Memory PDF

MEMORY  Memory is a cognitive system that encodes, retains and retrieves information. Three basic components of Memory memory: Sensory Short-term Long-term  There are three major processes involved in...

MEMORY  Memory is a cognitive system that encodes, retains and retrieves information. Three basic components of Memory memory: Sensory Short-term Long-term  There are three major processes involved in memory Encodes: Information is developed into a usable form How it Stores: After information has been encoded, it is stored for later use. works We are not aware of memory being stored until we need to use the information Retrieves: Memories are brought to our awareness  Short-term: The hippocampus and Subiculum Long-term (procedural): Motor cortex, then the cerebellum Long-term (priming): Cerebral The Brain cortex Long-term (episodic): Prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus Long-term (semantic): Prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus  Information from the environment including iconic Memory (visual), echoic memory (auditory), and haptic memory (physical senses such as Sensory touch). Stored briefl y (½ second to 4 Memory seconds). Converts to short-term memory when the individual fi nds an interest and pays attention to the information received.  Also known as working or active memory because it stores information for what we are currently doing or Short-term thinking about. Stored for 20-30 seconds. Memory Quickly forgotten as it has a limited capacity. Converts to Long-term memory by repetition.  It is our brain’s system for storing, managing, and retrieving information. Stores information over a long period. Two types of information Long-term retrieval: Memory Recall: Information is reproduced from memory Recognition: Information is recognized that it has been seen before. Feeling of familiarity.  There are many diff erent forms of Long- term memory: Types of Long-term Memory: Long-term Procedural Memory Priming Episodic Semantic  An implicit memory allowing action to Procedural be performed unconsciously; ‘How to’ knowledge. Memory Stored fi rst in the Motor Cortex, then sent to the cerebellum.  An implicit memory which biases the Priming brain to unconsciously recall recently experienced information quickly. Memory Stored in cerebral cortex regions that process original stimuli.   Each of our senses (taste, sight, hearing, touch, and smelling) relates to one another and forms Brain and connections.  Repetition creates strong neural Memory connections.  Brain applies ‘Use it or Lose it’ principle with memory.  Forgetting is when we fail to retrieve information that we know is stored in our memory. Why do we forget? Failure to store We can forget memories if they were not encoded properly; therefore, not making it to Forgetting Long-term memory. Interference When information is similar to other information, and memories compete and interfere with other memories. Fading over time Memory traces begin to fade and disappear over time if they have not come to use.   Also known as Motivated Forgetting This is when we purposely forget memories because of the negative experiences associated with them. Selective Studies have shown that blocking out horrid memories can be Memory harmful to long-term memory because of all the eff ort that is put in to avoid pain. Rather than trying to cover up and hide certain memories, it is healthier if we deal with the issue so that we can move on.  Amnesia is memory loss that is usually cause by physical damage to the brain or when oxygen is cut off to the brain. Alcohol Blackout: can cause partial or total Memory memory loss and happens after excessive drinking. Loss Dissociative Fugue : creates confusion about identity and life events. Korsakoff ’s Psychosis: Inability to form There are many short-term memories. Typically occurs to forms of memory alcoholics. Post-traumatic Amnesia: Happens after loss. They can occur coma and creates disorientation and to anyone at any age. agitation. Can also happen when negative emotions related to trauma occurs.