LFL242 Biochemie Les 4 Koolhydraten PDF

Document Details

DextrousKoto8793

Uploaded by DextrousKoto8793

Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences

Tags

carbohydrates biochemistry chemical structures biological sciences

Summary

This presentation provides a detailed overview of carbohydrates, including their structures, isomers, and functions in various biological processes. It delves into different types of carbohydrates, molecular structures, and their roles in biological systems.

Full Transcript

Biochemie – Les 4 : Koolhydraten turen in deze presentatie getekend in ChemSketch (ACD/Labs – Freeware) – Logo – SPstudio.com 1 Wat weet je na deze les: Hoe koolhydraten eruit zien en waar je ze tegenkomt Definities Wat is een koolhydraat Isomeren Bindingen...

Biochemie – Les 4 : Koolhydraten turen in deze presentatie getekend in ChemSketch (ACD/Labs – Freeware) – Logo – SPstudio.com 1 Wat weet je na deze les: Hoe koolhydraten eruit zien en waar je ze tegenkomt Definities Wat is een koolhydraat Isomeren Bindingen Waar vindt je koolhydraten Functies 2 Wat zijn koolhydraten Kool (C) – hydraat (H2O) (hydro = Oud Grieks voor water) O CnH2nOOn HC HC Synoniemen H C OH H C OH HO C H Suiker CH 2OH H C OH Sacharide D-Glyceraldehyde (C3H6O3) H C OH OH H2C H2C OH C O D-Glucose (C6H12O6) Bron: https://nl.openfoodfacts.org/product/8718907040136/chocolade-vla-albert-heijn - 12-10-2024 H2C OH Dihydroxyacetone (C3H6O3) 3 Isomeren O OH HC H2C Zelfde atoombouw C O H C OH CH 2OH H2C C3H6O3 OH Verschillende moleculen glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton 4 Constitutionele isomeren O Isomeren OH HC H2C H C OH C O H2C CH 2OH OH glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton 5 Asymmetrische koolstofatomen Chiraal koolstofatoom - Spiegelbeeld anders CHO CHO CHO H C OH HO CC OH Enantiomeren CH2OH CH CH 2OH 2OH Waarom maakt dit uit? 6 Triokinase D-glyceraldehyde past in juiste oriënta L-glyceraldehyde past niet goed ematische weergave van D-gyceraldehyde in active site van triokinase 7 Constitutionele isomeren O Isomeren OH HC H2C H C OH C O H2C CH 2OH OH glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton Enantiomeren O O HC HC H C OH HO C H CH 2OH CH 2OH D vs L - spiegelbeelden 8 D-Aldo-suikers O HC O H C OH Triose O HC CH 2OH HC HO C H H C OH D-glyceraldehyde Tetrose H C OH H C OH H2C H2C O O O OH O HC OH HC HC HC H C OH D-erythrose HO C H H C OH D-threose HO C H HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH Pentose H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C H2C H2C OH OH OH OH D-ribose D-arabinose D-xylose D-lyxose O O O O O O O O HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H Hexose H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH D-allose D-altrose D-glucose D-mannose D-gulose D-idose D-galactose D-talose 9 D-2-Keto-suikers OH H2C C O H2C Triose OH Dihydroxyaceton OH H2C C O OH Tetrose OH H2C H C OH H2C C O H2C C O OH H C OH HO C H Pentose H C OH D-erythrulose H C OH H2C H2C OH OH OH D-ribulose OH OH D-xylulose OH H2C H2C H2C H2C C O C O C O C O H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H Hexose H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C H2C H2C OH OH OH OH D-psicose D-fructose D-sorbose D-tagatose 10 Diastereoisomeren Door meerdere chirale centra – wel stereoisomeren, geen spiegelbeelden O O O O O O O O HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH D-allose D-altrose D-glucose D-mannose D-gulose D-idose D-galactose D-talose 11 Constitutionele isomeren O Isomeren OH HC H2C H C OH C O H2C CH 2OH OH glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton Enantiomeren Diastereoisomeren O O HC HC O O H C OH H C OH HC HC HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH CH 2OH CH 2OH H2C H2C OH OH D vs L - spiegelbeelden Geen spiegelbeeld 12 Epimeren Door meerdere chirale centra – wel stereoisomeren, geen spiegelbeelden daarnaast slechts één chiraal centrum verschilt O O O O O O O O HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H HO C H HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C H2C OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH D-allose D-altrose D-glucose D-mannose D-gulose D-idose D-galactose D-talose 13 Constitutionele isomeren O Isomeren OH HC H2C H C OH C O H2C CH 2OH OH glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton Enantiomeren Diastereoisomeren O Epimeren O HC HC O O HC HC O O H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HC HC HO C H H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH CH 2OH CH 2OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C OH H2C H2C OH OH OH D vs L - spiegelbeelden Geen spiegelbeeld Eén OH verschillend 14 Ringsluiting van suikers OH H O H O H HC HO OH H C H C OH CH2 HO OH HO C H OH H H OH C H α-D-glucose H C OH H C O C H HO OH H C OH OH C C H2C H OH OH H O OH H OH H C D-glucose HO H H OH β-D-glucose 15 Ringsluiting van suikers OH H O H O H HC HO OH H C H C OH CH2 HO OH HO C H OH H H OH C H α-D-glucose H C OH H C O C H HO OH H C OH OH C C H2C H OH OH H O OH H C D-glucose Anomeren OH H HO H Ringsluiting geeft nieuw chiraal centrum H OH β-D-glucose 16 Constitutionele isomeren O Isomeren Anomeren OH OH OH HC H2C H O H H O OH H C OH C O H H OH H C OH H C H2C CH 2OH HO OH HO H OH H OH H OH glyceraldehyde dihydroxyaceton Ringsluiting = nieuw chiraal centrum Enantiomeren Diastereoisomeren O Epimeren O HC HC O O HC HC O O H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HC HC HO C H H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH CH 2OH CH 2OH H C OH H C OH H2C H2C OH H2C H2C OH OH OH D vs L - spiegelbeelden Geen spiegelbeeld Verschil in één chiraal centrum 17 Ringsluiting van suikers O OH HC H2C OH H C OH C O HO OH HO C H H O H HO C H CH2 O H2C H C OH H C H C OH H OH C OH H H C OH H C OH H OH HO OH H2C H OH H2C OH H OH OH Pyraan -> α-D-glucopyranose Furaan -> α-D-fructofuranose O O 18 Bindingen isomaltose OH OH H O H H O H H H OH H C OH H C maltose nigerose HO OH HO OH α,α-trehalose H OH H OH kojibiose α-D-glucopyranose 19 https://www.officetopper.com/nieuws/productiever-werken-door-een-pauze-zo-doet-u-dat 20 Wat weet je na deze les: Hoe koolhydraten eruit zien en waar je ze tegenkomt Definities Wat is een koolhydraat Isomeren Bindingen Waar vindt je koolhydraten Functies 21 Zoek de koolhydraten! Bron: https://www.hvhl.nl/studeren-bij-hvhl/leeuwarden/locatie/ - 27-09-2024 22 Hoofdrolspelers H H OH HO OH HO OH HO CH2 O H2C O O H H H OH C H H H H OH OH H OH HO NH H OH H OH H OH O CH3 D-glucose N-acetyl-D-glucosamine D-fructose HO HO HO OH OH H H H O O O H H H H H H H H H OH OH OH HO HN H H OH OH OH OH D-galactose O CH3 D-ribose HO O HO H N-acetyl-D-galactosamine OH C H CH2 HC H OH OH HO H CH HO O O OH H HO O H H3C H H H OH OH HN OH H3C H H H H H OH H OH O HO D-mannose L-fucose 5`N-acetyl-neuraminezuur 23 Oligo - Poly Monosachariden - mono = 1 Disachariden – di = 2 Trisachariden – tri = 3 Tetra = 4- Oligosachariden … Deca = 10 >10 = Polysachariden 24 Simpele suikers in voeding H H OH OH HO Biet/riet suiker HO (malto)dextrines – uit zetmeel O O H H H H H H OH H OH OH H HO HO OH H O H H O HO H O H H O H OH HO OH HO H OH α-D-glucose-(1-2)-α-D-fructose (sucrose) α-D-glucose-(1-4)-α-D-glucose (maltose) HO OH H melk O H H H OH O OH H HO H H O disachariden H H OH HO H OH Breken makkelijk af  energiedragers β-D-galactose-(1-4)-α-D-glucose (lactose) 25 Complexere suikers in voeding OH OH OH H O H H O H H O H Amylose H H H OH H OH H OH H R O O O O R α1,4-glucose polymeerketen H OH H OH H OH OH H O H H OH H R O H OH O OH Amylopectine OH O H H O H H O H H H H H α1,4 glucose polymeerketens OH H OH H R OH H O O O R α1,6 vertakkingen O H OH H OH H OH 26 Amylopectine Energieopslag n: Neil & Field 2015, Front. Bioeng. Biotech. – Doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00136 27 α-D-glucose polymeer α1,4 binding α1,6 binding Snelle energieopslag Spieren, lever 28 Bron: Häggström, Mikael (2014). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.008. Cellulose OH OH OH H O H H O H H O H Amylose H H H OH H OH H OH H R O O O O R α1,4-glucose polymeerketen H OH H OH H OH OH H O O R OH H O OH H Cellulose H O H OH H OH H H OH H H O O H β1,4 glucose polymeerketens OH H H OH R O H H OH 29 Planten celwand Koolhydraat polymeren: Pectine: Galacturonzuur, galactose, arabinose Xylose, fucose Cellulose: Glucose Hemicellulose: Glucose, glucuronzuur, mannose, galacto xylose, arabinose ron: https://www.thoughtco.com/cell-wall-373613 30 Cellulose Structuur Planten celwand Katoenvezels OH H O O R OH H O OH H Cellulose H O H OH H OH H H OH H H O O H β1,4 glucose polymeerketens OH H H OH R O H H OH 31 Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) 3 x phosphate Belangrijkste energiedrager O O O NH2 HO P O P O P OH N N OH OH O O N N adenine H H H H OH OH ribose 32 RNA HO 1 R O H O H H O H OH O P OH NH OH OH O N O D-ribose O H H H H O OH NH2 O P OH N N O O N N H H H H O OH 2 R Bron: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA (1-10-2024) 33 Nucleotidesuikers O O O O HO P O P O P OH NH OH OH O O N O H OH H H HO H H O H OH OH H H OH UTP H HO O O O O P O P OH H OH UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase OH NH O HO N O O O H H H H H H H OH H HO O UDP-glucose OH OH O P OH  Biosynthese van glycogeen OH Glucose-1-phosphate 34 Nucleotidesuikers 35 Suikerjasje dierlijke cel Glycoproteinen Suiker aan een eiwit O- en N-glycanen Glycolipiden Suiker aan lipide Bron: Varki et al 2022 – Essentials of Glycobiology 36 Eiwit glycosylering Stabilisatie van structuur Herkenning Bescherming tegen afbraak n: Bagdonaite et al 2022, Nature Reviews – Doi: 10.1038/s43586-022-00128-4 37 Bloedgroepen Bron: https://www.britannica.com/science/white-blood-ce (11-9-2024) Bron: Varki et al 2022 – Essentials of Glycobiology 38 Aanhechten ziekteverwerkkers n: Petersen & Miller (2020) – Cell Host & Microbe - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.019 39 HO Onafbreekbare suikers in moedermelk OH H O H H H OH O OH H O O H H HO H H H H HO OH OH OH H OH HO OH HO H O O H O H OH H O H H OH H H H O H O H O O H OH NH HO H H HO H H H H H OH H H OH H3C O CH3 HO H OH H HO α-L-fucose-(1-2)-β-D-galactose-(1-2)-D-glucose Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose HO OH H HO O O HO H H OH C OH H CH2 HC O H O CH HO O HO O H H H H H H H OH HO H3C HN OH H H OH H O α-N-acetyl-D-neuraminezuur-(2-3)-β-D-galactose-(1-4)-α-D-glucose 3’-sialyllactose 40 Ontgifting door glucuronidering: Apolair Minder Apolair Bron: http://www.studyinukraine.eu/conjugation-reactions/, geraadpleegd op 19 dec. 2012 41 Functies Functies Stabiliteit Structuur Energie Oplosbaarheid Herkenning 42 Zoek de koolhydraten! Bron: https://www.hvhl.nl/studeren-bij-hvhl/leeuwarden/locatie/ - 27-09-2024 43

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser