Kinship and Descent Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of kinship?

Kinship is a social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society.

What are the two main types of kinship?

The two main types of kinship are consanguineal kinship and affinal kinship.

Which type of kinship is considered the most basic and general form of relations?

  • Consanguineal kinship (correct)
  • Affinal kinship

What does 'descent' refer to?

<p>Descent refers to biological relationship; it includes an individual's child or offspring, and their ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lineage' refer to?

<p>Lineage refers to the line where one's descent is traced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of unilineal descent?

<p>Bilateral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patrilineal system, who do both males and females belong to the kin group of?

<p>In a patrilineal system, both males and females belong to the kin group of their father.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is matrilineal descent?

<p>Matrilineal descent is traced through the female line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bilateral descent?

<p>Bilateral descent is traced through the study of both parents' ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is affinal kinship?

<p>Affinal kinship, or kinship based on marriage, refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is marriage an important social institution?

<p>Marriage, a union between a man and a woman, is a social institution that allows individuals to enter into family life and forms a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of marriage?

<p>Matrilocal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is monogamy?

<p>Monogamy is a type of marriage where both married partners only have one spouse or sexual partner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polyandry?

<p>Polyandry is a form of polygamy where a woman has multiple male partners and mates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define endogamy.

<p>Endogamy is a compulsory marriage practice where individuals marry within their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neolocal residence?

<p>Neolocal residence is when a newlywed couple lives independently from the place of residence of both of their parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a referred marriage?

<p>A referred marriage is arranged through a matchmaker, who helps connect potential partners by considering factors such as family background, social status, and compatibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an arranged marriage?

<p>An arranged marriage, also known as fixed marriage, is a marriage in which the man or woman's parents, community leaders, religious officials, or family elders determine the marital partner of the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a child marriage?

<p>Child marriage is a form of arranged marriage where parents arrange for the marriage of their child long before the marriage takes place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diplomatic marriage?

<p>A diplomatic marriage is an arranged marriage that is established between two royal or political families for the purpose of forging political or diplomatic alliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a modern arranged marriage?

<p>In a modern arranged marriage, the child's parents, with the consent of the child, choose from several possible mates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is compadrazgo, or godparenthood?

<p>Compadrazgo is a ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family, often done through the performance of Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compadre or kumpare?

<p>A compadre or kumpare is a male godparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kumare?

<p>A kumare is a female godparent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of social organization?

<p>Family is considered the basic unit of social organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are families made up of?

<p>Families are made up of groups of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nuclear family?

<p>A nuclear family is made up of a married couple and their biological or adopted child or children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an extended family?

<p>An extended family includes members beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kinship

Social relationships formed between members of a society, often based on blood ties or marriage.

Consanguineal Kinship

Kinship based on blood relations.

Descent

Tracing lineage, ancestry, or blood relationship through generations.

Lineage

A line of descent or ancestral line.

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Unilineal Descent

Tracing descent through a single line, either male or female.

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Patrilineal Descent

Tracing descent through the male line.

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Matrilineal Descent

Tracing descent through the female line.

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Bilateral Descent

Tracing descent through both the male and female lines.

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Affinal Kinship

Kinship relations based on marriage.

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Marriage

A social institution uniting two people, officially creating a couple.

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Monogamy

Marriage between one man and one woman.

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Polygamy

Marriage involving more than one spouse.

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Polygyny

A man with multiple wives.

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Polyandry

A woman with multiple husbands.

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Endogamy

Marriage within a specific group.

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Exogamy

Marriage outside of a specific group.

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Neolocal

Couples establish a new household independent of their families.

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Patrilocal

Couples live with or near the husband's family.

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Matrilocal

Couples live with or near the wife's family.

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Bilocal

Couples live with or near either the husband's or the wife's family.

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Nuclear Family

A family unit consisting of parents and children.

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Extended Family

Family group including relatives beyond parents and children.

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Compadrazgo

Ritualized co-parenthood, often found in cultures with specific rituals.

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Study Notes

Kinship

  • Kinship is a social institution that describes relationships between members of a society.
  • Kinship by blood (consanguineal kinship) is based on shared blood and is the most fundamental type of kinship.
  • Examples of consanguineal relationships include: parents and children, siblings, nieces/nephews and aunts/uncles.
  • Descent refers to biological relationships, including an individual's offspring and ancestry.
  • Lineage is the line through which descent is traced.

Principles of Descent

  • Diagrams illustrate marriage, descent, and kindred bonds:
    • Triangle = male
    • Circle = female
    • Line with bar = marriage bond
    • Single line = descent bond
    • Double line = kindred bond

Unilineal Descent

  • Unilineal descent is traced through a single ancestor (either male or female).
  • Patrilineal descent: both males and females belong to their father's kin group; only males pass on family identity.
  • Matrilineal descent: descent is traced through the female line.
  • Bilateral descent: descent is traced through both parents.

Kinship by Marriage

  • Affinal kinship (kinship by marriage) describes relationships formed through marriage alliances.
  • Marriage is a social institution where a man and a woman enter into a lifelong union.
  • Monogamy is when each partner has only one spouse.
  • Polygamy is when one partner has multiple spouses (polygyny for men, polyandry for women).

Marriage Across Cultures

  • Endogamy: compulsory marriage within one's village, community, ethnic, social or religious group.
  • Exogamy: marriage outside one's group, community, or social class, required by cultural norms.

Postmarital Residency Rules

  • Neolocal: newlyweds live independently from both sets of parents.
  • Patrilocal: newlyweds live with or near the husband's family.
  • Matrilocal: newlyweds live with or near the wife's family.
  • Bilocal: newlyweds live with either the husband's or wife's relatives alternately.

Referred and Arranged Marriages

  • Referred marriage: arranged through a matchmaker.
  • Arranged marriage: parents, community leaders, or religious officials choose a partner for the individual.
    • Types of arranged marriages: Child marriage, Exchange marriage, Diplomatic marriage, Modern arranged marriage

Kinship by Rituals

  • Compadrazgo (godparenthood): a ritualized form of co-parenthood in Catholic cultures achieved through baptism, confirmation, and marriage rituals.
  • Compadre (male godparent) and Kumare (female godparent).

The Family and the Household

  • Family is the basic unit of social organization.
  • Families are formed through marriage, blood relations, or adoption.
  • Nuclear family: a married couple and their biological or adopted children.
  • Extended family: includes members beyond the parents and children.
  • Blended family: families formed when divorced or widowed individuals remarry. Families include children from past marriages.

Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliances

  • Kinship plays a role in politics.

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Lesson 9 - Kinship PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of kinship and principles of descent within social institutions. It explores different types of kinship such as consanguineal relationships and outlines unilineal descent systems including patrilineal and matrilineal descent. Test your understanding of these important sociological concepts.

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