Big Bang and Steady State Theory PDF

Lesson 1.1 Big Bang Theory  Prayer to the Holy Spirit Breathe in me O Holy Spirit, that my thoughts may all be holy. Act in me O Holy Spirit, that my work, too, may be holy. Draw my heart O Holy Spirit, that I love but what is holy. Strengthen me O Holy Spirit, t...

Lesson 1.1 Big Bang Theory  Prayer to the Holy Spirit Breathe in me O Holy Spirit, that my thoughts may all be holy. Act in me O Holy Spirit, that my work, too, may be holy. Draw my heart O Holy Spirit, that I love but what is holy. Strengthen me O Holy Spirit, to defend all that is holy. Guard me, then, O Holy Spirit, that I always may be holy. With one mind and heart, intent upon God. Checking of Attendance Socio-Emotional Learning Check- In Suppose you meet an alien and ask you to describe Earth, your home, how will you describe it? Suppose the alien further asks the origin and history of your home and where it came from, can you confidently answer the question?  Explain the different hypotheses 1 on the beginning of the universe and solar system; Objectives At the end Recognize the efforts of scientists of the 2 and philosophers in explaining the origin of the universe lesson, you should be able to: Identify different proponents and evidences that support Big 3 Bang Theory  Learn about It! Big Bang Theory The big bang theory is cosmological model that explains how the universe began. It suggests that the universe started its expansion about 13.8 billion years ago. The concept of big bang as not a literal explosion of something leading to the creation of the universe.  Learn about It! Big Bang Theory and the Bread-Raisin Model The bread represents the universe; while raisins are galaxies. The galaxies, represented by dots, are not expanding. The raisin-bread model of expanding universe  Learn about It! Distances in relation to other galaxies just increases because of the expanding universe. In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe expands.  Learn about It! “Singularity” The universe started as a “​singularity​” - an area predicted to be in the core of a black hole with very high temperature and density. The intense heat resulted to formation of matter and antimatter particles that were destroyed every time they An expanding universe and the collided with each other. concept of singularity.  Learn about It! “Nucleosynthesis” Nucleosynthesis​ is the formation of elements, such as H and He. Presence of these elements led to the formation of stars and galaxies. The presence of stars led to the formation of Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He) other cosmic bodies such as planets, comets, and asteroids.  Learn about It! Evidences that Support the Big Bang Theory The expansion of the universe is supported by the observation that galaxies are receding from us. The high amount of light elements like H, He and Li. These elements were formed through the fusion of protons and neutrons immediately after the Big Bang. The detection of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation which is the residue or heat leftover from the Big Bang.  Learn about It! Proponents of the Big Bang Theory Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître was the first proponent of the theory. He suggested the idea of the expanding universe Edwin Powell Hubble who established the ​Hubble’s law ​which provided an evidence Georges H.J. that the universe was not static Edwin Powell Lemaitre but expanding. Hubble  Learn about It! Proponents of the Big Bang Theory Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered that microwaves with wavelengths of about 7 centimeters were present in space. These waves were referred to Arno Penzias as the cosmic microwave Robert Wilson background (CMB) radiation.  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Big Bang Theory It failed to explain how the universe was created. It just explains how it evolve and not where it originated. It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed. Key Points Big bang theory suggests that the universe started as 1 a “singularity” - an area predicted to be in the core of a black hole with very high temperature and density. Proponents of the idea of an expanding universe 2 are Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître, 2 Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias ​and​ Robert Wilson. Key Points 13 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the universe is directly proportional to their distance from Earth. 2 The big bang theory failed to explain how the 4 universe was created. 2  Challenge Yourself How will you explain the big bang theory by relating it to mass, volume, and density?  Check Your Understanding Identify the proponent of the theory that explains the following statements. 1. The the universe originated in an explosive act of primeval atom or the ‘cosmic egg’. 2. Microwaves with wavelengths of about 7 centimeters that were present in space 3. The cosmic rays were “ashes and smoke of bright but very rapid fireworks,” and they originated when the primeval atom disintegrated. 4. The relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the universe is in proportion to their distance from Earth. 5. The amount of redshift is proportional to the distance of the galaxy.  Check Your Understanding THINK-PAIR-SHARE 1. Describe two or more possible fate of the universe in the future. 2. What is the possibility of finding a similar system within the Milky Way Galaxy? What about an Earth-like planet? 3. If you were to make your own hypothesis about how the formation of the universe, how would you go about it? Lesson 1.2 Steady-State Theory and Oscillating Universe Theory REVIEW 1. How old is the universe? 2. What is big bang theory? 3. In your own idea what does “singularity means”? 4. What are the different evidences that support big bang theory?  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following: ▪ Explain the origin and the fate of the universe according to steady state and oscillating universe theory; ▪ Identify different proponents of the steady state and oscillating universe theory. At a glance, you know that bigger plastic containers will be heavier to carry. As the plastic container increases in volume, it gets heavier as well. How could this mass, volume, and density relate to a theory of the origin of the solar system called the steady-state theory? Try it! Warm-Up  Learn about It! The Steady-State Theory The steady-state theory is another view that proposes that the universe has always been expanding. As the universe expands, new stars and galaxies are formed at the same rate that old ones become unobservable due to distance and recession velocity.  Learn about It! Despite the continuous expansion, the average density of the universe remains the same; hence, the name steady- state. In the steady state theory, matter is constantly created as the universe expands.  Learn about It! The universe, according to the Steady-State Theory: has no beginning and has no end. has always been here and will always be present. always looks the same in any time and space. creates new matter as it continuously expands.  Learn about It! Proponents of the Steady-State Theory Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle proposed the steady state theory in 1948.  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Steady-State Theory It is not parallel with the law of conservation of energy and mass. The discovery of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation significantly supported the explanations given by the big bang theory and led many scientists to reject the steady-state theory in 1965.  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Steady-State Theory Recent findings rejects the idea that cosmic radiation was a result of a supernova. It has been proven that radiation is equal in any direction of the universe and could not have resulted from supernovae.  Learn about It! Oscillating Universe Theory Oscillating universe theory, also known as pulsating theory, proposes that the universe is expanding and will contract once all the energy after the big bang has been used up. Then, it will expand again once it approaches the point of singularity.  Learn about It! The Big Crunch The oscillating universe is a combination of big crunch and big bang. Big crunch occurs when the universe expands and eventually reverses, then collapses, causing Once the universe reverses and attains the point of singularity, the formation of a singularity. another universe will be born.  Learn about It! The Big Bang Singularity results in a big bang and the birth of a new universe. Once the universe reverses and attains the point of singularity, another universe will be born.  Learn about It! Proponent of the Oscillating Universe Theory Richard Tolman, a Caltech professor, proposed it. Tolman called the birth of another universe as the big bounce. Richard Tolman  Learn about It! Drawbacks of the Oscillating Universe Theory The suggestion that the universe would collapse on its own after it reaches its full expansion violates some current laws of physics, such as the postulated existence of dark energy. The currently postulated end of the universe is by big freeze or heat death.  Key Points The steady-state theory suggests that the universe has always been here and will always be present. It was proposed by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle in 1948.  Key Points The oscillating universe theory discusses that the universe is expanding and will contract once all the energy after the big bang has been used up, only to expand again once it approaches the point of singularity. Richard Tolman is the proponent of the oscillating universe theory.  Check Your Understanding Draw a Venn diagram. Write two unique features of the steady-state theory on the first outer circle and two unique features of the oscillating universe theory on the second outer circle. Then, write at least one similar feature in the overlapping area.