A., 2012), with Robert Pattinson and Kristen Welles, directed by Welles. Stewart, directed by Bill Condon. 11–18 BLONDE VENUS (U.S.A., 1932), with Marlene Dietrich, directed by Josef von Sternberg. 11–19a TROY (U.S.A., 2004), directed by Wolfgang Petersen. 11–19b THE BANK (U.S.A., 1915), with Charles Chaplin, directed by Chaplin. 11–20 TENDER MERCIES (U.S.A., 1983), with Robert Duvall and Allan Hubbard, directed by Bruce Beresford. 11–21 AN AUTUMN AFTERNOON (Japan, 1962), with Shima Iwashita and Chishu Ryu, directed by Yasujiro Ozu. 11–22a SHORT CUTS (U.S.A., 1993), with Lily Tomlin and Tom Waits, directed by Robert Altman. 11–22b THE GODFATHER PART II (U.S.A., 1974), with Giuseppe Sillato and Robert De Niro, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. 11–23 MEDIUM COOL (U.S.A., 1969), with Peter Bonerz and Robert Forster, directed by Haskell Wexler. 11–24a THE PASSION OF THE CHRIST (U.S.A., 2004), with Jim Caviezel, directed by Mel Gibson.  PREFACE The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes. Marcel Proust, Novelist and A