Long-Term Memory PDF

Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory is the stage where informative knowledge is held indefinitely. CAPACITY has no known limit is unclear whether limitation is on of processing capacity,...

Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory is the stage where informative knowledge is held indefinitely. CAPACITY has no known limit is unclear whether limitation is on of processing capacity, is the stage where informative storage capacity, or both knowledge is held indefinitely. forgetting is either very slow or not at all  how do we acquire LTM? Tulving and Patterson believed that the long-term memory is divided into three distinct systems: Episodic Memory - memory of personal experiences or specific events tied to a particular time and place Semantic Memory - general knowledge and facts about the world unrelated to personal experiences Procedural Memory - memory on how to perform tasks or actions  how do we acquire LTM? Shallice and Warrington understood the distinction between Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory The case of KF: a patient with severe impairment in his short-term memory but preserved his long-term memory levels of processing Preliminary Stages Later Stage initial phase of processing matching the input where the brain begins to against stored handle incoming abstractions from information past learning perception - registry of input pattern recognition and extraction of attention - selecting which to meaning focus on encoding - early attempts to encode new informaton Depth of Processing Theory focuses on the quality of cognitive processing suggests that how deeply information is processed during learning determines how well it will be remembered SHALLOW PROCESSING involves a superficial level of engagement with information. information is less likely to be remembered because it involves less meaningful engagement DEEP PROCESSING involves focusing on the meaning of information and information is processed at a deeper level is more likely to be retaned Physiological Aspects of LTM RECONSOLIDATION is the process of slightly re-encoding a memory when it is retrieved. It suggests that memories are dynamic, which can change based on new experiences It is like updating or altering your memory during retrieval CHEMOTAXIS Is the process of activating the neurotransmitters in the brain and communicates it throughout the body Neurochemical receptors are found throughout the nervous system and various organs Long-Term Memory Loss Refers to the difficulty in recalling information Stress Side effects of prescriptions Drug and Alcohol Misuse Serious Brain Injuries Sever Brain Infections Brain Tumor Stroke Oxygen Loss Long-Term Memory Loss Forgetting early life events Mixing up names of persons and places Excessive irritability and mood changes Forgetting common and easy words Getting lost in previously familiar places Trouble in recalling details of events Taking a longer time to do familiar tasks Long-Term Memory Improvement Pay attention to information! Sleep!! Retrieval Coffee is life! Chocolates