Lesson 7 2 Mineral Resources PDF

MAGANDA NG ARAW!  Mineral Resources  Mineral Characteristi cs  Mineral  Come fromCharacteristics inorganic processes and it means there is no existence of life in the formation of minerals.  Mostly found in solid forms with a definite international struc...

MAGANDA NG ARAW!  Mineral Resources  Mineral Characteristi cs  Mineral  Come fromCharacteristics inorganic processes and it means there is no existence of life in the formation of minerals.  Mostly found in solid forms with a definite international structure.  Have a definite chemical composition that is unique in  Mineral Characteristics  Whatever the type cannot be used directly because they become usable only after they are processed and refined.  Nonrenewable resources because the process of mineral formation is beyond human control and cannot  Mineral Extraction  Extraction of Minerals Primary methods used to extract minerals from the ground are:  Underground mining  Surface mining  Placer mining Extraction of Minerals Extraction of Underground Mining Minerals - used to extract ore from below the surface of the earth safely, economically and with as little waste as possible. - Entry: horizontal or Decline vertical tunnel Adit  Adit Mining Also known as drift mine, a near-horizontal passage driven from the Earth’s surface into the side of a ridge or mountain for the purpose of working, ventilating, or removing water from a mine.  Shaft Mining A shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom.  Decline Mining Often called slope mine, a system of ramps and crosscuts that connects the access points which must be accessed for drilling and blasting operations to the surface portal or to a breakout Extraction of Minerals Surface Mining - process whereby soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. - usually used to develop coal seams - strip mining and open- pit mining  Surface Mining Coal Seams Surface Mining Strip Mining - a practical type of mining when the ore body that is to be extracted is near the surface. Surface Mining Open-pit Mining - the process of extracting rock or minerals from the earth through their removal from an open pit or borrow. Extraction of Minerals Placer Mining - the practice of separating heavily eroded minerals like gold from sand or gravel. - mining of stream bed - surface excavating equipment - Spanish: shoal or Extraction of Minerals Extraction of Minerals Extraction of Minerals  Mineral Processing  Processing of Minerals 1. Crushing and grinding - also called comminution, is the process of reducing the particle size of large rocks to be further processed down the line. 2. Sizing and classification - process of separating different sizes of ore by screens. Finer materials are routed to different stages of the mine than  Processing of Minerals 3. Dewatering - the final process of removing the water content of the mineral in order to dispose and reach the desired concentrate levels for marketability. 4. Concentration - process of breaking down the materials until the desired concentration of crude material is  Processing of Minerals Automated ore sorting - uses optical sensors to sort the rock into categories. This technology is expanding to include more sensing parameters. Electrostatic separation - consists of separators and electrodynamic sensors, also known as high tension rollers. It relies on electric currents that the material needs to be dry. Froth flotation - uses a chemical collector and frother that forms bubbles on the surface of the  Processing of Minerals Gravity separation - process of separating two or more ore minerals in their respective responses to gravity paired with buoyant forces, centrifugal forces, and/or magnetic forces in a viscous substance. Magnetic separation - process of using electromagnets to extract the desired mineral ore from a conveyor belt. This process can be used with or without water.  Mineral Conservation  Conservation of Reduce: by Minerals using less water, electricity, and other resources. Reuse: by using products made from recycled materials, or by using products that can be reused multiple times. Recycling: can be done with metals, glass, and other materials  Benefits of Conserving Minerals  Minerals will be available for future generations.  Conserving can help to protect the environment.  Reducing the amount of pollution.  Reducing the rate of consumption.  Guarenteed that vital resources will be THAN K