Lesson 9 - Kinship PDF

# Kinship, Marriage and the Household ## Kinship - Kinship: social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society. ### Types of Kinship - **Kinship by blood**: Consanguineal kinship, or kinship based on blood, is considered the most basic and general form of relations. The...

# Kinship, Marriage and the Household ## Kinship - Kinship: social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society. ### Types of Kinship - **Kinship by blood**: Consanguineal kinship, or kinship based on blood, is considered the most basic and general form of relations. The relationship is achieved by birth or blood affinity. (Examples: parents and their children, between siblings, between nieces/nephews and aunts/uncles) - **Descent**: refers to biological relationship, individual's child or offspring or ancestry. - **Lineage**: refers to the line where one's descent is traced. ## Principles of Descent | Symbol | Meaning | |---|---| | △ | Male | | ○ | Female | | = | Marriage bond | | — | Descent bond | | ——— | Condescendant bond | ## Kinship - **Unilineal Descent**: traced through a single ancestor from either male and female line. - **Patrilineal**: both males and females belong to the kin group of their father. Only the males pass on to their children their family identity. - **Matrilineal**: descent that is traced through the female line. - **Bilateral**: descent through the study of both parents' ancestors. ## Kinship by Marriage - **Affinal kinship**: kinship based on marriage refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs. This type of kinship is forged by marriage alliances. - **Marriage**: is an important social institution wherein two persons, a man and a woman, enter into family life. During this process, the partners make a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples. ### Various forms of marriages 1. **Monogamy**: happens when both married partners only have ONE spouse or sexual partner. 2. **Polygamy**: occurs when one individual has multiple spouses or sexual mate. - **Polygyny**: a man has multiple female partners or mates. - **Polyandry**: a woman has multiple couples and mates. ## Marriage across Cultures - **Endogamy**: compulsory marriage, in their own village, community, ethnic, social or religious group. - **Exogamy**: (out-marriage) refers to a marriage custom where an individual is required by society's norms and rules to marry outside of their own group, community, or social classes. ## Postmarital Residency Rules - **Neolocal**: independent from the place of residence of both of the newlywed's parents. - **Patrilocal**: rule of residence when married couples stay in the house of the husband's relatives or near the husband's kin. - **Matrilocal**: rule of residence when the couples live with the wife's relatives or near the wife's kin. - **Bilocal**: residence happens when the newlywed couple stay with the husband's relatives and the wife's kin alternately. ## Referred marriage and Arranged Marriages - **Referred marriage**: happens through the help of a matchmaker. - **Arranged marriages**: (also known as fixed marriage), in this kind of marriage, the man or woman's parents, community leaders, religious officials or leaders determine the marital partner of the individual. ### Types of arranged marriages: - **Child marriage**: happens when parents arrange for the marriage of their child long before the marriage takes place. - **Exchange marriage**: there is a reciprocal exchange of spouses between 2 countries, tribes, or groups. - **Diplomatic marriage**: arranged marriage has been established between 2 royal or political families in order to forge political or diplomatic alliances. - **Modern arranged marriage**: the child's parents, with the consent of the child, choose from several possible mates. ## Kinship by Rituals - **Compadrazgo**: "godparenthood" - ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family. Done through the performance of Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage. - **Compadre**: or kumpare for the male godparent and **kumare** for the female godparent. ## The Family and the Household - **Family**: is considered the basic unit of social organization. - **Made up of**: a group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption. - **Nuclear family**: made up of a married couple and their biological or adopted child or children - **Extended family**: type of family whose members go beyond the nuclear family made up of parents and their offspring. - **Blended family**: a type of family where the parents have a child or children from previous marital relationships, but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit. It is sometimes called a step family, reconstituted family. ## Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliances - The image shows a collage of different political figures, likely family members or close allies, highlighting the influence of kinship in politics. ## Peta No. 2- Family Tree - This section likely includes a family tree diagram similar to the one on page 3, with the same symbols used to depict the relationships.