Letters & Lettering PDF

TDRAWB Letters & Lettering DEFINITION OF TERMS LETTER Any letter in the alphabet. LETTERING An act of making letters by hand. printed material PRINTING The production of on a printing process. A name used for several processes by which words, pictures, or design, are reprod...

TDRAWB Letters & Lettering DEFINITION OF TERMS LETTER Any letter in the alphabet. LETTERING An act of making letters by hand. printed material PRINTING The production of on a printing process. A name used for several processes by which words, pictures, or design, are reproduced on paper, fabrics, metal, or other suitable materials.  TDRAWB Letters & Lettering DEFINITION OF TERMS ALPHABETLetters used to represent language; a set of letters, usually listed in a fixed order, used in writing a language and representing its basic speech sounds. It is the most common type of writing in the world today. HEIROGLYPICS A picture writing system that uses symbols or pictures to denotes objects, concepts, or sound originally in the writing system of ancient Egypt. It was derived from two Greek words “hieros” meaning sacred and “glyphein” meaning to carve.  TDRAWB Letters & Lettering DEFINITION OF TERMS CONEIFORM WRITING A form of writing whose letters have wedge shape. It is used in ancient writing system. It was taken from a Latin word “ceuneus” which mean wedge.  TDRAWB Letters & Lettering IMPORTANCE OF LETTERING Good lettering enhances the appearance of drawing while poor lettering will make good drawing look sloppy and unprofessional. According to the American standard, the most important requirements in lettering as used in working drawing is legibility and ease and readability of execution. It is therefore recommended that skills in lettering must be developed. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT 4000 B.C. The design of the modern alphabet had their origin in Egyptian Hieroglyphics or picture writing. 2500 B.C. Hieroglyphics were later developed by the Egyptians into cursive hieroglyphic or hieratic writing.  TDRAWB Letters & Lettering HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT 1000 B.C. Hieratic writing was adopted by the Phoenicians and developed into an alphabet of twenty two letters of which nineteen are standard consonants of the present day alphabet. 700 B.C. The Phoenicians alphabet was later adopted by the Greeks. They introduced and developed the vowel letters and uniform letters. They also contributed thirteen letters to the Roman alphabet. TDRAWB DRAWING 1Letters & Lettering  Letters & Lettering HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT 200 B.C. The Romans introduced the twenty-three letters of the present day alphabet. It was divided into two styles, the old Romans and the Modern Romans. 19th CENTURY During the reign of Charlemagne, lower case letters were introduced. They were called Carolingian letters. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering HISTORY & Hand writing can DEVELOPMENT 1722 Formal Script was long hand writing but in more artistic manner. developed. introduced by the be English. Its is similar to 1890 The English introduced san serif, a letters style which commonly used by printing presses the term literary means “Without Serif”. The term has special reference to alphabet styles which have no serifs or spurred ending. San Serif  TDRAWB Letters & Lettering HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT 1945 Cartoon scripts was Styles introduced by the Americans. Alphabet 1960 Automation letter styles were introduced. The computer printer uses  these styles. COMPUTER TDRAWB DRAWING 1Letters & Lettering Letters & Lettering STYLE OF LETTERS 1. GOTHIC thickness. Elements are usually made In this style, all letters have uniform with single stroke of the pen. It is width. They also have uniform perhaps the most easily read style of letters. All letters in this style have accented strokes made up of thin and 2.ROMAN thick elements. These are characterized by delicately shaped upright letters. Modern Roman is extensively used for names and titles of maps. If these letters are outlined and filled in they are called filled-in letters. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering STYLE OF LETTERS 3. Text styles consisting of thin and thick This is the most artistic of all letter elements. In this style, many letters combine well modulated and massive feeling of antiquity. It is commonly main strokes with fine hair line used for legal documents and embellishments. This style conveys diplomas. Script is a system of handwriting in which characters are written 4. Script by hand, especially in cursive form and written in flowing style. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering GENERAL DIVISION OF LETTERS 1. DRAWN are made by drawing their outlines Drawn or built letters are larger letters and filled. for titles, posters and so forth. They 2. SINGLE STROKE Single stroke or written letters. The term “single stroke” or “one stroke” does not mean that the letters are made without lifting the pencil, brush or pen but the width of the stroke of the pen or pencil is equal to the width of the stem of the letters. This is generally used on architectural working drawing. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering LETTER COMPOSITION A. PROPORTION OF LETTERS This is the basic characteristics of lettering which makes individual letter visually pleasing. Height and width of letters, body of letters, rising and falling strokes, and general shapes of curving letters are  important consideration to be noted. In terms of proportion, letters are classified as follows: 1. NORMAL 2. 3. EXTENDED TDRAWB Letters & Lettering LETTER COMPOSITION B. SPACE OF LETTERS Spacing between letters depends on the weight and over all density of the text. There are few rules that provide basic reference points for spacing as follows: 1. Mechanical spacing.  Spaces between letters are equal, but as for the words or phrases being printed are viewed, the spacing becomes unequal. This is seldom used in printing. TDRAWB Letters & Lettering B. SPACE OF LETTERS 2. Optical spacing. Letters are spaced unequal but the spaces appear equal. It is the most preferred spacing. 3. Spacing between words. Spacing between words in lowercase uses width of “n”; for capital letters, letter “O” is often used. TDRAWB DRAWING 1Letters & Lettering Letters & Lettering THANK YOU!